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Templating motifs of molecular axles in hydrogen bonding [2]rotaxanes: Synthesis and applications
In [2]rotaxanes, hydrogen bonding interactions are found to be one of the prominent factors driving the templation of the macrocycle to the molecular axle. Several hydrogen bonding templating moieties like amides, hydrazones, nitrones, and squaraines have been incorporated into the molecular axle and the macrocycle for generating hydrogen bonding [2]rotaxanes. This review focuses on the design and synthetic strategy adopted in rendering various molecular axles, which can be used to generate [2]rotaxanes for numerous applications. Moreover, a detailed description is provided with suitable mechanistic insights about the utilization of hydrogen bonding [2]rotaxanes in applications like molecular motors, organic synthesis, and catalysis. 2022 Elsevier Ltd -
Electric Vehicle Control and Driving Safety Systems: A Review
The relevance of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and the overall market demands of the respective control units is in a never before leap all around the globe as seen from the news, business studies, research trends and technological innovations today. Compared to earlier years, the relevance of driving safety in EVs also gains special attention due to the unforeseen surge in promoting EVs by National, State and City administrations for better environment and societal changes in future. For EV, the scenario broadens to a wider landscape beyond the earlier passive safety design features, to a highly comfortable and safer possible road travel. Safety enhancements can be experimented and implemented on EVs in a reliable way with higher end control of the dynamics, stability and optimised utilisation of individual vehicle characteristics and driver behaviours. In this paper, an attempt is made to scrutinise different control design approaches and possible solution paths experimented upon in the past and currently for EV as seen in the published literature. The quest is also to explore optimisation strategies in an organised way to ensure best possible driving safety along with passenger safety in EVs. 2023 IETE. -
X-Ray and ?-Ray Shielding Efficiency of Polymer Composites: Choice of Fillers, Effect of Loading and Filler Size, Photon Energy and Multifunctionality
Use of X-rays and ?-rays have become inevitable in medical sectors like radiology, interventional cardiology and diagnostic imaging, radiation physics laboratories, nuclear reactors and accelerator facilities. As radiation exposures above permitted levels pose potential risk to personnel working in close proximity to these facilities, protective measures aimed at reducing the exposure for safeguarding against harmful effects of ionizing radiations are essential. Traditionally, lead and lead based materials have been used as efficient radiation shielding materials owing to the high atomic number and high density of lead. Presently, use of lead is discouraged due to its heavy weight, toxicity and long-term effects on the environment. Consequently, the last two decades have seen research on light weight and cost-effective polymer composites with appropriate additives, having good workability, high specific strength, thermo-chemical stability and radiation shielding efficacy, gaining momentum. This article gives an overview of the state-of-the-art polymer composites reinforced with different fillers studied for their use as effective radiation shields. Here, we summarize the recent advancement and current trends in polymer composites-based radiation shields highlighting the different approaches adopted, choice of polymer/fillers, shielding effectiveness in terms of either linear and/or mass attenuation coefficients, for those who venture into radiation research and development. 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Cinema and the non-violence versus violence discourse: a review of the film RRR
[No abstract available] -
Importance of positive emotions in software developers performance: a narrative review
Software development depends heavily on human efforts and collaborations, which are simultaneously influenced by human emotions, and it is considered among the most difficult tasks. Software developers are susceptible to various health concerns such as burnout, anxiety and depression due to the work nature and demands of the software industry, and this may have detrimental effects on their performance. However, evidence portray significant beneficial effects of positive emotions on well-being, growth, and success. Accordingly, this paper investigates the relevance of positive emotions among software developers and strives to understand how positive emotions benefit developers performance. It surveys literature that examine the importance of affect among developers and the benefits of positive emotions on human well-being and employs a narrative style to present these aspects. This review discusses the potential mechanisms that underlie the association between frequent experiences of positive emotions and improved performance and suggests that positive emotions benefit developers performance. This emotional awareness has the potential to enhance the developer efficacy, thus contributing to the discipline of ergonomics. Findings also have positive implications for organisational counsellors as they help in developing and maintaining a positive organisational climate. 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Anthraquinone Production from Cell and Organ Cultures of Rubia Species: An Overview
The Rubia genus includes major groups of medicinal plants such as Rubia cordifolia, Rubia tinctorum, and Rubia akane. They contain anthraquinones (AQs), particularly alizarin and purpurin, which have pharmacological effects that are anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, hemostatic, antibacterial, and more. Alizarin and purpurin have been utilized as natural dyes for cotton, silk, and wool fabrics since the dawn of time. These substances have been used in the cosmetics and food industries to color products. The amount of AQs in different Rubia species is minimal. In order to produce these compounds, researchers have established cell and organ cultures. Investigations have been conducted into numerous chemical and physical parameters that affect the biomass and accumulation of secondary metabolites in a cell, callus, hairy root, and adventitious root suspension cultures. This article offers numerous techniques and approaches used to produce biomass and secondary metabolites from the Rubia species. Additionally, it has been emphasized that cells can be grown in bioreactor cultures to produce AQs. 2022 by the authors. -
Biomass-Derived Carbon Materials in Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Step towards Sustainable Future
Biomass-derived carbons are emerging materials with a wide range of catalytic properties, such as large surface area and porosity, which make them ideal candidates to be used as heterogeneous catalysts and catalytic supports. Their unique physical and chemical properties, such as their tunable surface, chemical inertness, and hydrophobicity, along with being environmentally friendly and cost effective, give them an edge over other catalysts. The biomass-derived carbon materials are compatible with a wide range of reactions including organic transformations, electrocatalytic reactions, and photocatalytic reactions. This review discusses the uses of materials produced from biomass in the realm of heterogeneous catalysis, highlighting the different types of carbon materials derived from biomass that are potential catalysts, and the importance and unique properties of heterogeneous catalysts with different preparation methods are summarized. Furthermore, this review article presents the relevant work carried out in recent years where unique biomass-derived materials are used as heterogeneous catalysts and their contribution to the field of catalysis. The challenges and potential prospects of heterogeneous catalysis are also discussed. 2022 by the authors. -
Nano-technological interventions in crop productiona review
Agricultural industry is facing huge crisis due to fast changing climate, decreased soil fertility, macro and micronutrient insufficiency, misuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and heavy metal presence in soil. With exponential increase in world's population, food consumption has increased significantly. Maintaining the production to consumption ratio is a significant challenge due to shortage caused by various issues faced by agricultural industry even withthe improved agricultural practices. Recent scientific evidence suggests that nanotechnology can positively impact the agriculture sector by reducing the harmful effects of farming operations on human health and nature, as well as improving food productivity and security. Farmers are combining improved agricultural practices like usage of fertilizers, pesticides etc. with nano-based materials to improve the efficiency and productivity of crops. Nano technology is also playing a significant role improving animal health products, food packaging materials, and nanosensors for detecting pathogens, toxins, and heavy metals in soil among others. The nanobased materials have improved the productivity twice with half the resources being utilized. Nanoparticles that are currently in use include titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silicon oxide, magnesium oxide, gold, and silver used for increasing soil fertility and plant growth. Crop growth, yield, and productivity are improved by controlled release nanofertilizers. In this review we elaborate on the recent developments in the agricultural sector by the usage of nanomaterial based composites which has significantly improved the agricultural sector especially how nanoparticles play an important role in plant growth and soil fertility, in controlling plant diseases by the use of nanopesticides, nanoinsecticides, nanofertilizers, Nanoherbicides, nanobionics, nanobiosensors. The review also highlights the mechanism of migration of nanoparticles in plants and most importantly the effects of nanoparticles in causing plant and soil toxicity. 2023, Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society. -
The Role of Nanoparticles in Response of Plants to Abiotic Stress at Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Levels
In recent years, the global agricultural system has been unfavorably impacted by adverse environmental changes. These changes in the climate, in turn, have altered the abiotic conditions of plants, affecting plant growth, physiology and production. Abiotic stress in plants is one of the main obstacles to global agricultural production and food security. Therefore, there is a need for the development of novel approaches to overcome these problems and achieve sustainability. Nanotechnology has emerged as one such novel approach to improve crop production, through the utilization of nanoscale products, such as nanofertilizer, nanofungicides, nanoherbicides and nanopesticides. Their ability to cross cellular barriers makes nanoparticles suitable for their application in agriculture. Since they are easily soluble, smaller, and effective for uptake by plants, nanoparticles are widely used as a modern agricultural tool. The implementation of nanoparticles has been found to be effective in improving the qualitative and quantitative aspects of crop production under various biotic and abiotic stress conditions. This review discusses various abiotic stresses to which plants are susceptible and highlights the importance of the application of nanoparticles in combating abiotic stress, in addition to the major physiological, biochemical and molecular-induced changes that can help plants tolerate stress conditions. It also addresses the potential environmental and health impacts as a result of the extensive use of nanoparticles. 2023 by the authors. -
Synthetic biology for sustainable food ingredients production: recent trends
Problems with food security result from increased population, global warming, and decrease in cultivable land. With the advancements in synthetic biology, microbial synthesis of food is considered to be an efficient alternate approach that could permit quick food biosynthesis in an eco-friendly method. Furthermore, synthetic biology can be assumed to the synthesis of healthy or specially designed food components like proteins, lipids, amino acids and vitamins and widen the consumption of feedstocks, thus offering possible resolutions to high-quality food synthesis. This review describes the impact of synthetic biology for the microbial synthesis of various food ingredients production. 2022, Jiangnan University. -
Recent Advances in Nanomaterials Based Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensors
Nanotechnology and molecular imprinting both are omnipresent in the modern scientific world. Molecular recognition in the biological systems was mimicked to an extreme extent with its difficulties through molecular imprinting. Solving the problems related to this mimicking was the goal of science and technology. Some challenges like difficulties with the imprinting of protein, poor compatibility with aqueous environments, template leakage, and heterogeneous populations of binding sites in the polymers that contribute to a high level of nonspecific binding sites were addressed with recent advancement in the modern era. These issues were solved later with nano level instrumentations and inventions. Different types of nanomaterials were employed for this research on molecular recognition through MIPs to enhance selectivity, sensitivity and stability to specific systems such as sensors. This review paper attempts to give all the recent advances in molecular imprinting and the potential of nanomaterials in electrochemical sensors. 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Reimagining North Korea in a new frame: review of the series Crash Landing on You (2019)
[No abstract available] -
Gratitude as a path to human prosperity during adverse circumstances: a narrative review
Although each person faces their own share of challenges, it is their individual perception and responses to these difficulties that determine how they are affected by them. In this paper we investigate the association between gratitude and human prosperity including the underlying mechanism that helps people thrive during trying circumstances. We survey the literature, examining how gratitude enables people to prosper amidst adversity and employ a narrative style to present these unique characteristics. This review suggests that gratitude enhances coping abilities, such as meaning-focused coping and positive reframing, which foster positive emotions and augment personal resources like resilience, perseverance, and social bonds. These elements, in turn, may possibly explain the association between gratitude and human prosperity during dire circumstances. 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Essential Oil from Coriandrum sativum: A review on Its Phytochemistry and Biological Activity
Essential oils are hydrophobic liquids produced as secondary metabolites by specialized secretory tissues in the leaves, seeds, flowers, bark and wood of the plant, and they play an important ecological role in plants. Essential oils have been used in various traditional healing systems due to their pharmaceutical properties, and are reported to be a suitable replacement for chemical and synthetic drugs that come with adverse side effects. Thus, currently, various plant sources for essential oil production have been explored. Coriander essential oil, obtained from the leaf and seed oil of Coriandrum sativum, has been reported to have various biological activities. Apart from its application in food preservation, the oil has many pharmacological properties, including allelopathic properties. The present review discusses the phytochemical composition of the seed and leaf oil of coriander and the variation of the essential oil across various germplasms, accessions, at different growth stages and across various regions. Furthermore, the study explores various extraction and quantification methods for coriander essential oils. The study also provides detailed information on various pharmacological properties of essential oils, such as antimicrobial, anthelmintic, insecticidal, allelopathic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticonvulsive, antidepressant, and hepatoprotective properties, as well as playing a major role in maintaining good digestive health. Coriander essential oil is one of the most promising alternatives in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 2023 by the authors. -
Review on the Biogenesis of Platelets in Lungs and Its Alterations in SARS-CoV-2 Infection Patients
Thrombocytes (platelets) are the type of blood cells that are involved in hemostasis, thrombosis, etc. For the conversion of megakaryocytes into thrombocytes, the thrombopoietin (TPO) protein is essential which is encoded by the TPO gene. TPO gene is present in the long arm of chromosome number 3 (3q26). This TPO protein interacts with the c-Mpl receptor, which is present on the outer surface of megakaryocytes. As a result, megakaryocyte breaks into the production of functional thrombocytes. Some of the evidence shows that the megakaryocytes, the precursor of thrombocytes, are seen in the lungs interstitium. This review focuses on the involvement of the lungs in the production of thrombocytes and their mechanism. A lot of findings show that viral diseases, which affect the lungs, cause thrombocytopenia in human beings. One of the notable viral diseases is COVID-19 or severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 caused a worldwide alarm in 2019 and a lot of people suffered because of this disease. It mainly targets the lung cells for its replication. To enter the cells, these virus targets the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors that are abundantly seen on the surface of the lung cells. Recent reports of COVID-19-affected patients reveal the important fact that these peoples develop thrombocytopenia as a post-COVID condition. This review elaborates on the biogenesis of platelets in the lungs and the alterations of thrombocytes during the COVID-19 infection. 2023, SAGE Publications Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Green-synthesized nanoparticles and their therapeutic applications: A review
Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms are a rising issue when it comes to human health. Microbial pathogens that cause harmful infections are quickly becoming resistant to the antimicrobial action of traditional antibiotics. Nanotechnology, an innovative sector being an indispensable part of healthcare and research, has in-depth and extensive applications. Nano-compounds have been promising antimicrobial agents, anti-cancerous mediators, vehicles for drug delivery, formulations for functional foods, identification of pathogens, food and drug packaging industry, and many more. However, the chemical synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has certain drawbacks such as causing toxicity and other adverse effects. For more than a decade, the use of NPs that are conjugated or green-synthesized has gained popularity due to the two-fold action of metallic NPs mixed with biological sources. In contrast, NPs synthesized using plant or microbial extracts, conjugated with biologically active components, appear to be a safe alternative approach as they are environmentally friendly and cost-effective. Such environmentally safe techniques are referred to as "green nanotechnology"or "clean technology"and are feasible alternatives to chemical methods. Furthermore, NPs conjugated with natural biomolecules have improved bioavailability and have minimal side effects, as they are smaller in size and have higher permeability in addition to being reducing and stabilizing agents possessing excellent antioxidant activity. NPs serve as potential antimicrobial agents due to their affinity towards sulphur-rich amino acids, adhere to microbial cell walls by means of electrostatic attraction, and disrupt the cytoplasmic membrane along with the nucleic acid of microbes. They possess anticancer activity owing to oxidative stress, damage to cellular DNA, and lipid peroxidation. The green-synthesized NPs are thus a promising and safe alternative for healthcare therapeutic applications. 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter. -
Bioreactor systems for micropropagation of plants: present scenario and future prospects
Plant micropropagation has been adapted in the fields of agriculture, horticulture, forestry, and other related fields for large-scale production of elite plants. The use of liquid media and adoption of bioreactors have escalated the production of healthy plants. Several liquid-phase, gas-phase, temporary immersion, and other modified bioreactors have been used for plant propagation. The design, principle, operational mode, merits, and demerits of various bioreactors used for the regeneration of propagules, such as bulblets, cormlets, rhizomes, microtubers, shoots (subsequent rooting), and somatic embryos, are discussed here. In addition, various parameters that affect plant regeneration are discussed with suitable examples. Copyright 2023 Murthy, Joseph, Paek and Park. -
Disclosure of University Social Responsibility A Review of Select Higher Educational Institutions
This paper explores the disclosure of university social responsibility by higher educational institutions. Based on the disclosure of information on institutional websites, 39 universities were selected for the study. The data, which was assessed on the criteria used by regulatory authorities for grading institutions, revealed that while 12 institutions performed above average in most of the criteria, 17 were in the medium range, and 10 performed below average. The study proposes that disclosure of social responsibility activities with adequate evidence from institutional websites can attract more viewers and prospective students. 2023 Tata Institute of Social Sciences. All rights reserved. -
A Survey on P4 Challenges in Software Defined Networks: P4 Programming
Software Defined Networking (SDN) has been a prominent technology in the last decade that increases networking programmability. The SDN philosophy decouples the application, control, and data plane to increase the network programmability. The data plane is an essential but unsolved component that receives less attention than control and application planes. Traditionally, the data plane uses fixed functions that forward packets using a limited number of protocols. The P4 (Programming Protocol-independent Packet Processors) language makes it possible to program SDN data plane, which push the SDN to the next level. In the research community and industry, programming the data plane has garnered significant attention. Surprisingly, there has been no comprehensive reviews of programmable data-plane switches, which have many advantages in today's networks. The authors reviewed the evolution of networks from legacy to programmable data planes, explained the fundamentals of programmable switches, and summarized the network generation from traditional to programmable networks. In this paper, SDN is described from a P4-centric standpoint and discusses over 75 related research papers. Several taxonomies for the field are provided, outline potential research areas, and provide greater details regarding the patterns that have led to the development of this technology. 2013 IEEE. -
A Review on Advanced Nanomaterials for Antibacterial Applications
The management of infectious diseases is one of the major public health challenges of the 21st century. Mutation of the microbes, biofilm formation, and other structural-morpholo-gical behaviors have resulted in pathogens acquiring multi-drug resistance. The development of advanced materials that can provide long-lasting and effective protection against harmful microbes is becoming a need of the hour. Biocompatibility, efficient microbial inactivation, thermal and chemical stability of nanomaterials help to reduce the excessive use of antibiotics and, thus, to overcome antimicrobial resistance. Metal and metal oxide nanostructures, graphene, carbon dots, and other two-dimensional materials exhibit excellent antimicrobial properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of antibacterial mechanisms and factors that help to inactivate the bacteria by nanomaterials. It also points out the enhanced antibacterial behaviors of the modified nanomaterials for future research concerns. 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.