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Understanding Engagement Patterns in Students with Autism during Physical Education: A Qualitative Inquiry
Physical education is an important context to promote inclusion, participation, and social engagement for students with autism, but to date, little research has addressed engagement. Existing studies have primarily focused on the effectiveness of interventions and barriers to participation, and little qualitative work has examined the nature and experience of engagement in physical education. To address this gap, this study investigated the engagement of students with autism using qualitative research. Guided by an interpretivist multiple-case study, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and field notes from 48 participants (including students with autism, physical education teachers, special educators, and teaching assistants). Reflexive thematic analysis highlighted four interconnected themes: engagement is facilitated by routines, sensory factors shape participation, social relationships support engagement, and engagement is activity-specific. Engagement is not a behavioral state but a dynamic, social, and contextual construct. This research provides an ecological conceptualization of multidimensional engagement that extends participation in autism and physical education. The findings suggest routine, sensory, and socially supportive pedagogies are needed to support inclusion. The study contributes to qualitative models of engagement and inclusive practice, policy, and research. 2026 Authors. -
Understanding document semantics from summaries: A case study on Hindi texts /
ACM Transactions on Asian Low-Resource Language Information Processing, Vol.16, Issue 1, pp.1-20, ISSN: 2375-4699. -
Understanding document semantics from summaries: A case study on Hindi texts
Summary of a document contains words that actually contribute to the semantics of the document. Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) is a mathematical model that is used to understand document semantics by deriving a semantic structure based on patterns of word correlations in the document. When using LSA to capture semantics from summaries, it is observed that LSA performs quite well despite being completely independent of any external sources of semantics. However, LSA can be remodeled to enhance its capability to analyze correlations within texts. By taking advantage of the model being language independent, this article presents two stages of LSA remodeling to understand document semantics in the Indian context, specifically from Hindi text summaries. One stage of remodeling is done by providing supplementary information, such as document category and domain information. The second stage of remodeling is done by using a supervised term weighting measure in the process. The remodeled LSA's performance is empirically evaluated in a document classification application by comparing the accuracies of classification to plain LSA. An improvement in the performance of LSA in the range of 4.7% to 6.2% is achieved from the remodel when compared to the plain model. The results suggest that summaries of documents efficiently capture the semantic structure of documents and is an alternative to full-length documents for understanding document semantics. 2016 ACM. -
Understanding diversity: The power of differences
Diversity is a fundamental aspect of our world, encompassing differences in race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, age, ability, religion, and culture. Understanding and embracing diversity is critical for building inclusive environments and fostering healthy relationships in our personal and professional lives. This chapter explores the power of diversity and how it can benefit individuals, organizations, and society. Different forms of diversity and their intersections, the benefits of diversity, and the importance of overcoming biases and building inclusive environments are discussed. The critical role of leadership in promoting diversity and inclusion and providing practical strategies for embracing diversity and creating positive change in our communities and workplaces is examined. By the end of this chapter, readers will have a deeper understanding of diversity and its significance and gain insights and practical strategies for promoting inclusivity and creating positive change. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Understanding blame attributions in rape among legal professionals
Rape in the Indian context, is a prominent issue, greatly influenced by socio-cultural values and beliefs. Victim blaming and the concept of an ideal victim is a social evil that makes life difficult for rape survivors. What would happen if officials responsible for providing justice possess this tendency? The study aimed at understanding this question through a qualitative study on eight legal professionals including two magistrates and six advocates. The data obtained was analysed using thematic network analysis as well as content analysis. It was observed that victim blaming was present in the responses given, but blame was directed onto other factors as well. Victim blaming varied with victim characteristics and blame was greater in case of acquaintance rape rather than stranger rape. Culture based stereotypes, sex roles and rape myths were observed and seemed to affect the way they made decisions. A more extensive study in future including a broader sample and professionals from different administrative realms can help understand the issue better. 2019 International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences (IJCJS). -
Understanding Binary Employees Awareness Toward LGBTQ Inclusion atWorkplaces
The LGBTQ [Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer] community does not comply with the conventional categorization of gender identity and sexual orientation. While there are laws that provide reservations to transgender employees, the other members of the LGBTQ community still find job security as a significant career threat if the member is open about their respective gender identity or sexual orientation. Individuals who belong to the LGBTQ community are facing several forms of discrimination in the workplace. Obtaining jobs has also become problematic. The study aims to understand the gender binary employees awareness, perspective, and support toward the LGBTQ community. The study is exploratory. The sample consisted of 238 respondents; data was collected from gender-binary employees working in white collared jobs in Bengaluru City. Gender has an impact on the awareness of binary employees regarding the LGBTQ community, sexual orientation, and sexual identity. With inclusion practices, diversity policy, and pride celebration, the world is moving toward an inclusive and welcoming sphere. Still, the absence of awareness and support will hinder the development and welfare of the LGBTQ community. The findings denote the need to increase awareness and broaden the horizon of inclusion practices. Applying inclusion awareness at all employment levels is imperative to create an equity-driven and inclusive workplace. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Understanding artificial intelligence and its major role in branding
This chapter explores the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in branding, focusing on how AI-driven tools like machine learning, predictive analytics, and chatbots are reshaping brand communication, personalization, and consumer engagement. It examines the shift from traditional branding to AI-enhanced strategies leveraging real-time data to anticipate customer needs and delivering highly personalized experiences, fostering brand loyalty and deeper consumer connections. Key benefits, such as improved customer retention, enhanced engagement, and smarter decision-making, are discussed alongside ethical considerations, including data privacy, transparency, and bias in AI algorithms. The chapter also highlights practical applications of AI in monitoring customer sentiment, optimizing interactions, and adapting brand messaging dynamically. Concluding with a look at future trends like AI-powered voice assistants and AR, offering insights for businesses to leverage AI responsibly, ensuring personalization, ethical practices, consumer trust, and long-term success. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Understanding artificial intelligence and its impact on branding
AI has become a transformative force in branding, changing firms' approach to relating to their customers and creating brands. Chapter-specific: AI is used differently for branding because delivering personalized customer experiences, generating dynamic content, and optimizing consumer engagements through datadriven insights play a considerable role. AI technologies like machine learning and predictive analytics help brands understand consumer behavior and, therefore, really segment and target marketing activity. This chapter also highlights AI's operational efficiency in brand management, automating customer interactions, and analyzing the sentiment of a consumer in real time. In addition, it establishes how AI affects innovation in branding by providing scope for adaptive and responsive strategies for brands that help keep up the ever-increasing dynamic pace of an ever-changing digital marketplace. The research is a critical insight for brand strategists, marketers, and businesses looking to leverage AI for more robust and resilient brands as age of digital disruption moves on. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
UNDERSTANDING AND EXPLORING THE CONCEPT OF COLLABORATIVE FILMMAKING
With the emergence of new technologies in film making, the increasing access for individuals to social networking spheres owing to web 2.0 technologies and the growth of filming through handheld devices, Collaborative Filmmaking is fast making its mark on the global scene. A number of social networking forums have been established that allow for collaborative filmmaking on the social media sphere, creating opportunities for amateur filmmakers, actors and the like, to contribute and showcase their work while collaborating with other filmmakers on a global scale. This paper aims to explore the concept of collaborative film making and understand what exactly it has to offer for filmmakers and film enthusiasts. The research study looks at collaborative filmmaking as a form of participatory culture and analyses the features that make it a participatory medium. The potential for the emergence of a new genre of cinema through the process of collaborative filmmaking as well as its potential for driving social engagement is also explored. -
Understanding Agape Leadership: A Scoping Review
Agape, a Greek term for unconditional love, is often overlooked in the context of leadership, which has traditionally emphasized control and dominance. Agape leadership is a type of leadership that places the well-being and growth of individuals, communities, and society at the forefront. This style of leadership is characterized by a profound sense of compassion and consideration for others and is grounded in the principles of love, compassion, and empathy. This paper reviews the literature on agape leadership, exploring how it is conceptualized, practiced, and studied. The review finds that agape leadership is linked to favourable results, including increased trust, motivation, performance, respect, and collaboration, in which people can thrive and reach their full potential. This style of leadership is not only focused on achieving specific goals or outcomes, but also on fostering a sense of purpose, meaning, and fulfilment in the lives of those being led. The leadership style of agape can bring about enduring and constructive transformations in society as it motivates and galvanizes individuals to collaborate toward a collective aspiration of a more promising tomorrow. Agape leaders also place a high value on personal growth and development and are constantly seeking to learn and grow in their own leadership journey. 2023 Open Access/Author/s - Online @ http//: www.pharosjot.com -
Underlying Opportunities and Challenges of Digitalization in Gig Economy
There has been enormous growth in the gig sector across the world. The term gig refers to the short-term arrangement. For instance, an aspiring musician might celebrate after he obtains a gig contract or a painter may get a gig contract for some particular period of time. Both of them might get paid either a fixed fee or a fee based on the contract given. The gig economy has given rise to freelance workers, part-time workers, project-based workers, independent contractors, and contract workers. The gig economy has occupied a prominent place in the United States. According to the survey conducted by Intuit, nearly 40% of American workers are working as an independent contract worker in the year 2020. By means of the increase in the cost level and large masses seeking for jobs and livelihood, the concept of gig economy has opened doors for earning extra income through the gig work. The concept of digital platforms, greater digitalization, and accessibility to higher technology advancement such as the adoption of Artificial Intelligence is giving a boost to the concept of gig economy. There has been a growth in the acceptance of smartphones and the percentage of digitalization is an aiding factor permitting gig freelancers to offer numerous qualified services over the tech-based platform. Gig employees have the potential of signing any tasks in which they have a specific skill set. For example, a worker specialized in interior beautification on an ad-hoc basis for various customers as an alternative of undertaking a full-time inside designing work at a company. Advanced countries such as the United States were the initial adoption of the gig economy started due to advanced rates of digitalization, economic growth, and increase in the disposable income. All these enabling factors were responsible for foremost growing firms being initiated in the United States. Examples of firms are Uber, Airbnb, and Upwork. Nations such as the United States are presently a frontrunner in the international gig economy. On the contrary, emerging nations like India characterize a countless latent in terms of adoption of the gig economy. The reason behind the boost in gig economy is the growing supply of outworkers and lesser skilled labour force. With further knowledge diffusion and the upgrading in human resources and capital, India will nurture in the worldwide gig economy at a hastening pace. India can follow the United States gig economy by studying its trends and encourage the possible gig responsibilities. There are instances such as Ola and OYO operational in the Indian Economy. 2025 selection and editorial matter Alex Khang, Babasaheb Jadhav, Vugar Abdullayev Hajimahmud and Ipseeta Satpathy. -
Underlying Opportunities and Challenges of Digitalization in Gig Economy
There has been enormous growth in the gig sector across the world. The term gig refers to the short-term arrangement. For instance, an aspiring musician might celebrate after he obtains a gig contract or a painter may get a gig contract for some particular period of time. Both of them might get paid either a fixed fee or a fee based on the contract given. The gig economy has given rise to freelance workers, part-time workers, project-based workers, independent contractors, and contract workers. The gig economy has occupied a prominent place in the United States. According to the survey conducted by Intuit, nearly 40% of American workers are working as an independent contract worker in the year 2020. By means of the increase in the cost level and large masses seeking for jobs and livelihood, the concept of gig economy has opened doors for earning extra income through the gig work. The concept of digital platforms, greater digitalization, and accessibility to higher technology advancement such as the adoption of Artificial Intelligence is giving a boost to the concept of gig economy. There has been a growth in the acceptance of smartphones and the percentage of digitalization is an aiding factor permitting gig freelancers to offer numerous qualified services over the tech-based platform. Gig employees have the potential of signing any tasks in which they have a specific skill set. For example, a worker specialized in interior beautification on an ad-hoc basis for various customers as an alternative of undertaking a full-time inside designing work at a company. Advanced countries such as the United States were the initial adoption of the gig economy started due to advanced rates of digitalization, economic growth, and increase in the disposable income. All these enabling factors were responsible for foremost growing firms being initiated in the United States. Examples of firms are Uber, Airbnb, and Upwork. Nations such as the United States are presently a frontrunner in the international gig economy. On the contrary, emerging nations like India characterize a countless latent in terms of adoption of the gig economy. The reason behind the boost in gig economy is the growing supply of outworkers and lesser skilled labour force. With further knowledge diffusion and the upgrading in human resources and capital, India will nurture in the worldwide gig economy at a hastening pace. India can follow the United States gig economy by studying its trends and encourage the possible gig responsibilities. There are instances such as Ola and OYO operational in the Indian Economy. 2025 selection and editorial matter Alex Khang, Babasaheb Jadhav, Vugar Abdullayev Hajimahmud and Ipseeta Satpathy; individual chapters, the contributors. -
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS (UG) MOTIVATION TO FIT LOOKS AND ITS EFFECT ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE MEDIATED BY PHYSICAL EXERCISE, SLEEP PATTERN, AND MALADAPTIVE EATING; [MOTIVAO DOS ALUNOS DE GRADUAO (UG) PARA ADEQUAR A APARCIA E SEU EFEITO NO DESEMPENHO ACADICO MEDIADO POR EXERCIO FICO, PADR DE SONO E ALIMENTAO MAL ADAPTATIVA]
India is one of the largest youth-populated countries in the world. Technological advancements during and post-COVID have gifted most youth with personal computers/smartphones and internet connectivity at an affordable price. Thus, binge-watching social media has become the order of the day. Youths are excessively interested in building fit-looks for their psychosocial well-being. However, it has adversely changed their life routine and academic performance. Thus, the present study attempted to measure the relationship between their motivation to fit looks and academic performance in the presence of mediating variables like physical exercise, sleeping, and eating patterns. The study surveyed 300 UG students attending physical exercise or gym classes. The study employed mediation analysis to find the relationship. Results revealed a total and indirect effect between motivation to fit looks and academic performance in the presence of mediating variables, explaining the full mediation effect. The study warrants future researchers to explore the reasons for these relationships with a qualitative approach and identify plausible suggestions to improve youths psychosocial well-being. 2024 Universidade Estadual de Maringa. All rights reserved. -
Under-pricing of IPOs in Indian capital market and determinants of under-pricing /
Archives of Business Research, Vol.5, Issue 1, ISSN: 2054-7404. -
Under Pressure: Integrating Policy Interventions to Save Distressed Indian SMEs of COVID-19 Aftershocks
The Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector has one of Indias highest employment Indexes and is the launchpad for all genres and innovators. This sector is inclusive in integrating grass root level workers into tech innovators. There are about 63 million MSMEs in India, employing 110 million individuals. According to 2019 MSME reports, the sector contributed 29% to the overall GDP catalyzing socio-economic development. The Covid-19 pandemics have left world economies and business entities to redefine and rethink policy regulations and business models. The pandemic has created socio-economic displacement across business sectors, and no country is free from the socio-economic exclusions that has triggered. The Indian economy has been badly affected by a projection of over a seven percent decline in quarterly GDP in 2021.The coronavirus pandemic has impacted MSME earnings by 2050 percent, with micro and small organizations being the worst hit due to liquidity crunch. According to the survey conducted by Endurance International Group, many MSMEs have temporarily shut their operations or laid off their staff due to the inability to pay salaries. Further, due to slip in demand and halted production, many had to vacate the rented premises where they were functioning. MSMEs seek government support to tide over the situation with policy interventions on tax discounts or exemptions and loans distributed at cheaper rates or zero interest rates. With the economic slowdown and global restrictions on business outsourcing, and border tensions with China, India revived its Swadeshi (ethnic) dream of Mahatma Gandhi. The Government launched Atmanirbhar Bharat Mission to boost MSMEs and thrust indigenous industries and processes to reduce our foreign nations resilience. Indian government policies are favourable because they have committed $50 billion to help small businesses survive and provide low-income workers with a $266 billion stimulus package of around two percent of Indias annual economic output. Aatmanirbharta which means self-reliance, has been chosen by Oxford Languages as its Hindi word of the year 2020 as it authenticated the everyday achievements of the countless Indians who survived the perils of a pandemic, as stated in one of the popular daily newspaper. The paper focuses on the issues and challenges faced by MSMEs in India due to the pandemic. Further, an analysis of changes in MSME definition presented in the Union Budget 2021 and various policy interventions by the Government and their impact on reviving in the MSME sector is presented. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Uncovering User Attitudes and Satisfaction Levels with HRMS Applications: Insights from Sentiment Analysis
This study examines employee perspectives on various features and specifications of Human Resource Management System (HRMS) applications, as expressed in online discussion boards. An in-depth literature review was conducted to identify key factors, followed by topic modeling on unstructured text data. Sentiment analysis using the Li-Hu method and a tweet profile helped gauge employee satisfaction with HRMS applications. The findings suggest a moderate level of satisfaction among users, offering insights for companies to enhance user interfaces and software development. By addressing negative attitudes and fostering positive ones, businesses can cultivate better relationships with users. This research also aids in identifying top-performing HRMS applications in the market, highlighting the features and specifications that set them apart from competitors. Overall, the study serves as a valuable resource for organizations aiming to improve their HRMS offerings and user experiences. 2024 IEEE. -
Uncovering the sustainability reporting: bibliometric analysis and future research directions
In the past two decades, corporate sustainability reporting has witnessed tremendous growth and garnered a lot of attention among scholars, and practitioners around the world. It is no longer a matter of choice for companies due to immense pressure from various stakeholders to adopt sustainability practices. This article aims to analyze key research themes in Sustainability Reporting and its disclosure from 2002 to 2022, assess their impact, track field evolution, and identify emerging areas for future study. The data have been collected from the SCOPUS database using relevant keywords and utilized VOSviewer and Biblioshiny tools for bibliometric analysis, including citation trends, authorship patterns, and keyword frequency. This study reveals a surge in scholarly literature since 2012, with prominent clusters in sustainable development, sustainability, decision-making, and stakeholder engagement. CSR emerges as the dominant keyword. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of existing scholarly work in the field of sustainability reporting, highlights emerging trends, and suggests future research directions in corporate sustainability. It also provides practical implications for organizations, policymakers, and stakeholders, bridging the theorypractice gap and enhancing researchs practical value. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2023. -
Unconventional Adjudication: Promise of Blockchain-Based Dispute Resolution
Blockchain technology is called disruptive technology. In the 1990s, the internet had the potential to revolutionize the entire industrial sector in the same way blockchain technology will change the face of society in the 2000s. Blockchain is the technology that also provides a platform for dispute resolution via smart contracts. The technology aims to create an anonymous and decentralized platform for transactions that do not require any state monitoring or intermediary. Blockchain is a decentralized network that generates an immutable record of transactions. A smart contract is a self-executing software application that executes a function automatically. When the prerequisites are met, the contract automatically takes effect. Blockchain-based dispute resolution (BDR) platforms provide services to resolve disputes resulting from blockchain and smart contract transactions, as well as traditional disputes unrelated to blockchain transactions. Blockchain-based DAO (decentralized autonomous organizations) are established, which are used to settle healthcare-related disputes between doctors, patients, insurance claims, etc. The blockchain platform offers unconventional processes for adjudication that are also distinct, unstructured, and unregulated. The platforms do not adhere to the accepted norms of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) and online dispute resolution (ODR) systems, raising concerns about the platforms authenticity and legitimacy, as well as the need for regulation. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the application of blockchain technology in dispute resolution and to comprehend regulatory issues. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Dr. Javaid Iqbal, Dr. Alwi M. Bamhdi, Dr. Bilal Ahmad Pandow, and Dr. Faheem Syeed Masoodi; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Unbalanced Dataset Preprocessing Using Hybrid Combination Algorithm for Arrhythmia Detection
Nowadays timely vaticination of cardiovascular conditions with the aid of a computer-backed opinion system minimizes the mortality. Cardiac arrhythmia discovery is one of the most grueling tasks because the variations of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal are veritably slight, which can not be recognized by mortal eyes. The data set under disquisition in this work is taken from the well-known Arrhythmia Dataset, which is codified into different classes. The correct identification of the health condition can lead to an easier, more effective, and less precious reclamation. This proffered study incorporates times of exploration on arrhythmia discovery exercising coincidental technologies. This project addresses the challenge of class imbalance in the analysis of arrhythmia data, utilizing hybrid combination of thr?? approaches like Tomek Links, RUSBoost Classifier, and ADASYN. Here, used the hybrid combination of these three methods.The study commences with data preprocessing, including the loading and preparation of the dataset. Feature extraction and label separation are performed to enable further analysis. Subsequently, resolve th? dataset into groups of testing and training to facilitate robust model valuation. Additionally, this article provides a thorough analysis of new preprocessing model approaches for diagnosing heart disease. By comparing the performance of th?s? methods, this research contributes to th? development of robust and accurate arrhythmia classification models, with potential applications in clinical diagnostics and healthcare decision support systems. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Ultraviolet variability in radio-loud active galactic nuclei observed by UVIT onboard AstroSat
Radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN) are among the most luminous objects in the Universe, emitting radiation from low-energy radio waves to high energy ? -rays. They are well known to exhibit flux variations at nearly all accessible wavelengths. However, their variability properties in the ultraviolet (UV) band remain relatively less explored compared to other wavebands. Here, we present the results of a systematic investigation of the UV flux and spectral variability characteristics of 24 radio-loud AGN spanning the redshift range 0.018 ? z ? 2.218. The sample comprises 17 BL Lac objects, 6 flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and one radio-loud narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxy. We used observations obtained with the Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) onboard AstroSat during its first ten years of operation, covering both the far-UV (FUV; 1300 - 1800 and near-UV (NUV; 2000 - 3000 bands. Of the 24 sources analysed, 18 showed significant UV variability on hour timescales. We found a bluer when brighter (BWB) spectral trend in two sources: the FSRQ CTA 102 and the BL Lac PKS 0447 - 439. The observed UV variability in our sample of radio-loud AGN, together with the BWB trend detected in these two sources, supports a scenario in which the hour timescale UV variations are driven by intrinsic processes within their relativistic jets. 2026 Elsevier B.V.