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Epigenetic Mechanisms Induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Promote Its Survival in the Host
Tuberculosis caused by the obligate intracellular pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one among the prime causes of death worldwide. An urgent remedy against tuberculosis is of paramount importance in the current scenario. However, the complex nature of this appalling disease contributes to the limitations of existing medications. The quest for better treatment approaches is driving the research in the field of host epigenomics forward in context with tuberculosis. The interplay between various host epigenetic factors and the pathogen is under investigation. A comprehensive understanding of how Mycobacterium tuberculosis orchestrates such epigenetic factors and favors its survival within the host is in increasing demand. The modifications beneficial to the pathogen are reversible and possess the potential to be better targets for various therapeutic approaches. The mechanisms, including histone modifications, DNA methylation, and miRNA modification, are being explored for their impact on pathogenesis. In this article, we are deciphering the role of mycobacterial epigenetic regulators on various strategies like cytokine expression, macrophage polarization, autophagy, and apoptosis, along with a glimpse of the potential of host-directed therapies. 2024 by the authors. -
Epidemiological Transition in India and Determinants that Are Shifting Disease Burden: A Systematic Review
Indias disease burden patterns are shifting towards increased morbidity and mortality from Non-communicable disease and chronic diseases. This is one of the first studies conducted using the PRISMA guidelines and checklist to understand the role played by various determinants of health in this epidemiological transition happening in India. The search on 9 reputed bibliographic databases yielded 459 articles and finally 58 articles were selected based on carefully curated selection criteria. The results confirm the relation between India's demographic transition and the increasing disease burden from Non-communicable diseases (NCDs). 21 studies significantly associated urban residential status, increasing income, better living conditions and education with increasing NCDs' prevalence. 12 studies found that NCDs were more prevalent among women than men. Increased physical activity, a healthy diet and a lower hipto-waist ratio were observed to protect against NCDs. While 9 studies found smoking tobacco and alcohol consumption were not significantly associated with the prevalence of NCDs. It is of foremost importance that Indias public health policy focus must shift towards inclusivity as there is an affluent gradient to the increased morbidity and mortality from NCDs. Copyright2024 by authors, all rights reserved. -
Epidemic Prediction using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models on COVID-19 Data
A catastrophic epidemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus, commonly recognised as COVID-19, introduced a worldwide vulnerability to human community. All nations around the world are making enormous effort to tackle the outbreak towards this deadly virus through various aspects such as technology, economy, relevant data, protective gear, lives-risk medications and all other instruments. The artificial intelligence-based researchers apply knowledge, experience and skill set on national level data to create computational and statistical models for investigating such a pandemic condition. In order to make a contribution to this worldwide human community, this paper recommends using machine-learning and deep-learning models to understand its daily accelerating actions together with predicting the future reachability of COVID-19 across nations by using the real-time information from the Johns Hopkins dashboard. In this work, a novel Exponential Smoothing Long-Short-Term Memory Networks Model (ESLSTM) learning model is proposed to predict the virus spread in the near future. The results are evaluated using RMSE and R-Squared values. 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
EPCAEnhanced Principal Component Analysis for Medical Data Dimensionality Reduction
Innovations in technology from thelast one decade have led to the generation of colossal amounts of medical data with comparably low cost. Medical data should be collected with utmost care. Sometimes, the data have high features but not all the features play an important role in drawing the relations to the mining task. For the training of machine learning algorithms, all the attributes in the data set are not relevant. Some of the characteristics may be negligible and some characteristics may not influence the outcome of the forecast. The pressure on machine learning algorithms can be minimized by ignoring or taking out the irrelevant attributes. Reducing the attributes must be done at the risk of information loss. In this research work, an Enhanced Principal Component Analysis (EPCA) is proposed, which reduces the dimensions of the medical dataset and takes paramount care of not losing important information, thereby achieving good and enhanced outcomes. The prominent dimensionality reduction techniques such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Partial Least Squares (PLS), Random Forest, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree and the proposed EPCA are investigated on the following Machine Learning (ML) algorithms: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Nae Bayes (NB) and Ensemble ANN (EANN) using statistical metrics such as F1 score, precision, accuracy and recall. To optimize the distribution of the data in the low-dimensional representation, EPCA directly mapped the data to a space with fewer dimensions. This is a result of feature correlation, which made it easier to recognize patterns. Additionally, because the dataset under consideration was multicollinear, EPCA aided in speeding computation by lowering the data's dimensionality and therebyenhancedthe classification model's accuracy. Due to these reasons, the experimental results showed that the proposed EPCA dimensionality reduction technique performed better when compared with other models. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Enzyme immobilized conducting polymer-based biosensor for the electrochemical determination of the eco-toxic pollutant p-nonylphenol
The unbridled release of harmful endocrine disruptors (EDs) into the environment is deteriorating human and animal health. A facile and efficacious biosensor was developed by immobilizing laccase over electropolymerized poly anthranilic acid on a carbon fiber paper (CFP) electrode, Lac/PAA/CFP for the detection of p-nonylphenol (PNP). PNP is a persistent phenolic endocrine disruptor and a harmful eco-toxic pollutant. Physico-chemical and electrochemical characterization of the fabricated electrode was carried out to study the modification of the Lac/PAA/CFP electrode. Cyclic voltammetric studies divulged that the prepared sensor has catalytic activity approximately twice greater than that of the bare CFP electrode. The influence of pH and scan rate was scrutinized for the modified electrode. Under optimized conditions differential pulse voltammetric studies were used for the quantification and the results revealed that the biosensor has a low limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.74 nM and 5 Nm, respectively with a broad linear dynamic range of 5250 nM. In the presence of interferants, the developed biosensor exhibited good selectivity toward the electrochemical detection of PNP. Molecular docking studies carried out revealed the hydrogen bonding interaction of the Asn264 residue of laccase Trametes versicolor. Further, the fabricated biosensor was accessed for its practicality in real samples collected from tap water and lake water. 2023 Elsevier Ltd -
Enzyme immobilization on biomass-derived carbon materials as a sustainable approach towards environmental applications
Enzymes with their environment-friendly nature and versatility have become highly important green tools with a wide range of applications. Enzyme immobilization has further increased the utility and efficiency of these enzymes by improving their stability, reusability, and recyclability. Biomass-derived matrices when used for enzyme immobilization offer a sustainable solution to environmental pollution and fuel depletion at low costs. Biochar and other biomass-derived carbon materials obtained are suitable for the immobilization of enzymes through different immobilization strategies. Environmental pollution has become an utmost topic of research interest due to an ever-increasing trend being observed in anthropogenic activities. This has widely contributed to the release of various toxic effluents into the environment in their native or metabolized forms. Therefore, more focus is being directed toward the utilization of immobilized enzymes in the bioremediation of water and soil, biofuel production, and other environmental applications. In this review, up-to-date literature concerning the immobilization and potential uses of enzymes immobilized on biomass-derived carbon materials has been presented. 2022 Elsevier Ltd -
Enzyme based bioelectrocatalysis over laccase immobilized poly-thiophene supported carbon fiber paper for the oxidation of D-ribofuranose to D-ribonolactone /
Molecular Catalysis, Vol.524, ISSN No: 2468-8231.
A modified electrode based on laccase immobilized poly-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid supported on carbon fiber paper was developed for the electrocatalytic oxidation of D-ribofuranose to otherwise difficult-to-access D-ribonolactone, a precursor for C-nucleoside based drug like Remdesivir. The electrochemical oxidation of D-ribofuranose was achieved by the TEMPO-mediated electrochemical process. The experimental parameters were optimized and validated using Design of Experiment (DoE) statistical tool indicating the concentration of TEMPO and stirring as important parameters in bulk electrolysis. -
Enzyme based bioelectrocatalysis over laccase immobilized poly-thiophene supported carbon fiber paper for the oxidation of D-ribofuranose to D-ribonolactone
A modified electrode based on laccase immobilized poly-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid supported on carbon fiber paper was developed for the electrocatalytic oxidation of D-ribofuranose to otherwise difficult-to-access D-ribonolactone, a precursor for C-nucleoside based drug like Remdesivir. The electrochemical oxidation of D-ribofuranose was achieved by the TEMPO-mediated electrochemical process. The experimental parameters were optimized and validated using Design of Experiment (DoE) statistical tool indicating the concentration of TEMPO and stirring as important parameters in bulk electrolysis. The mechanism for the electrochemical oxidation of D-ribofuronose followed single electron anodic oxidation of TEMPO mediated by laccase to the corresponding oxoammonium nitrosonium species which was vital for the mediated electrochemical oxidation. The mechanism for the electrochemical oxidation was established using cyclic voltammetry and computational studies. The plausible interactions of laccase enzyme with TEMPO mediator were studied using molecular docking experiments. This facile method was successfully applied for the oxidation of D-ribofuranose to D-ribonolactone. 2022 -
Envisioning the potential of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in Health Care Management
Natural Language Processing (NLP) continues to play a strategic role in disease detection, intensive care, drug discovery and control of mushrooming infections during the current pandemic. It energizes chat programs to reduce outbreaks during the initial stages of coronavirus infection. NLP technologies have reached new heights in terms of utility, and are at the heart of the success of a multilingual conversation system, and Deep learning language models. It supports more languages around the world. NLP powered AI such as Health map and Copweb platforms track patient requests and perform incident detections. This study looks at the role of NLP and its technologies, challenges, and future possibilities using AI and machine learning for crisis mitigation and easier electronic health records (EHRs) maintenance in the health care industry. This research work explores the strategic approach and potential of NLP which maximizes the value of the EHR and healthcare data, making data a critical and trusted component in improving health outcomes 2021 IEEE. -
Envisaging an Intelligent Blockchain Network by Intelligence Sharing
Blockchain Technology is gaining popularity throughout various industry verticals due to its data decentralization and tamper-evident nature. Machine Learning (ML) is all about embedding a learning capability to computing machines so that the machine can learn based on historical data in a way how human beings learn things. An important part of ML is the process of learning which needs humongous processing capability and hence it is time-consuming. Significant benefits have been predicted from the integration of these two technologies. Making a complete blockchain network intelligent in a simple and efficient way is a major challenge. In this work, a Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) model is implanted in every node of the blockchain network. An efficient technique is proposed to make an intelligent blockchain network in minimum possible time and using minimum processing power. During the network formation, every node of the network has knowledge of the model architecture. At some point in time, the model of the randomly selected node gets trained. After completion of the training of that node, the intelligence is replicated to the entire network. 2022 IEEE. -
Environmentally sustainable zinc oxide nanoparticles for improved hazardous textile dye removal from water bodies
A sustainable, affordable, and cost-effective method was developed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (SB-ZnO-NPs) using leaf extracts of Strobilanthes barbatus. The synthesized SB-ZnO-NPs displayed an absorbance maximum at 359 nm with a band gap of 3.24 eV. The average diameter of the SB-ZnO-NPs, as determined by FESEM analysis, was 84.23 nm. The particles had nearly spherical morphologies. By using FTIR analysis, it was established that functional groups played a part in the formation of SB-ZnO-NPs. Reactive Yellow 86 (RY-86) and Reactive Yellow 145 (RY-145) textile dyes were degraded by SB-ZnO-NPs under the impact of UV irradiation, and the degradation rates were 87.50 and 91.11%, respectively, in 320 min. When dye solutions treated with SB-ZnO-NPs were tested for phytotoxicity, the results showed a sharp decline in the effectiveness of the inhibition compared to dye effluents. The synthesised SB-ZnO-NPs can, therefore, be employed as a substitute potential catalyst for the breakdown of textile colours both before and after release into water bodies. 2023 The Author. -
Environmentally Sustainable Event Management for Industry Innovations and Growth
This chapter investigates the convergence of event management operations and sustainable practices to guide their function of stimulating innovation and development within the event management sector. With increasing necessity, sustainability becomes central and unavoidable to the world economy, and event professionals are increasingly embracing green practices in order to minimize environmental footprints while enhancing overall experiences for attendees. This chapter gives an extensive overview of important sustainability concepts, energy efficiency, sustainable procurement and encompassing waste minimization and outlines their dayto-day applicability in the planning, staging and post-event assessment of events It also centers the role of stakeholder engagement, ranging from suppliers through to guests, in influencing sustainable action. The chapter ends with suggesting future research directions for embedding sustainability into event management, focusing on the imperative of innovation, cooperation, and constant industry-wide dedication to protecting the planet. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Environmentally responsible behaviour among the teachers: role of gratitude and perceived social responsibility
Purpose: Based upon the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, this study aims to assess the role of perceived social responsibility (PSR) in mediating the relationship between gratitude and environmentally responsible behaviour (ERB) among teachers. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected, following a correlational design, from a total of 292 school teachers in Kerala state, India. In total, 256 data were taken for final analysis. Out of the total participants, 63.3% were female and the remaining 36.7% were male. Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to verify the factor structure and discriminant as well as convergent validity of the study variables. The relationship between gratitude and ERB with mediating role of PSR was tested. Findings: The mediation analysis output revealed that PSR fully mediates the effect of gratitude on ERB, and it is concluded from the findings of the study that ERB can be enhanced by humanizing the citizens to integrate social responsibility in their acts and promoting the significance of having positive emotions like gratitude to widen their thoughtaction repertoires. Research limitations/implications: In line with the broaden-and-build theory, a positive state of mental faculty can be a prime facilitator to increase concern for green environments as an outcome of an expanded thoughtaction repertoire. The findings imply the importance of inculcating enduring personal resources like the sense of gratefulness as it weighs the effect of producing altruistic acts like ERB along with many other benefits associated with having a positive emotion which is obviously considered to be a fair contribution to serve social resources in the community. Social implications: The study findings can be an inspiration for the formation of policies to encourage pro-environmental behaviour and to further expansion of policies like national education policy of India. As teachers being the facilitators of knowledge and wisdom, they are potential sources to inspire students to practice healthy behaviours, they can be better models by practicing ERB. Originality/value: The authors have verified the application of broaden-and-build theory of positive emotion in the context of ERB along with identifying its relationship with gratitude and PSR. 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Environmentally conscious synthesis of novel pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines via ternary deep eutectic solvents
Pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine and its analogues have gained considerable courtesy because of their diverse biological functions and wide-ranging applications, from pharmaceutical agents to essential natural pigments. However, synthesising pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine with multiple reactants is challenging and requires advanced green chemistry solutions. This study investigates the generation of thirteen new pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine analogues through a single-step, open-flask, multicomponent reaction (MCR) strategy involving aldehydes, phenylhydrazine, ethyl acetoacetate, and barbituric acid via deep eutectic solvents (DES). These DESs serve as environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional solvents. A ternary deep eutectic solvent (TDES) was evaluated for its catalytic solvent activity among ten different formulations. TDES-7 (5 mL) demonstrated the best performance, achieving 95 % product formation within 30 min at room temperature. Its remarkable catalytic activity and ability to produce high yields across multiple reaction cycles make it a standout choice for this application. The collaboration between MCR and TDES underscores an important blend of two significant green aspects, demonstrating their potential to achieve a green and productive sustainable synthesis method with an noble E-factor of 0.1236. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Environmentally conscious synthesis of novel pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines via ternary deep eutectic solvents
Pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine and its analogues have gained considerable courtesy because of their diverse biological functions and wide-ranging applications, from pharmaceutical agents to essential natural pigments. However, synthesising pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine with multiple reactants is challenging and requires advanced green chemistry solutions. This study investigates the generation of thirteen new pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine analogues through a single-step, open-flask, multicomponent reaction (MCR) strategy involving aldehydes, phenylhydrazine, ethyl acetoacetate, and barbituric acid via deep eutectic solvents (DES). These DESs serve as environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional solvents. A ternary deep eutectic solvent (TDES) was evaluated for its catalytic solvent activity among ten different formulations. TDES-7 (5 mL) demonstrated the best performance, achieving 95 % product formation within 30 min at room temperature. Its remarkable catalytic activity and ability to produce high yields across multiple reaction cycles make it a standout choice for this application. The collaboration between MCR and TDES underscores an important blend of two significant green aspects, demonstrating their potential to achieve a green and productive sustainable synthesis method with an noble E-factor of 0.1236. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Environmental value development among preadolescents: a content analysis of reflective responses
Addressing the environmentally detrimental values prevalent in society in the context of rapid climate change is the need of the hour. Combining empathy with cognitive skills such as reflective thinking effectively creates new values among people. The present study attempts to reveal the pattern of environmental value development among 33 preadolescents by reflecting upon the empathy-generating story experiences and the related contents. The study is part of a more extensive quasi-experimental study, and it specifically performs a content analysis on the participants responses in their workbooks. Biospheric nature-related values are the most highly developed, and social justice is the least developed value, implying the need to focus more on the value of social justice. Stories are aids, and reflective thinking and empathetic elicitation are effective techniques for passing environmental values. Empathy generation instead of negative emotions from self-concern and emotion regulation through reflective thinking may be helpful to promote well-being in the context of climate change. Reflective thinking helps environmental value development by enhancing comprehension, emotion regulation, and self-awareness of values, implying a shift from telling the moral of a story to exploring the same through reflective thinking. 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Environmental value development among preadolescents: a content analysis of reflective responses
Addressing the environmentally detrimental values prevalent in society in the context of rapid climate change is the need of the hour. Combining empathy with cognitive skills such as reflective thinking effectively creates new values among people. The present study attempts to reveal the pattern of environmental value development among 33 preadolescents by reflecting upon the empathy-generating story experiences and the related contents. The study is part of a more extensive quasi-experimental study, and it specifically performs a content analysis on the participants responses in their workbooks. Biospheric nature-related values are the most highly developed, and social justice is the least developed value, implying the need to focus more on the value of social justice. Stories are aids, and reflective thinking and empathetic elicitation are effective techniques for passing environmental values. Empathy generation instead of negative emotions from self-concern and emotion regulation through reflective thinking may be helpful to promote well-being in the context of climate change. Reflective thinking helps environmental value development by enhancing comprehension, emotion regulation, and self-awareness of values, implying a shift from telling the moral of a story to exploring the same through reflective thinking. 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Environmental Sustainability in Tourism : Developing Green Service Transportation Intiatives in Karnataka
Environmental sustainability in transportation aims to decrease carbon emissions and preserve resources, while ensuring that the rise of tourism is in harmony with ecological preservation. Adopting sustainable mobility in ecotourism destinations entails utilizing renewable energy sources and enhancing green transport systems, thereby benefiting both environmental preservation and visitor contentment. This study investigates the dynamics of green transportation practices within the context of ecotourism destinations, focusing on Karnataka, India. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative surveys with newlinequalitative interviews of tourism logistics service providers. Through exploratory factor analysis, the study identifies key factors influencing green initiatives, drivers, and challenges faced by tourism logistics service providers. Hypothesis testing and path analysis affirm the relationships among internal initiatives, external drivers, challenges, and environmental sustainability newlineperception. The qualitative analysis extracts insights from tourism logistics service providers, tourism stakeholders revealing diverse perspectives on progress, green initiatives, challenges, and government support. The study concludes with a roadmap for sustainable tourism development, emphasizing policy formulation, feasibility assessment, stakeholder collaboration, newlineand tourist education. The implications and recommendations underscore the need for ongoing government intervention, infrastructure development, and community engagement to foster a holistic and sustainable approach to green transportation in ecotourism destinations. -
Environmental sustainability and management (ES & EM) practices among Service Sector Institutions in Kathmandu, Nepal
Environmental sustainability (ES) emerged in response to the felt negative consequences of overexploitation of the environment and natural resources. ES has gained momentum in recent decades in areas of social policy, means of production, development, economy and everyday individual behaviours. The drive towards ES has been firmly based in scientific research which has been dominated by Western developed countries. For a tiny developing country like Nepal, its overall contribution to global environmental pollution and degradation is minimal; however, it has been disproportionately negatively affected by global warming, pollution, etc. There is sparse research on the various measures or state of environmental sustainability standards, policies or behaviours in Nepal. In this quantitative cross-sectional study, five types of Service Sector Institutions (SSI) from Kathmandu, Nepal were studied for their environmental sustainability (ES) and environment management (EM) measures in place at their facilities. SSIs were chosen because they have the distinct characteristic of being directly involved with large sections of populations, and hence hold the potential to pioneer innovative and effective solutions towards fostering environmental sustainability. ES was defined in terms of three measures related to sustainable freshwater use, energy use and waste management. The measures for EM included organizational capacity building and attitudes towards ES. Data was collected directly from representatives of the SSIs through self-report interviews or forms. The 104 SSIs included 25 schools, 26 restaurants, 16 hotels/lodges, 18 banks and 17 health care organizations. Based on frequency distributions and ANOVA tests, it was found that the overall extent of ES and EM practices among the 102 SSIs was dismally low in Kathmandu, Nepal. As given in the figure, educational institutions performed significantly better across all five ES and EM measures indicating highest prevalence of sustainability measures and practices. Banks performed significantly worst across all categories compared to the four other SSIs, indicating least amount of efforts in ES and EM. All five measures of environmental sustainability (ES) and environmental management (EM) were also strongly positively correlated amongst each other. A huge amount of effort is still required to revamp the existing ES and EM policies and organizational norms in Nepal. Moreover, it remaining challenging to change peoples attitudes and behaviours in order to effect lasting positive changes in the future and conserve the local environment better. The Author(s) 2025. -
Environmental sensors: Safeguarding the ecosystem by monitoring sanitary pad disposal
This chapter focuses on the applications of environmental sensors in general and their role in identifying and addressing the issues related to the improper disposal of sanitary pads, which is a growing concern. It also gives an overview of the pollutants associated with it, and the role that environmental sensors can play in mitigating this problem. By harnessing the power of advanced sensing technologies, we can gain a better understanding of the environmental impact of sanitary pad disposal and work towards sustainable solutions. This chapter aims to provide valuable insights and guidance for researchers and practitioners working to create a cleaner and healthier environment and generate self-awareness for individuals in safeguarding ecosystem. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.