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Object Detection Framework for Identifying Suspicious Items in School Environments using YOLOv8
The issue of unattended bags, metallic items, and concealed weapons at schools has made school safety a growing issue worldwide. This paper presents a software-driven, deep learning framework, implementing automatic identification of suspicious items within a school environment, using the new YOLOv8 neural net architecture. A proprietary 5,000 image dataset of simulated school corridors and classrooms, with 5 annotated threat classes, was developed. The system attained a mAP of 95.6%, precision of 96.8%, and recall of 94.5%, with 38 fps inference speed using a single GPU. YOLOv5 and Faster RCNN comparisons showed a mAP improvement of 12-15%, along with nearly 2x faster frame throughput for the proposed approach YOLOv8, resulting in lower latency and faster responsiveness. The system works in a real-time framework, producing annotated alert logs and frames with mAP scores above 0.5. Experiments conducted with different levels of clutter and illumination show the system has sufficient robustness for school surveillance use cases. 2025 IEEE. -
Object Detection with Augmented Reality
This study describes an artificial intelligence (AI)-based object identification system for detecting real-world items and superimposing digital information in Augmented Reality (AR) settings. The system evaluates the camera stream from an AR device for real-Time recognition using deep learning algorithms trained on a collection of real-world items and their related digital information. Object recognition applications in AR include gaming, education, and marketing, which provide immersive experiences, interactive learning, and better product presentations, respectively. However, challenges such as acquiring larger and more diverse datasets, developing robust deep learning algorithms for varying conditions, and optimizing performance on resource-constrained devices remain. The AI-based object recognition system demonstrates the potential to transform AR experiences across domains, while emphasizing the need for ongoing research and development to fully realize its capabilities. 2023 IEEE. -
Objectification of women in songs of movies made by V Ravichandran /
V Ravichandran is one of the most popular actor and director in the Kannada film industry who has made several successful films. He is notable for bringing the element of objectification of women in his movies. This paper tries to analyze the way V Ravichandran uses objectification of women to highlight the problems women face in the society. -
Occupancy improvement in serviced apartments: Customer profiling
Sustaining and improving higher occupancy and generating steady revenue by bringing the experience of Home away from Homefor the Customers is the business model of ServicedApartments Industry. Serviced Apartment Industry has to be highly competitive. Its performance is governed by many factors such as competition, technology, social factors and lastly Customers themselves. This study focuses only on Customer profile. To achieve results, the Serviced Apartment Owners/Managers will need to study Customers profile and their needs. Customer satisfaction and retention lead to better customer loyalty, occupancy rates, and revenue. In this paper a methodological framework to analyze and profile Serviced Apartment Customers is discussed, focusing on the factors and particularly the Customer information which could help in increasing the Occupancy. There is a trend that would normally go unnoticed if analysis of data is taken at the aggregate level but looking at them individually, it provides interesting information. 2012 Taylor & Francis Group, London. -
Occupancy improvement in serviced apartments: Customer profiling
Sustaining and improving higher occupancy and generating steady revenue by bringing the experience of 'Home away from Home'for the Customers is the business model of ServicedApartments Industry. Serviced Apartment Industry has to be highly competitive. Its performance is governed by many factors such as competition, technology, social factors and lastly Customers themselves. This study focuses only on Customer profile. To achieve results, the Serviced Apartment Owners/Managers will need to study Customers' profile and their needs. Customer satisfaction and retention lead to better customer loyalty, occupancy rates, and revenue. In this paper a methodological framework to analyze and profile Serviced Apartment Customers is discussed, focusing on the factors and particularly the Customer information which could help in increasing the Occupancy. There is a trend that would normally go unnoticed if analysis of data is taken at the aggregate level but looking at them individually, it provides interesting information. 2012 Taylor & Francis Group. -
Occupancy Monitoring to Prevent Spread of COVID-19 in Public Places Using AI
The chapter aims to automate the counting of people for occupancy monitoring and send an alert email if the occupancy exceeds the defined threshold in case of restricted occupancy guidelines. The study aims to reduce the manual error, effort, and time for people counting and provide a tool for footfall analysis. We propose and implement an occupancy monitoring system by counting the number of people entering and exiting a building/room using cameras and machine learning (ML) algorithms. The Single Shot Detector (SSD) algorithm, which is based on the MobileNet architecture, is used. This project provides an effective process for execution using either a recorded video file or a live stream from a camera. As the system automates counting people, it reduces human effort and error. It provides accurate results on time. The project can be implemented anywhere using a laptop and a camera for capturing the video. Thus, it provides high portability of the project. The system can leverage pre-installed CCTV cameras and systems in colleges, malls, offices, etc. Thus, it requires less additional expenses and is economically friendly for the organization/decision-making authority. This chapter includes implications for various use cases such as ensuring adherence to COVID-19 guidelines by organizations, streamlining janitorial services, prevention of stampedes, improving indoor air quality, improving electricity efficiency, etc. This project fulfills an identified need to automate the people counting process and generate alerts accordingly. 2025 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. -
Occupants perspective on building maintenance and workers maintenance performance in residential buildings - An empirical study
The entire life cycle of a building involves planning, design, construction, occupancy, operation, maintenance, demolition and removal of wastes. Maintenance is a never ending process in the life cycle of buildings which plays an essential role in building operation. To meet the changing needs of building construction, environment and technology, building maintenance is essential for improving the performance of buildings and for retaining the value and service life of buildings. The main purpose of this study is to establish a sound maintenance strategy for improving the building maintenance services in the areas of Tanjore district, Tamil Nadu which helps to improve occupants satisfaction to a desired level. The present study focuses on the factors influencing building maintenance and assessment of performance of building maintenance service providers. This study attempts to identify the parameters that strengthens and weakens the performance of building maintenance from the occupants perspective. An extensive survey has been conducted with 104 occupants who are residing in pertinent areas of Tanjore in order to determine the predominant factors that have causation effect on building maintenance and workers performance from the perspective of occupants. The research findings indicated that there exists a positive significant correlation exists statistically between performance of maintenance workers and effective functioning of residential buildings for comfort living of occupants. Serials Publications Pvt. Ltd. -
OCCUPATIONAL AND DIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE: UNLOCKING TALENT IN THE DIGITAL ERA
innovations, and their implications for talent management and organizational success. Design/methodology/approach: This chapter guides the shaping of future research agendas by converting qualitative analysis into empirical and quantitative analysis, laying the foundation for integrating the concepts of OQ and DQ within the proposed conceptual framework to retain talent in the digital era. The current chapter follows a narrative review approach to synthesize the existing literature. Findings: The current chapter highlights the role of OQ and DQ in the digital era, as well as their key elements, which will empower various stakeholders with actionable insights. It offers valuable insights as a benchmark for strategic decision-making for meaningful work that would result in effective organizational development (ODV). Introduction: In todays workplace culture, organizations, and HR professionals have a strong case for embracing diversity and inclusion (D&I) to enhance talent management. Occupational intelligence (OQ), when linked with diversity intelligence (DQ), can pave the way for effective individual development and organizational success. When integrated with the expanding use of artificial intelligence (AI), the synergy between these two carries the potential for creating future-ready workplaces. Purpose: Several studies highlight the role of emotional, social, cultural, and workplace intelligence and their impact on occupational success. There has been a conspicuous absence of studies that unravel the evolution of OQ and the future scope of integration with DQ in the digitalized world, which needs attention. Scope: The study would deepen the understanding of the evolving landscape of OQ and DQ, as well as industry trends and Individual chapters 2026 The authors. -
Occupational Exposure to Cooking Oil Fumes : Biochemical, Cytogenetic and Molecular Signatures
Occupational exposure to Cooking Oil Fumes (COFs) is a widespread concern in the newlineculinary industry, and it has raised significant health apprehensions due to its potential adverse effects on individuals working in kitchens. This current research presents a comprehensive analysis of the biochemical, cytogenetic, and molecular analysis observed in individuals exposed to COFs in their workplace. The study employed a cross-sectional approach, involving a cohort of kitchen personnel working in diverse culinary settings. Biochemical assessments focused on analyzing blood parameters, such as lipid profiles, liver enzymes, and markers of oxidative stress, to gauge the impact of COFs on the participants systemic health. Cytogenetic investigations encompassed the assessment of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes, shedding light on potential genotoxicity associated with COF exposure. Moreover, molecular analyses involved the examination of ApoE and BMAL1 gene expression patterns related to inflammation, oxidative stress response, and detoxification pathways also this aspect aimed to uncover the newlineunderlying molecular mechanisms influenced by COFs. Preliminary results suggest a significant association between COF exposure and alterations in biochemical parameters, newlineparticularly an increase in oxidative stress markers and changes in lipid profiles, indicative of potential cardiovascular risks. Cytogenetic assessments revealed an elevated frequency of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei formation, highlighting genotoxic effects linked to COF exposure. Molecular investigations demonstrated differential expression patterns of ApoE and BMAL1 genes involved in inflammation and oxidative stress responses, further corroborating the adverse effects of COFs on cellular processes. The findings of this research underscore the importance of addressing occupational exposure to COFs and implementing appropriate safety measures in cooking area. -
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Occupational stress and psychological wellbeing during COVID 19: Mediating role of positive psychological capital
The COVID 19 pandemic has challenged the humankinds livelihood, physical health, mental health, employment, and economy. Lockdowns, quarantines, online teaching, and learning have become new normal. Negativities have been spread across the globe and society by the pandemic. The negative effects caused a confused mindset, fear, anxiety, stress, and other psychological complications amongst the people especially among the Health Care Workers (HCWs), children, elderly people, and Frontline Workers (FLWs). This research work examines the levels of Occupational Stress (OS), and psychological well-being (PWB) of HCWs and police personnel during the pandemic and the relationship between OS and PWB. Further, the study analyzed the role of Positive Psychological Capital (PPC) as a mediator and Emotional Quotient (EQ) as a moderator in the relationship between OS and PWB. Positive Psychological Capital (PPC) characteristics of the respondents such as having faith in one's ability, and performance, willingness to succeed or attain the goals framed, ability to bounce back from the hard times, and their optimism about the future have helped them to tackle the stress caused by the pandemic and to maintain a better state of psychological wellbeing in the fight against the pandemic. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Occupational stress: A pre and post COVID-19 perspective on teaching personnel in higher education institutions of India
The COVID-19 as a catalytic phenomenon exposes many loop holes in the socio-economic sustainability of business and society. It exposed people to different occupational stressors and anxiety. This study was focused on occupational stress of teaching personnel in higher education institutions (HEIs), in both pre and post COVID-19 scenario. Descriptive analysis shows work autonomy, career progression, community membership, work conditions, and freedom to use own judgements are major stressors to to HEI teachers in the post COVID-19 scenario. Inferential evaluation has confirmed that Job security, social service, and creativity are major concerns to HEI teachers. They experience limitations to try their own ways of doing job. 2021 Ecological Society of India. All rights reserved. -
Occupational Stress: A Review of Police Narrative
Cambridge research suggests that 90% of police officers have responded to being exposed to trauma and one out of five to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In India, trauma among the emblem of manpower is still a word of fancy or rather cowardly in the twenty-first century. So, to apply the seminal concept in Indian police, the phrase Occupational Stress is somehow better suited even though police experience the gruesomeness of death, suffering, and cruelty closer than many professions. The medics and police see the teething reality of biopolitics that can surely leave a permanent scar in the individual memory. Soft-skill training is a modern solution, and the awareness is spreading worldwide. Occupational stress is a collective state where several contributing factors cause a sense of anxiety and trauma in the subject. In police, it is caused by public rage toward the institution, their hues and cries, the departmental pressure following the chain of command, and an undeniable political influence. The mighty law-keepers might seem to possess the sceptre of power, but the fate of their mission, postings, and promotion politics is modulated quite abruptly. This study is an extension of broader research that follows a review of literature, including memoirs written by top cops of the Indian police force, and it surveys a corpus of newspaper articles demonstrating trauma-informed policing. The study explores the concept of Occupational Stress, its prevalence, contributing factors, and consequences through a qualitative method and a critical discourse analysis of the selective police narrative. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Occurrence, identification, and decontamination of potential mycotoxins in fruits and fruit by-products
The incidence of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and patulin in fruits and processed fruit products has been ever more challenging and gained additional focus on ecofriendly mitigation strategies. The onset of these toxins is due to several factors involving insect attacks, agricultural practices, and climate change. Acute and chronic health hazards are clinically proven after consuming contaminated foodstuffs, even at lower concentrations of mycotoxins. Synergistic, masked, and substantial occurrence in fruit matrices increase their complexity in detection and detoxification; apparently, this article reviewed the available information on the occurrence of mycotoxins in several fruits and their products, focused on the conventional and advanced methods of identification, quantification, and decontamination techniques. Strengthening and implementing stringent international and national guidelines are required for impactful, tangible measures in the future. Nevertheless, controlling the mycotoxins in fruits will certainly be challenging for scientists. Therefore, more impactful technologies are still needed to eliminate the toxins at the threshold level of the food chain and ensure sustainable global food safety. 2023 The Authors. Food Frontiers published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd and Nanchang University, Northwest University, Jiangsu University, Zhejiang University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University. -
Ochratoxin A as an alarming health threat for livestock and human: A review on molecular interactions, mechanism of toxicity, detection, detoxification, and dietary prophylaxis
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic metabolite produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium fungi commonly found in raw plant sources and other feeds. This review comprises an extensive evaluation of the origin and proprieties of OTA, toxicokinetics, biotransformation, and toxicodynamics of ochratoxins. In in vitro and in vivo studies, the compatibility of OTA with oxidative stress is observed through the production of free radicals, resulting in genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The OTA leads to nephrotoxicity as the chief target organ is the kidney. Other OTA excretion and absorption rates are observed, and the routes of elimination include faeces, urine, and breast milk. The alternations in the Phe moiety of OTA are the precursor for the amino acid alternation, bringing about Phe-hydroxylase and Phe-tRNA synthase, resulting in the complete dysfunction of cellular metabolism. Biodetoxification using specific microorganisms decreased the DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and cytotoxicity. This review addressed the ability of antioxidants and the dietary components as prophylactic measures to encounter toxicity and demonstrated their capability to counteract the chronic exposure through supplementation as feed additives. 2022 Elsevier Ltd -
Ocr system framework for modi scripts using data augmentation and convolutional neural network
Character recognition is one of the most active research areas in the field of pattern recognition and machine intelligence. It is a technique of recognizing either printed or handwritten text from document images and converting it to a machine-readable form. Even though there is much advancement in the field of character recognition using machine learning techniques, recognition of handwritten MODI script, which is an ancient Indian script, is still in its infancy. It is due to the complex nature of the script that includes similar shapes of character and the absence of demarcation between words. MODI was an official language used to write Marathi. Deep learning-based models are very efficient in character recognition tasks and in this work an ACNN model is proposed using the on-the-fly data augmentation method and convolution neural network. The augmentation of the data will add variability and generalization to the data set. CNN has special convolution and pooling layers which have helped in better feature extraction of the characters. The performance of the proposed method is compared with the most accurate MODI character recognition method reported so far and it is found that the proposed method outperforms the other method. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2021. -
ODD SUN-FREE TRIANGULATED GRAPHS ARE S-PERFECT
For a graph G with the vertex set V (G) and the edge set E(G) and a star subgraph S of G, let ?S(G) be the maximum number of vertices in G such that no two of them are in the same star subgraph S and ?S(G) be the minimum number of star sub-graph S that cover the vertices of G. A graph G is called S-perfect if for every induced subgraph H of G, ?S(H) = ?S(H). Motivated by perfect graphs discovered by Berge, Ravindra in-troduced S-perfect graphs. In this paper we prove that a trian-gulated graph is S-perfect if and only if G is odd sun-free. This result leads to a conjecture which if proved is a structural char-acterization of S-perfect graphs in terms of forbidden subgraphs. 2025, Diogenes Co. Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
Off balance sheet exposure performance analysis and risk measurment of Indian banks /
Archives of Business Research, Vol.4, Issue 1, pp.112-117, ISSN: 2054-7404. -
Offering copyright protection for non-fungible tokens in India: Legal frameworks and strategies
Non-fungible tokens have caused a complete revolution in the digital space regarding how one thinks of unique assets such as pieces of art, music, and digital collectables, and how one trades them. Originating from blockchain technology, NFTs first came into existence in the year 2014 on a platform known as Counterparty. Since then, they have grown as an influential part of the digital economy. NFT is nonfungible, each token is unique and cannot be replaced-which results in unprecedented possibilities and issues in the digital world. However, with the increasing demand for NFTs, several legal issues have emerged particularly in India, where the laws are still underdeveloped. As NFTs are representations of copyrighted works primary issues arising from NFTs are also related to Copyright. Ambiguities with NFTs are misapprehension over ownership, the challenge of managing and licensing NFTs using smart contracts, and the risk of unauthorized minting of copyrighted materials. This paper addresses these critical issues evaluates the current legal status of NFTs in India and explores their intersection with copyright laws. The focus is particularly on buyers' rights, including ownership complexities, the management of rights through licensing and assignments, and the issues around copyright infringement. The research highlights the urgent need for a legal framework for NFTs, delves into the intricacies of NFT ownership, transfers, and licensing, examines the challenges of unauthorized minting and the enforcement of buyers' rights and offers possible solutions. 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Offline Character Recognition of Handwritten MODI Script Using Wavelet Transform and Decision Tree Classifier
MODI script is derived from the N?gari family of scripts, and it was used for writing Marathi until twentieth century. Though currently not used as an official script, it has historical importance, as a large volume of manuscripts are preserved at various libraries across India. With the use of an appropriate recognition system, the handwritten documents can be transferred into digital media, so that it can be conveniently viewed, edited, or transliterated to other scripts. The research on MODI script is still in the initial stages, and there is a considerable demand for more research in this field. An implementation of wavelet transform-based feature extraction for MODI scripts character recognition is discussed in this paper. The experiment is performed using Daubechies, Haar, and Symlet wavelets, and performance comparison between these different mother wavelets is carried out. Decision tree classifier is used for the classification process, and the results indicate that the feature extraction using Daubechies wavelet yielded better character recognition result. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.