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Influence of Mindfulness on Game Addiction-Mediating Role of Emotional Control
In the past few decades, online games have become immensely popular among the younger generation thus leading to online game addiction. Previous researches acknowledge that mindfulness or present-focused awareness may reduce addiction. Moreover, addiction is found to have an impact on the propensity to respond to the situations in the environment in a way that is acceptable to all the people (emotional control). The present study attempts to study the influence of mindfulness and emotional control on game addiction. For this, 187 college students were selected through the Simple Random Sampling method. Personal Profile Sheet, The Online Game Addiction Scale, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and The Emotional Control Questionnaire, with four dimensions of Rehearsal, Emotional Inhibition, Aggression Control and Benign control were used to collect the data. The study found a significant gender difference in the level of game addiction where boys being more addicted to online games than girls. Mindfulness shows a significant negative influence over Game Addiction. Among the four dimensions of emotional control, the two dimensions viz., rehearsal and benign control show mediation effect between mindfulness and game addiction. However, the mediating role of emotional inhibition and aggression control was not significantly demonstrative. The Author(s) 2024. -
A comprehensive review on application of atomic force microscopy in Forensic science
The primary objective of forensic investigation of a case is to recognize, identify, locate, and examine the evidence. Microscopy is a technique that provides crucial information for resolving a case or advancing the investigation process by analyzing the evidence obtained from a crime scene. It is often used in conjunction with suitable analytical techniques. Various microscopes are employed; scanning probe microscopes are available in diverse forensic analyses and studies. Among these, the atomic force microscope (AFM) is the most commonly used scanning probe technology, offering a unique morphological and physico-chemical perspective for analyzing multiple pieces of evidence in forensic investigations. Notably, it is a non-destructive technique capable of operating in liquid or air without complex sample preparation. The article delves into a detailed exploration of the applications of AFM in the realms of nanomechanical forensics and nanoscale characterization of forensically significant samples. 2024 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine -
Roadmap of effects of biowaste-synthesized carbon nanomaterials on carbon nano-reinforced composites
Sustainable growth can be achieved by recycling waste material into useful resources without affecting the natural ecosystem. Among all nanomaterials, carbon nanomaterials from biowaste are used for various applications. The pyrolysis process is one of the eco-friendly ways for synthesizing such carbon nanomaterials. Recently, polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) filled with bio-waste-based carbon nanomaterials attracted a lot of attention due to their enhanced mechanical properties. A variety of polymers, such as thermoplastics, thermosetting polymers, elastomers, and their blends, can be used in the formation of composite materials. This review summarizes the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials, polymer nanocomposites, and mechanical properties of PNCs. The review also focuses on various biowaste-based precursors, their nanoproperties, and turning them into proper composites. PNCs show improved mechanical properties by varying the loading per-centages of carbon nanomaterials, which are vital for many defence-and aerospace-related indus-tries. Different synthesis processes are used to achieve enhanced ultimate tensile strength and mod-ulus. The present review summarizes the last 5 years work in detail on these PNCs and their appli-cations. 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. -
Treating troubled families: Therapeutic scenario in India
India, a country of diverse cultures, languages, life styles, and ethnicities, is becoming a land of economic change, political stability, technological advancement, and changing traditional structures of relationships as well as health consciousness. Being known for its ancient traditions, rituals, religious orientation, spiritual outlook and folk beliefs, Indian families attempt to continue certain healthy and traditional elements such as warmth, strong bond, hierarchy, extended support, cultural orientation, shared values and time, tolerance, respect for the aged and inculcation of religious teachings and traditions in families. These factors, or practices, in fact have strong therapeutic value in supplementing the growth and development of individuals in the family system in spite of its transitional position. This paper deals with the review of family-based mental health services and focuses on the changing trends of those practices in India and the advancement of Indian families in their engaging ability with mentally ill members as well as with the treating team. 2012 Institute of Psychiatry. -
Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis: A Review
Early detection and treatment is a successful method to fight against cancer. The use of conventional methods often limits the early-stage detection of the same. Nanotechnology, especially nanomedicine, has become an evolving field in research today. Nanoparticles, with their diverse application in medicine, have grown tremendously. Despite their physicochemical properties, the toxicity of nanoparticles in living organisms has helped the scientific community develop these nanoparticles for cancer treatment. In this review, we highlight the two different types of synthesis of nanoparticles: Top-down and Bottom-up approaches, many instances of various techniques and other inorganic nanoparticles that are good platforms for bioimaging and biosensing applications, drug delivery nanocarriers for specific tumor targeting, thereby reducing the toxicity to healthy tissues and Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and Photo Thermal Therapy (PTT), their mechanism and nanoparticles and examples of their surface functionalization used in cancer treatment. 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Electrochemical efficacies of coal derived nanocarbons
Carbon based nanomaterials are acknowledged for their admirable optical, electrical, mechanical characteristics and broad class of applications. Choice of precursor and simple synthesis techniques have decisive roles in viable production and commercialization of carbon produce. The intense demand to develop high purity carbon nanomaterials through inexpensive techniques has promoted usage of fossil derivatives as feasible source of carbon. Coal serves as a naturally available, abundant and cheap feedstock for carbon materials. From the crystalline clusters of aromatic hydrocarbons in a cross-linked network, carbon nanostructures can easily be extracted through green synthesis routes. It promotes a potent alternative for the cost effective and scaled up production of nanocarbon. The well-developed pores distribution, presence of numerous active sites and appropriate migration channels for ions enhance the electrochemical parameters necessary for the fabrication of supercapacitors, batteries and electrochemical sensors. The metallic impurities contained in coal contribute towards faradic redox reactions required for an efficient electrode modification. In this review, the potential uses of coal based carbon nanomaterials in energy storage and environmental sectors are discussed in detail. 2020, The Author(s). -
Review of recent progress in the development and properties of aluminum metal matrix composites reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotube by powder metallurgy route
Aluminum and its alloys are finding increasing applications in every sphere of industry with various reinforcements. New reinforcements like graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are in focus on account of its contribution in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Achieving uniform distribution and selecting the right manufacturing process still remain a challenge. Hence, this review takes into account the contributions by many researchers and attempts to consolidate the findings that may close the gap and identify the scope for future research. In spite of the advantages of aluminum, it requires improvement in strength, wear resistance, heat resistance, conductivity, and thermal expansion. Among the available reinforcements, CNT stands out because of its unique features of thermal conductivity, expansion, and strength. The effect of multiwalled CNT reinforcement in metal on precipitation hardening is also discussed. Copyright 2019 by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 -
Epigenetic Mechanisms Induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Promote Its Survival in the Host
Tuberculosis caused by the obligate intracellular pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one among the prime causes of death worldwide. An urgent remedy against tuberculosis is of paramount importance in the current scenario. However, the complex nature of this appalling disease contributes to the limitations of existing medications. The quest for better treatment approaches is driving the research in the field of host epigenomics forward in context with tuberculosis. The interplay between various host epigenetic factors and the pathogen is under investigation. A comprehensive understanding of how Mycobacterium tuberculosis orchestrates such epigenetic factors and favors its survival within the host is in increasing demand. The modifications beneficial to the pathogen are reversible and possess the potential to be better targets for various therapeutic approaches. The mechanisms, including histone modifications, DNA methylation, and miRNA modification, are being explored for their impact on pathogenesis. In this article, we are deciphering the role of mycobacterial epigenetic regulators on various strategies like cytokine expression, macrophage polarization, autophagy, and apoptosis, along with a glimpse of the potential of host-directed therapies. 2024 by the authors. -
Advancement and Challenges of Biosensing Using Field Effect Transistors
Field-effect transistors (FETs) have become eminent electronic devices for biosensing applications owing to their high sensitivity, faster response and availability of advanced fabrication techniques for their production. The device physics of this sensor is now well understood due to the emergence of several numerical modelling and simulation papers over the years. The pace of advancement along with the knowhow of theoretical concepts proved to be highly effective in detecting deadly pathogens, especially the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein of the coronavirus with the onset of the (coronavirus disease of 2019) COVID-19 pandemic. However, the advancement in the sensing system is also accompanied by various hurdles that degrade the performance. In this review, we have explored all these challenges and how these are tackled with innovative approaches, techniques and device modifications that have also raised the detection sensitivity and specificity. The functional materials of the device are also structurally modified towards improving the surface area and minimizing power dissipation for developing miniaturized microarrays applicable in ultra large scale integration (ULSI) technology. Several theoretical models and simulations have also been carried out in this domain which have given a deeper insight on the electron transport mechanism in these devices and provided the direction for optimizing performance. 2022 by the authors. -
Phyto- and zoomass-derived nanostructured carbon as efficient catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells: a review
Abstract: The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) plays a pivotal role in several energy storage and conversion technologies, including metal-air batteries, microbial fuel cells, and low-temperature hydrogen and alcohol fuel cells. Fuel cells, in particular, have gained significant traction as a feasible alternative energy source due to their efficiency, cleanliness, adaptability, and ability to reuse exhaust heat. However, the complex nature of ORR requires highly efficient electrocatalysts for optimal fuel cell performance. While Pt-based electrocatalysts are widely regarded as the most suitable for both the cathode and anode in fuel cells, their high cost, scarcity, and susceptibility to fuel crossover have driven the search for alternative ORR catalysts. In this context, carbon materials have emerged as promising candidates due to their low cost, long-term stability, and strong electrocatalytic activity. Recent advancements in biomass-derived carbon nanostructures align with the global push for sustainable energy and a pollution-free environment. This review examines carbon structures derived from the carbonization of plant and animal biomass and evaluates their performance as noble metal supports, non-noble metal electrocatalysts, and metal-free electrocatalysts for ORR. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.) The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
SARS-CoV-2 Footprints in the Placenta: What We Know after Three Years of the Pandemic
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues into its third year, there is accumulating evidence on the consequences of maternal infection. Emerging data indicate increased obstetrics risks, including maternal complications, preterm births, impaired intrauterine fetal growth, hypertensive disorders, stillbirth, gestational diabetes, and a risk of developmental defects in neonates. Overall, controversial concerns still exist regarding the potential for vertical transmission. Histopathological examination of the placenta can represent a useful instrument for investigation and can contribute significant information regarding the possible immunohistopathological mechanisms involved in developing unfavorable perinatal outcomes. Based on current evidence, SARS-CoV-2 infection can affect placental tissue by inducing several specific changes. The level of placental involvement is considered one of the determining factors for unfavorable outcomes during pregnancy due to inflammation and vascular injuries contributing to complex cascade immunological and biological events; however, available evidence does not indicate a strong and absolute correlation between maternal infection, placental lesions, and obstetric outcomes. As existing studies are still limited, we further explore the placenta at three different levels, using histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular genetics to understand the epidemiological and virological changes observed in the ongoing pandemic. 2023 by the authors. -
Fish waste valorisation through production of biodiesel and biopolymers for sustainable development: A mini review
Fish processing waste accounts for one of the major classes of food waste generated worldwide in terms of the high volume of waste generated. The presence of high amounts of organic compounds (proteins: 1530 %, lipids: 520 %) in fish waste makes them highly susceptible to autolysis which when not managed properly pose adverse effects on the environment like production of offensive odor, generation of hydrogen sulfide, higher biological oxygen demand (1000 mg/L to 12,000 mg/L or even higher) (BOD), and multiplication of pathogenic bacteria. Fish waste is rich in lipids and polysaccharides that can be channelized for biodiesel and biopolymer production respectively. Biodiesel refers to the biofuel produced from transesterification of plant and animal fats. Extraction of oils from fish waste followed by transesterification reactions can yield biodiesel through a biorefinery approach. Biorefinery concept emphasizes the conversion of biomass into commercially important byproducts. Biopolymers refers to the natural polymers that can be extracted from the natural sources or produced through microbial fermentation process. Furthermore, commercially important biopolymers like chitosan and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) can be used as biorefineries. This review work presents the sequential strategies for conversion of fish waste to biodiesel, PHA and chitosan through various physicochemical and biological methods. The review also presents the existing challenges and the future in the fish waste biorefinery concept. The scope of this review is to present a broader concept of integrating fish waste biorefinery for production of multiple value added products like biodiesel and biopolymers. 2025 Elsevier Ltd -
A SWOT analysis of integrating cognitive and non-cognitive learning strategies in education
Students must receive the knowledge and skills they require for succeeding in a constantly changing world. Meeting each student's diverse needs, nevertheless, is difficult. For the purpose to promote student development and improve educational outcomes, this review study attempts to give a thorough conceptual framework for integrating both cognitive and non-cognitive learning methodologies. While non-cognitive learning focuses on social and interpersonal skills, emotional intelligence, and resilience, cognitive learning involves the acquisition of intellectual skills and critical thinking. Both types of education are essential for children's holistic development. Integrating non-cognitive and cognitive approaches in education sector has several advantages. It promotes a well-rounded education by offering a balanced approach that addresses the intellectual, emotional, and social elements of student progress. To support the suggested conceptual framework, a thorough analysis of recent research on the subject is conducted. The implementation of cognitive and non-cognitive learning in the present condition is examined through a bibliometric analysis, which identifies research trends and gaps. In addition, a SWOT analysis has been done to assess the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities, and threats related to these strategies. The issues and areas that require additional research and development are better understood due to this analysis. The research's conclusions demonstrate the importance of adopting a well-rounded educational strategy which considers various demands of students. The education system can encourage academic performance, critical thinking, socio-emotional well-being, and prepare students for success in a variety of spheres of life by integrating cognitive and non-cognitive learning. It also points out the research gaps and underlines the value of further study for enhancing comprehension and cognitive and non-cognitive learning methodologies' application. 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Mindfulness-based relapse preventionA meta-analysis
Addiction is of varied types and over the years the focus has not only been on the growing issues of addiction but also on how to prevent relapse on recovering clients. According to Buddhist teaching craving is the cause of suffering and suffering festers itself due to attachment. Once an individual is enlightened he will be able to find a path that ceases such suffering. Mindfulness helps bring about such enlightenment through being conscious and reflective of every moments experience. Mindfulness does not stop at being aware alone but extends its teaching to accepting such experiences as they are and letting go. Relapse prevention has long been researched on and new therapies developed to facilitate the same. This conceptual paper looks at how Mindfulness-based relapse prevention therapy works to prevent relapses. The paper focuses on understanding each of the eight-week therapy process and how it progresses in changing thoughts and reducing stress. The paper shows how Mindfulness-based relapse prevention helps clients understand their craving and how to change thoughts in order to deal with a craving thus preventing relapse. 2019, 2019 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license. -
Disclosure of University Social Responsibility A Review of Select Higher Educational Institutions
This paper explores the disclosure of university social responsibility by higher educational institutions. Based on the disclosure of information on institutional websites, 39 universities were selected for the study. The data, which was assessed on the criteria used by regulatory authorities for grading institutions, revealed that while 12 institutions performed above average in most of the criteria, 17 were in the medium range, and 10 performed below average. The study proposes that disclosure of social responsibility activities with adequate evidence from institutional websites can attract more viewers and prospective students. 2023 Tata Institute of Social Sciences. All rights reserved. -
Multifunctional biosensor activities in food technology, microbes and toxins A systematic mini review
Biosensors have its significant applications in various fields, its use in food processing, food safety and food technology has helped to enhance the overall health of the society as it can successfully determine the presence and concentration of different microorganisms including Escheichia coli, Vibrio cholera, Clostridium spp. etc., and also determination of various toxins present in food like acrylamides, benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylene, nitrosamines, Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) which are carcinogenic. The preface of biosensors has assisted food industries for monitoring and verification of raw materials, food processing, and composition of the food and assessment of product freshness. Symbolic biosensors have been developed in recent years and yet there is much immediate need for the development of more reliable, cost-effective, sensitive and novel biosensors for rapid detection and identification of food borne pathogens and toxins. Extensive review recapitulates overall food-pathogen testing research market trends, as well as commercialization of biosensors for the food safety industry as legislation creates novel standards for microbial monitoring. Furthermore, the world's concern about the food safety and human's healthcare, the one and only biosensor's exclusive demand is nothing but an alternative in real time diagnosis of diseases causing pathogens. 2022 Elsevier Ltd -
An updated review on advancement in fermentative production strategies for biobutanol using Clostridium spp.
A significant concern of our fuel-dependent era is the unceasing exhaustion of petroleum fuel supplies. In parallel to this, environmental issues such as the greenhouse effect, change in global climate, and increasing global temperature must be addressed on a priority basis. Biobutanol, which has fuel characteristics comparable to gasoline, has attracted global attention as a viable green fuel alternative among the many biofuel alternatives. Renewable biomass could be used for the sustainable production of biobutanol by the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) pathway. Non-extinguishable resources, such as algal and lignocellulosic biomass, and starch are some of the most commonly used feedstock for fermentative production of biobutanol, and each has its particular set of advantages. Clostridium, a gram-positive endospore-forming bacterium that can produce a range of compounds, along with n-butanol is traditionally known for its biobutanol production capabilities. Clostridium fermentation produces biobased n-butanol through ABE fermentation. However, low butanol titer, a lack of suitable feedstock, and product inhibition are the primary difficulties in biobutanol synthesis. Critical issues that are essential for sustainable production of biobutanol include (i) developing high butanol titer producing strains utilizing genetic and metabolic engineering approaches, (ii) renewable biomass that could be used for biobutanol production at a larger scale, and (iii) addressing the limits of traditional batch fermentation by integrated bioprocessing technologies with effective product recovery procedures that have increased the efficiency of biobutanol synthesis. Our paper reviews the current progress in all three aspects of butanol production and presents recent data on current practices in fermentative biobutanol production technology. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. -
Recent advances in the development, design and mechanism of negative electrodes for asymmetric supercapacitor applications
Continuous technical advancements in a variety of industries, such as portable electronics, transportation, green energy, are frequently hampered by the inadequacy of energy-storage technologies. Asymmetric supercapacitors can expand their operating voltage window past the thermodynamic breakdown voltage of electrolytes by utilizing two distinct electrode materials, providing a workaround for the symmetric supercapacitors energy storage constraints. This evaluation offers a thorough understanding of this area. To comprehend the extensive research done in this field, we first examine the fundamental energy-storage mechanisms and performance evaluation standards for asymmetric supercapacitors. The most recent developments in the design and manufacture of electrode materials as well as the general structure of asymmetric supercapacitors. We have also discussed a number of significant scientific issues and offer our opinions on how to improve the electrochemical properties of future asymmetric energy storage devices. First, methods for designing high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors must be developed; next, controllably built supercapacitor types must be attained (such as symmetric capacitors including double-layer and pseudocapacitors, asymmetric capacitors, and Li-ion capacitors). This review is timely because of the rapid expansion of research in this area. It summarizes recent developments in the study and creation of high-performance electrode materials with high supercapacitors. A number of crucial topics for enhancing the energy density of supercapacitors are examined, along with some reciprocal correlations between the main impacting parameters. Difficulties and prospects in this fascinating field are also covered. This offers a fundamental understanding of supercapacitors and serves as a crucial design rule for enhanced next-generation supercapacitors that will be used in both industrial and consumer applications. In this context, we extensively reviewed the classification of supercapacitor, EDLC (activated carbon, carbon aerogel, carbon nanotube), Pseudocapacitors, conducting polymers, metal oxides, hybrid materials, composite hybrids, rechargeable batteries, asymmetric devices and its design, aqueous solid state, fiber based asymmetric device, graphene based asymmetric device, terminologies used during the electrode selection, positive and negative electrodes in asymmetric device, material used for fabrication of negative electrodes, electrochemical performance of various devices which are fabricated by different electrode materials. Performance of material for various asymmetric device applications, conclusions outlook, recent developments in asymmetric devices. The current review may offer a thorough understanding and future prospects for developing negative electrodes to enhance asymmetric supercapacitor performance. 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Evaluative study on supercapacitance behavior of polyaniline/polypyrrole metal oxide based composites electrodes: a review
Electricity is a versatile form of energy but suffers from a drawback in that it cannot be stored easily. Supercapacitors are devices that can address this problem. Fabrication of efficient supercapacitors is the need of the hour, which requires an intelligent selection of the electrode materials and electrochemical conditions. In this review, electrochemical studies and synthesis methods of polymer based metal oxide composites, especially polyaniline and polypyrrole, are discussed in detail. Various fabrication methods that are in use for the preparation of the supercapacitor electrodes are evaluated, which gives an idea of the selection of suitable materials for electrochemical applications. The supercapacitance studies of the reported works are also discussed, which help to understand the efficiency and working of different polymer based metal oxide composites for energy applications. Conducting polymers have good capacitance behavior but low cyclic stability. Incorporating metal oxides, graphene, noble metals, MXenes, and carbon nanotubes enhances the capacitance of conducting polymers. Polyaniline based electrodes show comparatively higher capacitance values compared to polypyrrole based electrodes. The types of supercapacitors, the importance of polymers in supercapacitance applications, and the improvement of the polymer substrates by using various materials like metal oxides to enhance the supercapacitance ability are discussed in depth in this review. 2023 Elsevier Ltd -
Therapeutic effects of vitamin D and cancer: An overview
Since vitamin D's discovery, strenuous efforts to investigate its physiological exploit and deficiency on human health were done. Our body synthesizes fat-soluble vitamin D when get exposed to sunlight. In recent years, experimental data indicate that sunlight exposure and an adequate level of circulating vitamin D can reduce the incidence of cancer. Several in vitro and in vivo studies also suggest vitamin D as a potentially valuable supplement for cancer treatment and prevention. Nevertheless, there need to be adequate clinical studies performed to substantiate the suppressive ability of vitamin D concerning cancer incidence. Thus, understanding the cellular mechanisms of vitamin D can be advantageous for preventing several chronic diseases. Consequently, this review concentrates on different studies that have been conducted to characterize the outcome of vitamin D in reducing cancer incidence and its medication by cellular progression mechanism. 2021 The Authors. Food Frontiers published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd and Nanchang University, Northwest University, Jiangsu University, Zhejiang University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.