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Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.). Schott)
Plants are said to be the finest source of food and phytochemicals. Along with aerial plant components, subterranean tuberous, stems, and roots were often consumed for their phytochemical and nutritional worth. Colocasia esculenta (L.). Schott is an essential plant that is utilized for its nutritional and phytochemical properties. It is commonly called taro, which is very rich in plant secondary metabolites and their respective pharmacological properties. Taro is consumed by people worldwide and serves as a staple food in Asian and African countries, leading to its abundant production. Extensive studies has explored the nutritional composition of taro, which has been identified as a promising source of dietary fiber. Moreover, taro exhibits a wealth of minerals and phytochemicals, including phenols, flavonoids, and various derivatives, which contribute to its diverse pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, and anticancer effects. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of taro, encompassing its nutritional profile, phytochemistry, and numerous pharmacological properties. Additionally, it addresses the important aspects of biosafety in relation to taro consumption and highlights potential prospects for sustainable production of this remarkable tuber crop. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. -
Bioactive compounds from Cordyceps and their therapeutic potential
The Clavicipitaceae familys largest and most diverse genus is Cordyceps. They are most abundant and diverse in humid temperate and tropical forests and have a wide distribution in: Europe, North America, and East and Southeast Asian countries, particularly: Bhutan, China, Japan, Nepal, Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, Tibet, and the Himalayan region of India, and Sikkim. It is a well-known parasitic fungus that feeds on insects and other arthropods belonging to 10 different orders. Over 200 bioactive metabolites, that include: nucleotides and nucleosides, polysaccharides, proteins, polypeptides, amino acids, sterols, and fatty acids, among others have been extracted from Cordyceps spp. demonstrating the phytochemical richness of this genus. These components have been associated with a variety of pharmacological effects, including: anti-microbial, anti-apoptotic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities. In this paper, the bioactivity of various classes of metabolites produced by Cordyceps spp., and their therapeutic properties have been reviewed in an attempt to update the existing literature. Furthermore, one of its nucleoside and a key bioactive compound, cordycepin has been critically elaborated with regard to its biosynthesis pathway and the recently proposed protector-protmechanism as well as various biological and pharmacological effects, such as: suppression of purine and nucleic acid biosynthesis, induction of apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation with their mechanism of action. This review provides current knowledge on the bioactive potential of Cordyceps spp. 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Bioactive Compounds in Edible Flowers
Many societies have found various utilities of edible flowers. They give a more ornamental look, enhances the taste, and also enhances its nutritional value. Numerous studies conducted recently have shown that edible flowers are also rich in nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fibre, vitamins, minerals. These flowers also contain a variety of phytochemicals, including phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and other compounds that have been shown to increase biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic, anticancer, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective qualities. Edible flowers have now found their way into a number of industries, including as cosmeceuticals, functional foods, and nutraceuticals. The book provides information on the nutritional value, phytochemical makeup, and bioactivity of both wild and cultivated flowers. It also describes edible flowers in depth to make them better-known to consumers and the food business. Each chapter discusses the possible toxicological effects of floral components. 2026 Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy. -
Bioactive nanoparticles derived from marine brown seaweeds and their biological applications: a review
The biosynthesis of novel nanoparticles with varied morphologies, which has good implications for their biological capabilities, has attracted increasing attention in the field of nanotechnology. Bioactive compounds present in the extract of fungi, bacteria, plants and algae are responsible for nanoparticle synthesis. In comparison to other biological resources, brown seaweeds can also be useful to convert metal ions to metal nanoparticles because of the presence of richer bioactive chemicals. Carbohydrates, proteins, polysaccharides, vitamins, enzymes, pigments, and secondary metabolites in brown seaweeds act as natural reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents in the nanoparticles synthesis. There are around 2000 species of seaweed that dominate marine resources, but only a few have been reported for nanoparticle synthesis. The presence of bioactive chemicals in the biosynthesized metal nanoparticles confers biological activity. The biosynthesized metal and non-metal nanoparticles from brown seaweeds possess different biological activities because of their different physiochemical properties. Compared with terrestrial resources, marine resources are not much explored for nanoparticle synthesis. To confirm their morphology, characterization methods are used, such as absorption spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscopy. This review attempts to include the vital role of brown seaweed in the synthesis of metal and non-metal nanoparticles, as well as the method of synthesis and biological applications such as anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and other functions. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.). The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Bioactive Phytochemicals from DatePalm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Seed Oil Processing By-products
Humans cultivate plants for their daily commodities, like food and medicines. Innumerable varieties of crops and plant-derived products like cotton, fruits, vegetables, grains, pulses, and oils have been developed. A variety of seed oils have been used by humankind in dietary supplements and regarded as feedstock for the production of biofuels. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one such plant used in the production of oil. Date palm is a commercial fruit that is primarily cultivated in South Mediterranean countries. Date palm fruit and its processed products such as jams, jellies, and syrup are globally consumed. However, tons of seed waste is generated after processing and raises environmental problems due to poor seed waste disposal practices. Scientific reports suggest that date palm seed oil is a rich in minerals, fatty acids, and various phytochemicals like phenols, flavonoids, sterols, and tocopherols. These bioactive molecules possess significant pharmacological activities like antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotectivity. This chapter summarizes the phytochemicals present in the date palm seed oil, discusses the fatty acid composition in various date palm cultivars worldwide, and highlights the pharmacological activities exhibited by the date seed oil. The chapter also discusses the effective utilization of date seed oil in the food and pharmaceutical industry and the seed oil by-products in biofuel production. Pharmaceuticals and biofuel production presents an excellent opportunity for the valorization of date palm cultivation and economic returns. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Biochar a Futuristic Approach for Heavy Metal Remediation from Wastewater
Heavy-metal-induced contamination has been one of the major pollutants, and currently being one of the most serious concerns for its ill effects on the environment, and toxicity towards humans and plants. Being persistent in the milieu for decades, these heavy metals can also seep into underground waters polluting the soil and aquifers. Contaminated water causes the physiochemical and biochemical changes affecting the plant growth and yield. Additionally, it also has a major concern with the human health effects. Hence, it is very important to find ways to remove these heavy metals efficiently from water. In recent years, different ways of remediating heavy metals from waste water have been undertaken. Biochar, a carbon-rich source is derived from the decomposition of organic wastes that has been competent adsorbent for the heavy metal from water thus, helping as an effective treatment option. An adsorbent for heavy metals, biochar has porous structure, pH value, surface function and high cation exchange. Several methods have been used to synthesise biochar with a significant physiochemical property and have been used for various chemical applications. Being an exceptional heavy metal adsorbent, biochar is also ecofriendly, least expensive and effective treatment that has a greater potential in the near future as a best option for wastewater treatment. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Biochemical and Rapid Paper Sensory Detection of Heavy Metals in Milk Based on Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles
Milk is an emulsion of proteins and fats in water that contributes to a nutritious diet and enhances our immune system. However, contamination of heavy metals in milk due to an increase in industrialization and urbanization can be a serious threat to human health. This study focused on the rapid detection of heavy metals particularly lead and mercury in milk using biochemical assays as well as paper-based colorimetric sensor based on green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from leaf extract of Hemigraphis colorata. Biochemical assays such as the lead chromate test and sodium hydroxide test were employed to detect lead and mercury in milk samples. The biogenic AgNPs were characterized by UVVis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray diffraction. The unique properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) like surface plasma resonance (SPR), large surface area and visible colour change upon aggregation when metal ions interact, enable them to detect heavy metals. This is a portable and affordable method of detection that ensures safer milk consumption and sustainable environmental practices. 2025 Asian Publication Corporation. All rights reserved. -
Biocidal activities of nickel oxide nanoparticles modified by copper and manganese, synthesized by green process
In recent years, the development of dual dopant-based nanoparticles (NPs) has gained significant attention as they possess exceptional physico-chemical and biomedical properties, making them potential candidates for antimicrobial and anticancer uses. In this research, we successfully synthesized nickel oxide (NiO) and copper, manganese-doped NiO (CuMn:NiO) NPs using a green synthesis method. The synthesis process involved Trigonella foenum-graecum (T.f.graecum) leaves extract as a nucleating agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed by various physico-chemical studies. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, the median size was determined as 36 nm for NiO and 32 nm for CuMn:NiO NPs. The antibacterial study revealed that CuMn:NiO NPs exhibited a higher zone of inhibition in contrast to both Gram-positive (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium) and Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae) compared with NiO NPs and commercial amoxicillin. The antifungal studies conducted against Candida albicans demonstrated that CuMn:NiO NPs exhibited enhanced efficacy in comparison to NiO NPs. In vitro testing against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) demonstrated the anticancer potential of NiO and CuMn:NiO NPs, supported by IC50 concentrations of 11 and 9?g/mL, respectively. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of NiO and CuMn:NiO NPs exhibited a green emission at 508 and 518 nm, respectively, which indicated the generation of active free radicals by the NPs. These findings suggest that CuMn:NiO NPs hold promise in the healthcare industry. 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Biocidal Activity of Barium and Iron-Co-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites, Synthesized by Psidium guajava-Mediated Precipitation Method
The emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms and the need for effective anticancer agents necessitate the development of novel nanomaterials with enhanced biomedical performance. This study aims to synthesize barium and iron dual-doped titanium dioxide (TiBaFeO NC) using a green precipitation method with Psidium guajava leaf extract, targeting improved antimicrobial and anticancer efficacy. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by various analytical techniques. XRD confirmed the crystalline anatase phase of TiO2 and TiBaFeO NC, with average crystallite sizes of 40 and 37nm, respectively, suitable for biomedical applications. UV-Vis analysis showed a decrease in bandgap from 3.79eV for TiO2 to 3.67eV for TiBaFeO NC, indicating enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation potential. PL spectra exhibited green emissions at 520nm for TiO2 and 523nm for TiBaFeO NC, reflecting a higher oxygen vacancy defect density in the doped nanocomposite. Biological evaluations demonstrated that TiBaFeO NC exhibited superior antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium), Gram-negative bacteria (Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris), and fungi (Candida albicans). Furthermore, TiBaFeO NC showed enhanced anticancer activity against human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) with an IC50 of 9.8g/mL, outperforming TiO2. These results suggest that TiBaFeO NC is a promising nanocomposite for advanced biomedical applications, combining enhanced antimicrobial and anticancer properties through defect-mediated ROS generation. 2026 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. -
Biocompatibility and toxicity of nanomaterials in the designing of tools for the diagnosis of infectious diseases
Nanomaterials have revolutionized the landscape of infectious disease diagnostics by offering unparalleled advantages in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and rapidity. However, their integration into diagnostic tools necessitates a profound understanding of their biocompatibility and toxicity profiles to ensure both diagnostic accuracy and patient life. The successful translation of these nanomaterials into practical diagnostic tools hinges on a thorough understanding of their biocompatibility and toxicity. Biocompatibility, a fundamental characteristic of nanomaterials refers to their ability to coexist with biological systems without causing harm or triggering immune responses. This chapter unfolds the pivotal role of biocompatibility assessment, examining the compatibility of nanomaterials with biological systems. In vitro and in vivo evaluation methods, and adherence to regulatory standards, are emphasized as essential components of biocompatibility analysis. Simultaneously, the exploration of nanotoxicity and its hazardous effect highlights the significance of establishing safe exposure limits. Toxicity is a pressing concern when dealing with nanomaterials. The chapter explores the factors that contribute to nanomaterials toxicity, including size-dependent effects, surface modifications, and the route of exposure. It also delves into the mechanisms by which nanomaterials can exert toxicity, such as reactive oxygen species, reaction with surface expanded group, and penetration into the cell. To mitigate the potential risk associated with nanomaterials, the chapter discusses strategies for improving biocompatibility. Finally, it gives a glance into the various tools prepared highlighting the successful integration of biocompatible nanotoxicity of nanomaterials into infectious disease diagnostics. Ultimately, this chapter emphasizes the need for comprehensive biocompatibility and toxicity evaluation as integral components of designing effective and safe diagnostic tools thereby contributing to the advancement of healthcare through cutting-edge nanotechnology. 2025 Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved. -
Biocompatible NiTiO3Dopamine nanocomposites for combating drug-resistant pathogens through membrane disruption and oxidative stress
The rising threat of multidrug-resistant pathogens poses a challenge to public health. Highlighting the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents, this study reports the synthesis of NiTiO3 nanoparticles and dopamine-functionalized NiTiO3 nanocomposites. Structural and elemental confirmation was obtained through XPS studies, which confirmed the presence of Ni2+ and Ti4+ in the nanocomposite, along with C 1s and O 1s peaks corresponding to dopamine coating. Photoluminescence spectra revealed that the NiTiO3dopamine nanocomposite exhibits notable green emission bands at 510, 518, and 527nm which arises from deep-level recombination associated with complex oxygen-related defects like oxygen vacancies. The NiTiO3-dopamine exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, K. pneumoniae, S. dysenteriae, and C. albicans, compared to NiTiO3 alone. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays further revealed that NiTiO3dopamine achieved MIC at 600?g/mL and MBC at 1000?g/mL for K. pneumoniae, outperforming pure NiTiO3. ROS assays confirmed oxidative stress-mediated antimicrobial action, with ROS levels significantly quenched in the presence of histidine. SEM images of bacterial morphology showed extensive membrane disruption in NiTiO3dopamine treated cells. Furthermore, zebrafish embryo assays confirmed excellent biocompatibility of the NiTiO3dopamine nanocomposite, with normal development observed up to 72h post fertilization. 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V. -
Biocompatible Pluronic F127-coated nickel titanate nanoparticles: toward effective antimicrobial and antioxidant therapies
Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are a major global health concern. Nickel titanate (NiTiO?) nanoparticles offer potential antimicrobial applications, but their biocompatibility is limited. This study explores the surface modification of NiTiO? with Pluronic F127 (PF127) to enhance biological performance. NiTiO? nanoparticles were synthesized and coated with PF127. Characterization was performed using XRD, FTIR, HRTEM, BET and DLS. Antibacterial activity was assessed via pathogenic bacteria assays and colony-forming unit quantification. Antioxidant activity was measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, and zebrafish embryos evaluated in vivo toxicity. XRD confirmed hexagonal NiTiO?, and FTIR/HRTEM verified PF127 incorporation. BET analysis indicated a surface area of 28.66 m2 g?1 and mesoporous structure (2.59 nm pore diameter). DLS showed particle size reduction from 219.3 nm (NiTiO?) to 135.9 nm (NiTiO?PF127), confirming improved dispersion. NiTiO?PF127 exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity, with colony-forming unit counts decreasing in a concentration-dependent manner. The DPPH assay showed 53.7% radical scavenging at 20 ?g mL?1. Zebrafish embryo studies revealed higher viability and lower developmental toxicity for PF127-coated nanoparticles compared to uncoated NiTiO?. PF127 modification of NiTiO? improves dispersion, antibacterial and antioxidant activity, and biocompatibility. These results highlight NiTiO?PF127 nanocomposite as a promising candidate for biomedical and antimicrobial applications. 2026 Society of Chemical Industry. 2026 Society of Chemical Industry. -
Biocompatible Sodium Alginate Modified BaO2H2O2 Nanoparticles With Improved Therapeutic Efficacy Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens and Cancer Cells
The increasing problem of multidrug-resistant pathogens and the limitations of conventional therapies for cancer treatments require designing new therapeutic agents. BaO2H2O2 and BaSA nanoparticles were prepared and characterized to determine their antimicrobial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. The XRD confirmed the crystallite sizes to be 34 nm for BaO2H2O2 and 25 nm for BaSA. The UVvisible analysis confirmed the band gap energies as 4.13 and 4.11 eV for BaO2H2O2 and BaSA, respectively. A shift in the blue-green PL emission from 488510 nm in BaO2H2O2 to 535 nm in BaSA indicated increased oxygen vacancies. EDAX analysis demonstrated elemental variations due to SA modification, whereas DLS measurements showed a decrease in the mean size of the nanoparticles from 116.70 nm (BaO2H2O2) to 111.90 nm (BaSA). Antimicrobial activity was shown against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus vulgaris, while a considerable enhancement of antifungal activity against Candida albicans was observed in BaSA. Against MG-63 osteosarcoma cells, BaSA exhibited lower IC50 values (21.5, 20.2, 18.7 ?g mL?1 at 24, 48, and 72 h) when compared with BaO2H2O2 (23.4, 22.5, 21.3 ?g mL?1). Zebrafish embryos tolerated BaSA at 0.5 mg mL?1, with developmental abnormalities observed only at 1.0 mg mL?1. 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Biocontrol of Aedes aegypti using Talaromyces islandicus Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles
Aedes aegypti is the vector that spreads the dengue virus, causing dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. With more than half the worlds population at the risk of acquiring this infection, controlling the Aedes mosquitoes is the only path to limit the spread of the fatal disease. The emergence of insect resistance in mosquitoes raised the need for developing novel insecticides. Present research is focused on using fungus (Talaromyces islandicus) as the biosystem in the synthesis of nanoparticles. Myco-synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectrometry that exhibited a peak at 429 nm. The XRD spectral peaks were in the range of 27.83, 32.27, 38.23and 65.01. The FTIR spectrum showed peaks corresponding to O-H, N-O, S=O, etc. representing the silver nanoparticles. SEM and EDAX represent the formation of silver ions that are spherical in shape with a size range of 23 to 26 nm. The antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticles and the extract of Talaromyces islandicus were assessed by DPPH assay, reducing power assay and hydrogen peroxide assay. The nanoparticles studied for its bio efficacy against the larval stages of Aedes aegypti indicated the LC50 value of 352.03, 389.86, 397.72 and 443.50 when tested against first, second, third and fourth instar larvae. respectively. The LC50 value of 540.41 was determined against the pupae of Aedes. The predatory efficiency of P. reticulata indicated the positive feeding behaviour of the fish when exposed to the silver nanoparticles. The cell toxicity assay was conducted against C6/36 insect cell lines and the cell viability inhibition was calculated. A toxic free, environmentally acceptable approach for controlling the mosquito vector by utilizing fungal nanoparticles was assessed and their efficacy in vector control was analyzed in this study. 2022 Chemical Publishing Co.. All rights reserved. -
Biocontrol potential of Flemingia wightiana: A natural weapon against Culex quinquefasciatus
Globally, mosquito-borne diseases, particlulalry those transmitted by Culex quincquefasciatus pose a significant public health challenge. Traditional methods of eradication using synthetic insecticides pose environmental concerns and a risk of developing insecticide-resistant varieties. Here, the use of plant-based biopesticides offers a safer and sustainable alternative. The study aimed to investigate the insecticidal properties of Flemingia wightiana (FW) leaves by synthesising leaf extracts and silver nano-particles. The toxicity of the test samples was tested on Oreochromis niloticus at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/L. Furthermore, the test samples were subjected to lethality assay on C. quinquefasciatus. Laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of crude extract and silver nanoparticles of F. wightiana at varying concentrations, specifically 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/L. Ovicidal, emergency and larvicidal activity were studied. The results indicated significant larvicidal activity and exhibited better potential for toxicity against Culex larvae treated with AgNPs. FW-AgNPs have substantial effect in delaying the hatching of mosquito eggs. Moulting of larvae from one instar to the next was also delayed by treatment with AgNPs. The findings demonstrated that FW-AgNPs play a significant role in controlling C. quinquefasciatus populations. : Author (s). Publishing rights and ANSF. -
Bioconvection in buoyancy induced flow of Williamson nanofluid over a Riga Plate-DTM-Padapproach
The buoyancy induced flow of Williamson nanofluid containing Gyrotactic microorganisms along a vertical Riga plate has been investigated. This research aims at analysing the heat and mass transfer characteristics of Williamson Nanofluid in the presence of Gyrotactic microorganisms that helps in avoiding the agglomeration of nanoparticles during the nanofluid flow. The Gyrotactic microorganisms act as active mixers that help in stabilising the nanoparticles in the suspension. Also, the movement of these cells gives rise to a macro phenomenon called bioconvection that helps in preventing the agglomeration of nanoparticles. Furthermore, the magnetic field generated due to the flow of nanofluid is considered in addition to Thermophoresis and Brownian Motion to make the results more appropriate. Buongiornos Model has been incorporated to frame the system of equations that govern the fluid flow. Later, lie group analysis is performed to transform these equations into ordinary differential equations that are further solved using the differential transform method with Padapproximant. It is observed that the Lorentz force generated by the Riga plate in parallel to the flow helps in increasing the velocity of the nanofluid. It is also noticed that bioconvection reduces the flow speed and enhances the heat transfer rate. 2020 by American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved. -
Bioconvection of a radiating hybrid nanofluid past a thin needle in the presence of heterogeneous-homogeneous chemical reaction
The photocatalytic nature of TiO2 finds applications in medicinal field to kill cancer cells, bacteria, and viruses under mild ultraviolet illumination and the antibacterial characteristic of Ag makes the composition Ag - TiO2 applicable for various purposes. It can also be used in other engineering appliances and industries such as humidity sensor, coolants, and in footwear industry. Hence, this study deals with the analysis of the effects of magnetic field, thermal radiation, and quartic autocatalysis of heterogeneous-homogeneous reaction in an electrically conducting Ag - TiO2 - H2O hybrid nanofluid. Furthermore, the gyrotactic microorganisms are used as active mixers to prevent agglomeration and sedimentation of TiO2 that occurs due to its hydrophobic nature. The mathematical model takes the form of partial differential equations with viscosity and thermal conductivity being the functions of volume fraction. These equations are converted to ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation and are solved by RKF-45 method with the aid of shooting method. It is observed that the increase in the size of the needle enhances the overall performance of the hybrid nanofluid. Furthermore, the temperature of the hybrid nanofluid increases with the increase in volume fraction. It is observed that the friction produced by the Lorentz force increases the temperature of the nanofluid. It is further observed that the heterogeneous reaction parameter has more significant effect on the concentration of bulk fluid than the homogeneous reaction parameter. Copyright 2021 by ASME. -
Bioconvective DarcyFrochherimer flow of the ReeEyring nanofluid through a stretching sheet with velocity and thermal slips
In the current study, the bioconvective flow of ReeEyring through an expanding sheet with the porous medium is analyzed by considering the inclined magnetic field and gyrotactic microorganisms. Buongiorno's model, which defines the two major mechanisms; thermophoresis and Brownian motion is used to frame the mathematical model. The presence of motile cells helps in stabilizing the nanoparticle and avoids the sedimentation due to nanoparticles. The mathematical model with these assumptions is framed using partial differential equations (PDE) that are later remodeled to ordinary nonlinear differential equations by incorporating desirable similarity transformation. The equations so obtained shall be solved using DTM and the outcomes are described through graphs and tables. The graphs indicated that the velocity of the nanofluid flow reduces with the increase in the porosity and similarly, the higher values of Peclet number (Pe) are found to diminish the motile density. Whereas the increase in the thermophoresis parameter enhances the thermal and mass profiles of the nanofluid. 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Bioconvective flow of bi-viscous Bingham nanofluid subjected to Thompson and Troian slip conditions
This paper describes the bioconvection phenomenon and its significant influence on the thermal features of the flow of bi-viscous Bingham (BVB) nanofluid past a vertically stretching flat surface. The analysis of the impact of convection parameters is considered along with various other forces. Meanwhile, the flow of BVB nanofluid is put through the slip conditions defined by Thompson and Troian for the velocity at the boundary. The flow of BVB nanofluid is modeled using the partial differential equations (PDEs) under the assumptions of thermophoresis and Brownian motion which occur due to the movement of nanoparticles. Along with these forces, the radiation is also considered so that the obtained results are close to the practical scenarios. Thus, using the proper Lie group similarity transformations, the intended mathematical model is converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The resulting equation system is encoded using the RKF-45 technique, and the outcomes are explained using graphs and tables. The solutions found for the model showed that, for higher ranges of the non-Newtonian fluid parameter, the velocity decreases while the heat transferred by the nanofluid increases. The availability of motile density at the surface grows as the Plet number rises, whereas the Schmidt numbers decline in their respective profiles. 2023 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
Bioconvective flow of nanofluid past a cylinder subject to ThompsonTroian slip
The bioconvective flow of a nanofluid across a cylinder under the impact of ThompsonTroian slip conditions is studied in this work. The nonzero velocity at the boundary, which affects the distribution of shear stress and, in turn, the overall flow pattern, is explained by this slip condition. Additionally, the paper covers the dynamics of nanofluid flow and its mass and heat transfer characteristics. Partial differential equations (PDEs) that characterize the momentum, energy, concentration and species movement in the fluid, are used to simulate the flow. Through similarity transformations, these PDEs are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), simplifying the intricate flow phenomena. After applying the similarity transformations, the resulting system of ODEs is solved via the RungeKuttaFehlberg (RKF45) technique. The study emphasizes how important precise modeling and numerical solutions are for managing and predicting bioconvective flows in real-world applications, including cooling systems, chemical reactors and microfluidic devices. The results provide a basis for further research into more complex flow scenarios as well as for the creation of cutting-edge materials and technologies that take advantage of nanofluid dynamics. The changes in the slip parameter resulted in 12.23% changes in the Nusselt number, whereas the changes in the magnetic field parameter accounted for 1.22.4%. However, the velocity of the nanofluid was found to decrease for a stronger magnetic field. 2025 World Scientific Publishing Company.