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Design and Analysis of Conformal Antenna for Wearable Devices
This paper presents the design, modeling, and bending analysis of a conformal antenna operating at 2.4 GHz for wearable devices. The antenna's performance was evaluated using HFSS, focusing on return loss, geometry optimization, and bending effects. The optimal resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz was achieved for a patch length (Lp) of 41.78 mm and a width (Wp) of 50.20 mm, achieving a return loss of -34.94 dB and an impedance of 53.5 ohms. The antenna's width had minimal impact on the resonant frequency. When optimized on a Teflon substrate without bending, the antenna demonstrated excellent resonance and impedance matching, with a Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of 1.63 at 2.4 GHz, indicating minimal reflection. The E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns were analyzed at 2.4 GHz, showing a peak gain of 7.38 dB at a theta angle of 0 degrees. Bending analysis revealed that increased bending causes a negative shift in the resonance frequency and affects impedance matching. The proposed antenna is flexible, low-cost, and suitable for wearable medical devices and other applications in the 2.4 GHz frequency band, with return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern, and impedance results all within acceptable ranges. 2025 IEEE. -
Design and Analysis of Reliability Sampling Plans Based on the ToppLeone Generated Weibull Distribution
As part of this study, we design a reliability acceptance sampling plan under the assumption that the lifetime of a product follows the ToppLeone generated Weibull (TLGW) distribution, a model that exhibits structural symmetry in its hazard rate behavior and distributional form. The fundamental procedures for constructing such a plan are described. We compute and tabulate the minimum sample sizes required for given risk criteria using both binomial and Poisson models for the number of failures. We also provide the operating characteristic (OC) values for the proposed sampling plans, and determine the minimum ratios of true mean life to specified mean life needed to satisfy a given producers risk. The role of symmetry in the TLGW distribution is highlighted in its balanced tail properties and shape characteristics, which influence the performance of the acceptance sampling plan. Finally, we illustrate the applicability of the proposed plan with real-world data. 2025 by the authors. -
Design and analysis of single stage Step-up converter for Photovoltaic applications
Main novelty of the proposed work is dual leg single stage DC-AC converter for DC\AC grid and solar based applications. Operating principles, components design and modulation techniques are presented. Initially proposed concept is simulated in MATLAB Simulink platform and after validated in a real time prototype model is the future work. Proposed idea has some advantages like few passive components, less leakage current due to few switching frequency components, wide range voltage with absence of DC link capacitor. High efficiency due to single stage operation so this circuit is highly suitable for high\low voltage photo-voltaic energy conversion. Electromagnetic interference also less with continuous current. 2023 IEEE. -
Design and Analysis of Vertical Pressure Vessel using ASME Code and FEA Technique
In this project we are designing a pressure vessel using ASME section VIII and Division 2, designing a closed container to find the required thickness of the shell, head, nozzle and leg support. Uniform thickness assigned to the entire vessel, Modelling of the pressure vessel is carried out using Pro-e 2.0; meshing is carried out using Hypermesh 6.1. Here we used 2D Quad element for the meshing, Analysis is carried out using ANSYS Software 11 for two different cases, working pressure and Maximum operating pressure, fatigue analysis is carried out, and the result is 106. Finally, theoretical validation is carried out for the entire model, And the results are within the limit. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. -
Design and Analysis of Vortex Bladeless Wind Turbine
Vortex bladeless turbine antiquates the conventional wind turbine and adopts a radically innovative and novel approach to captivate the moving wind energy. This device effectively captures the energy of vorticity, an aerodynamic instability condition. As the wind passes a structure, the flow steers and cyclical patterns of vortices are generated. Once the strength of wind force is suffice, the structure starts vibrating and reaches resonance. Vortex bladeless is a vortex induced vibration resonant power generator. It harnesses wind energy from a phenomenon of vorticity, called vortex shedding effect. Clearly bladeless technology consists of a cylinder fixed vertically on an elastic rod, instead of tower, nacelle and blades which are the crucial parts of a conventional wind turbine. The cylinder oscillates on a specifically mentioned wind range, which then generate electricity through an alternator and a tuning system. In this paper the vortex turbine is designed with certain existing parameters of dimensions in Solidworks and the same is analyzed for different materials and dimensions of mast, which is an important part in the vortex turbine. Also various performance parameters like displacement, frequency etc. are also compared among different models. 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Design and characterization of SrO2-CMC-Dcar nanocomposite with enhanced antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities
HeLa cervical cancer cells exhibit high aggressiveness and proliferation, highlighting the need for novel therapies. Nanocomposite synthesis offers a promising approach due to its enhanced bioavailability, targeted delivery, and selective cytotoxicity. Thus, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and D-carvone (Dcar)-coated strontium oxide (SrO2) (SrO2-CMC-Dcar) nanocomposite were synthesized using a wet chemical method. Structural and morphological characterization using XRD, FTIR, PL spectroscopy, DLS, HRTEM, and XPS confirmed the successful synthesis of the nanocomposite. XRD analysis revealed that the crystallite sizes of SrO2 and SrO2-CMC-Dcar were 38nm and 29nm, respectively. PL spectra revealed prominent green emission at 516, 524, and 535nm, indicating that oxygen vacancies are associated with ROS generation. DLS analysis revealed that pure SrO2 exhibited a particle size distribution of 128.7nm, while the SrO2-CMC-Dcar nanocomposite showed an increased size of 244.80nm. The nanocomposite demonstrated an enhanced antimicrobial activity against MRSA and Candida albicans when compared to SrO2 alone. Furthermore, MTT assay results revealed that the SrO2CMCDcar composite significantly decreased HeLa cell viability to 11.94%, and the IC50 value was found to be 50.2 and 39.7 for SrO2 and nanocomposite SrO2-CMC-Dcar, respectively, confirming it enhanced anticancer potential. In addition, the SrO2-CMC-Dcar nanocomposite exhibited enhanced antioxidant properties demonstrated by DPPH free radical scavenging assays. These findings suggest that the SrO2-CMC-Dcar nanocomposite holds promise for therapeutic applications in combating cancer, microbial infections, and oxidative stress. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Design and development of a method for detecting sleep roll-over counts using accelerometer ADXL335
Sleep plays an important role as it helps human body to rejuvenate, boosts mental function and manage stress. Sleep is restorative function which enhances muscle growth, repairs tissues, maintains health and make physical appearance look or feel better. The lack of sleep in human body can increase the risk of diseases which are asthma, diabetes, depression. For healthy physiological function, sleep is essential and has strong relation to mental condition. Easy way of sleep management is considered for maintaining good mental health. Numerous scientists, doctors and researchers have proposed various ways to monitor sleep, some of those best tests are polysomnography test and actigraphy test. However, taking sleep test covering the whole body with wires and electrodes which is polysomnography test is uncomfortable for patients, and sensors used for different approaches like this are costly and often require overnight treatment and expert monitoring in clinics. Therefore, easy way of detecting roll-over movements which is convenient for patients to wear is proposed. Accelerometer ADXL335 sensor is taped on socks during sleep which is comfortable for patients to wear and do not cause any inconvenience during sleep. Algorithm is proposed to read the dataset and count the roll-over during the sleep based on threshold. Resulting the number of roll-over detected during a sleep period. Copyright 2020 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
Design and Development of Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Processing System for Optimizing Security of Software System
Software security vulnerabilities are significant for the software development industry. Exploration is conducted for software development industry landscape, software development eco-system landscape, and software system customer landscape. The focus is to explore the data sources that can provide the software development team with insights to act upon the security vulnerabilities proactively. Across these modules of software landscape, customer landscape, and industry landscape, data sources are leveraged using artificial intelligence approaches to identify the security insights. The focus is also on building a smart knowledge management system that integrates the information processed across modules into a central system. This central intelligence system can be further leveraged to manage software development activities proactively. In this exploration, machine learning and deep learning approaches are devised to model the data and learn from across the modules. Architecture for all the modules and their integration is also proposed. Work helps to envision a smart system for Artificial Intelligence-based knowledge management for managing software security vulnerabilities. 2023, Crown. -
Design and development of cognitive improvement through virtual reality based treatment using mathematical model
Virtual reality (VR) used in rehabilitation has the potential to enhance the quality of life for individuals with various medical conditions. As a result of this novel approach, there has been an increase in the number of individuals who are now giving their attention and actively engaging in rehabilitation programmes. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and advantages of virtual reality-based rehabilitation programmes in comparison to traditional educational methods for enhancing and strengthening talents. The creative capacity of VR was assessed through a study involving 50 participants who are going through regular traditional therepy methods. Virtual reality therapy enhances cognitive functions. As a result of the changes, there was a 30-40% increase in growth using proposed mathamatical model compared to traditional methods. The study revealed that the use of virtual reality-based personalised rehabilitation resulted in enhanced cognitive function and improved retention of knowledge among the participants. 2024, Taru Publications. All rights reserved. -
Design and Development of Mobile Robot Manipulator for Patient Service During Pandemic Situations
Time and manpower are important constraints for completing large-scale tasks in this rapidly growing civilization. In most of the regular and often carried out works, such as welding, painting, assembly, container filling, and so on, automation is playing a vital part in reducing human effort. One of the key and most commonly performed activities is picking and placing projects from source to destination. Constant monitoring of patient bodily indicators such as temperature, pulse rate, and oxygen level and service of the patients becomes challenging in the current pandemic condition to the nurses and medical staffs. In consideration to this, a mobile robot with an integrated robotic arm has been designed and developed which can be available for service of patients continuously alongside monitoring them in general ward as well as in ICU of hospitals. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Design and Development of Multi-Sensor ADEP for Bore Wells Integrated with IoT Enabled Monitoring Framework
Typically, about 51% of the groundwater satisfies the drinking water worldwide and is regarded as the major source for the purpose of irrigation. Moreover, the monitoring and assessment of groundwater over bore wells is essential to identify the effect of seasonal changes, precipitations, and the extraction of water. Hence, there is a need to design a depth sensor probe for bore wells so as to analyze/monitor the quality of underground water thereby estimating any geophysical variations like landslides/earthquakes. Once the depth sensor probe is designed, the data is collected over wireless sensor network (WSN) medium and is stored in cloud for further monitoring and analyzing purposes. WSN is the major promising technologies that offer the real-time monitoring opportunities for geographical areas. The wireless medium in turn senses and gathers data like rainfall, movement, vibration, moisture, hydrological and geological aspects of soil that helps in better understanding of landslide or earthquake disasters. In this paper, the design and development of geophysical sensor probe for the deep bore well so as to monitor and collect the data like geological and hydrological conditions. The data collected is then transmitted by wireless network to analyze the geological changes which can cause natural disaster and water quality assessment. 2023 The Authors. Published by AnaPub Publications. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) -
Design and Development of Novel Nut-shaped SRR unit cell and analysis of DNG property
This paper presents design and development of a novel Nut-shaped Metamaterial Split Ring Resonator as a unit cell. Metamaterials with negative permittivity and permeability play a crucial role in improving the antenna performance. The unit cell comprises of two Split Ring Resonator with a thin transmission line connecting them. This structure measures a size 12 mm x 12 mm on the FR4 substrate of 16 mm x 16 mm x 1.6 mm. The shape of the unit cell developed in this work has been evolved using nature-inspired fractal geometries on a FR4 substrate. The simulation in the frequency range 2-4 GHz and the retrieval of negative medium properties have been carried out using HFSS 18.2 and MATLAB respectively. The fabrication and experimental verification have also been performed. Using the transmission S#$ and reflection S$$ properties the double negative medium properties have been studied using both the Nicholson-Ross-Weir as well as the Transmission-Reflection methods. Comparison of simulation and experimental results of both the methods exhibit the existence of negative medium properties of the unit cell within the selected frequency range. The proposed unit cell exhibits the Effective medium ratio value of 8.16 and 7.45 at 3.06 GHz and 3.35 GHz. This type of DNG SRR unit cell is recommended for Electromagnetic Energy harvesting applications. 2025, Advanced Electromagnetics. All rights reserved. -
Design and Development of Teaching and Learning Tool Using Sign Language Translator to Enhance the Learning Skills for Students With Hearing and Verbal Impairment
This research paper presents a system designed for the students with verbal and hearing impairments by enabling realtime Sign-to-Text and Text-to-Sign Language conversion, with a specific focus on the Indian Sign Language (ISL). The proposed study aligns to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of Quality Education. The system leverages cutting-edge technologies, MediaPipe for holistic key point extraction encompassing hand and facial movements, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architecture powered by TensorFlow and Keras for accurate sign language interpretation. This comprehensive approach ensures nuanced aspects of sign language, such as facial expressions and hand movements, are faithfully represented. On the receiving end, the system excels at Text-to-Sign Language conversion, allowing non-sign language users to interact naturally with sign language users through textual input transformed into sign language animations and Sign-to-Text conversion where the information from the sign language users is converted to text which ensures smooth communication. A user-friendly web application, developed using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, enhances accessibility and intuitive usage for realtime communication. This research represents a significant advancement in assistive technology, promoting inclusivity and communication accessibility. It underlines the transformative potential of innovation infostering a more connected and inclusive world for all, regardless of their hearing abilities 2024 IEEE. -
Design and Development of Terahertz Medical Screening Devices
This paper highlights the prospect of design and development of a terahertz medical screening system, giving an overview of existing devices, systems, for THz spectroscopy and imaging of biological samples (e.g., cell, tissue imaging or screening). Considering the non-ionizing nature of THz waves along with its reasonable soft-tissue sensitivity, terahertz instrumentation has opened up possibilities for medical screening devices. Some THz imaging systems presently use raster scanning for calculation of image region of interest. Here, a particular system is proposed as a medical screening device and factors like signal-to-noise ratio, image resolution, image contrast, etc., have been described and correlated with relevant clinical results for exploring possible prospects in medical applications of terahertz waves. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Design and Evaluation of Wi-Fi Offloading Mechanism in Heterogeneous Networks
In recent years, WiFi offloading provides a potential solution for improving ad hoc network performance along with cellular network. This paper reviews the different offloading techniques that are implemented in various applications. In disaster management applications, the cellular network is not optimal for existing case studies because the lack of infrastructure. MANET Wi-Fi offloading (MWO) is one of the potential solutions for offloading cellular traffic. This word combines the cellular network with mobile ad hoc network by implementing the technique of Wi-Fi offloading. Based on the applications requirements the offloading techniques implemented into mobile-to-mobile (M-M), mobile-to-cellular (M-C), mobile-to-AP (M-AP). It serves more reliability, congestion eliminated, increasing data rate, and high network performance. The authors also identified the issue while implementing the offloading techniques in network. Finally, this paper achieved the better performance results compared to existing approaches implemented in disaster management. Copyright 2021, IGI Global. -
Design and experimental validation of multi-section directional coupler with arbitrary coupling and high directivity for sub-6 GHz UWB applications
This work presents a geometrically simple topology for developing an ultra-wideband directional coupler with improved coupling and directivity. A short-ended coupled-line structure is used to achieve an ultra-wideband, tightly coupled symmetric three-section coupler using the microstrip line technology. The proposed design demonstrates an explicit improvement of approximately 1.2 dB in coupling compared to conventional multi-section directional couplers. Calculated, simulated, and measured responses validate the effectiveness of the proposed configuration in terms of low-ripple coupling bandwidth, low insertion loss, and improved directivity performance compared to respective responses of the conventional structure. Couplers featuring a higher number of sections to implement different bandwidths and couplings can be fabricated using the presented structure due to its transmission line-based approach. A prototype of the three-section directional coupler with coupling of 7.6 dB, 8.1 dB, and 8.3 dB and corresponding bandwidths of 104%, 123% and 133% is designed, fabricated, and measured. The experimental results confirm that the coupler can reliably achieve higher coupling with ultra-wideband response from 0.75 GHz to 3.75 GHz (5:1) with 8.3 1.4 dB (ripple). Additionally, the design yields promising performance with return loss > 16 dB, isolation > 20 dB, a phase difference of 90 4, and directivity > 30 dB, and the maximum circuit size is 0.067?02. This work aligns with SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure by advancing high-performance microwave components that support efficient, reliable, and scalable communication infrastructure. 2026 Patel et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. -
Design and genome engineering of microbial cell factories for efficient conversion of lignocellulose to fuel
The gradually increasing need for fossil fuels demands renewable biofuel substitutes. This has fascinated an increasing investigation to design innovative energy fuels that have comparable Physico-chemical and combustion characteristics with fossil-derived fuels. The efficient microbes for bioenergy synthesis desire the proficiency to consume a large quantity of carbon substrate, transfer various carbohydrates through efficient metabolic pathways, capability to withstand inhibitory components and other degradation compounds, and improve metabolic fluxes to synthesize target compounds. Metabolically engineered microbes could be an efficient methodology for synthesizing biofuel from cellulosic biomass by cautiously manipulating enzymes and metabolic pathways. This review offers a comprehensive perspective on the trends and advances in metabolic and genetic engineering technologies for advanced biofuel synthesis by applying various heterologous hosts. Probable technologies include enzyme engineering, heterologous expression of multiple genes, CRISPR-Cas technologies for genome editing, and cell surface display. 2022 Elsevier Ltd -
Design and Implementation Bidirectional DC-AC Converter for Energy Storage System
This article proposes a bidirectional single-phase dc-ac converter with triple port converter (T-PC) for application of energy storage. This proposed converter provides three ports such as ac port, dc port, and dc bus port to achieve three power interfacing ports. For the direct conversion process, dc port is directly connected to T-PC, and direct power will be exchanged between energy storage device (ESD) and grid when the ESD voltage peak amplitude is lower than the ac voltage. Thus, a dc-dc converter downstream power process gets reduced, and power loss is decreased considerably. Due to multilevel characteristics, switching losses in the T-PC can be reduced. The efficiency of the overall bidirectional dc-ac conversion process can be increased significantly. The circuit model, working principle, and modulation control of T-PC-based bidirectional dc-ac conversion concepts are analyzed. A 1.5-kW test-bench model is developed and its effectiveness is verified to find the merits of suggested conversion. 2021 IEEE. -
Design and Implementation of a High-Speed Level Shifter at 45nm, 90nm, and 180nm Technology Nodes using Cadence
In this work, a CMOS inverter-based level shifter in Differential Cascode Voltage Switch Logic (DCVSL) is constructed and its operation is investigated. The width and length variations of transistors at three technological nodes 45, 90, and 180 nm are compared based on the circuit behaviour. A critical analysis of the impact of supply voltage scaling on NMOS and PMOS transistors is also presented. There is also a comparison of the effects of transistor widths and lengths, as well as supply voltage variations of 1.8V, 1.5V, and 1.0V, on circuit performance. Additionally, this study compares wavelength variation and its impact on device attributes. Dynamic power, static power, energy, and delay are evaluated at the transistor and direct current levels. The Cadence Virtuoso simulation tool illustrates the variations in inverter performance under various scaling conditions. The results demonstrate that careful optimization of transistor dimensions and supply voltage can significantly enhance the performance and power efficiency of the level shifter, providing valuable insights for low-power, high-speed VLSI applications. 2025 IEEE. -
Design and Implementation of a Hybrid Solar-Grid Charging Infrastructure with IoT-Based Control
The rapid growth of e-bikes and e-scooters is straining conventional, fossil-fuel-intensive power grids and exposing a critical gap in urban charging infrastructure. In this work, a fully modular hybrid station that synergistically couples three energy vectorsphotovoltaics, second-life Li-ion battery packs, and the utility gridvia an intelligent, sub-50 ms source-arbitration network. The power-conditioning front end employs a flyback-derived SMPS delivering five tightly regulated outputs (5 V, 12 V, 37 V, 48 V DC; 230 V AC) at 9295% efficiency, while a bidirectional synchronous boost stage attains 9497% efficiency and future-proofs the system for vehicle-to-grid operation. End-to-end power quality is preserved with < 5% total harmonic distortion under dynamic loads. An ESP32-centric IoT stack with LoRaWAN back-haul furnishes kilometre-scale telemetry, secure billing, and over-the-air firmware updates, whereas a BiLSTM-assisted battery-management layer enables real-time state-of-charge and state-of-health tracking of repurposed EV modulesextending their usable life and anchoring circular-economy objectives. By fusing high-efficiency power conversion, adaptive energy-source orchestration, and cloud-native intelligence in a compact footprint, the proposed platform sets a scalable blueprint for low-carbon, resilient charging ecosystems that can keep pace with the next wave of urban micro-mobility. 2025 IEEE.