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Impact of national income and public expenditure on employment and its public-private sector composition in indian economy
The paper focuses on the analysis of the impact of Gross National Income and Public Expenditure on total employment and its public and private sector components. It also examines the ratios of public and private sector employment to total employment and public sector to private sector employment. Results of summary statistics of employment, public and private sector employment, public expenditure, and gross national income are briefly discussed. Growth of total employment, public and private sector employment, gross national income and public expenditure is examined to determine the direction and magnitudes of inter-temporal changes. Growth trend of all three ratios is determined to detect and to anticipate the interrelations of change. Stationarity of time series of total employment, employment in public and private sectors, gross national income and public expenditure of Indian economy is evaluated by Random Walk Model and Dickey-Fuller test. Results show that the time series data of total, public and private sector employment approximate normal distribution with extremely low skewedness and concentration. The coefficients of variation of all 6 time series data are relatively very low. But the time series of GNI is non-stationary at 0.05 probability level, while time series of public expenditure displays negative trend. Negative change in private sector employment is determined by lagged private sector employment and private income/expenditure. Results of Engel-Granger test of co-integration show the variables to be well co-integrated in the chosen distributed lag models. 2021 DAV College. All rights reserved. -
Impact of Network Virtualization on Application Performance Metrics
The advent of network virtualization has redefined modern networking philosophies by allowing the partitioning of physical networks into virtual networks that are easily scalable, elastic, and efficient. The shift has been markedly critical to the function of applications in virtualized settings. This research examines the impact of network virtualization on key application performance indicators, including latency, throughput, packet loss, and resource utilization. The paper empirically assesses factors related to user experience and system performance by analyzing various virtualization technologies, including Software-Defined Networks (SDN), Network Functions Virtualization (NFV), and virtual overlay networks. The approach used entails deploying controlled benchmark applications on both virtualized and non-virtualized networks and measuring deviations from benchmark performance. Results indicate a strong correlation between the moderation of network performance overhead with virtualization and the presence of adaptive performance improvement schemes tailored to specific conditions. The efficiency of the hypervisor, placement of network functions, and orchestration policies significantly influence the responsiveness of the applications Additionally, the paper addresses the increasing scalability limitations of performance in cloud-native and edge-computing environments. There is a finding that indicates increased need for research 'effective intelligent resource management and adaptive network reconfiguration strategies in order to minimize latency and redundant bandwidth allocation bottlenecks'. 2025, Innovative Information Science and Technology Research Group. All rights reserved. -
Impact of New CSR Bill on Indian Standard & Poor 50
Research Revolution, Vol-1 (3), pp. 1-4. -
Impact of NiO/CuO as additives on the pseudocapacitive performance of SiO2-GO composite: Insights from experimental investigation
Recent interest in pseudocapacitive materials faces challenges like degradation and high costs, while low-cost carbon materials suffer from low capacitance. SiO2-GO composites, despite their potential, remain unexplored for pseudocapacitors. The present study addresses this gap by focusing on the synthesis and characterization of SiO2-GO composites, both in their pure form and doped with NiO and/or CuO. These materials are subsequently investigated for their suitability as electrode materials in supercapacitor applications. The obtained results have been comprehensively analyzed with respect to the bonding interactions and morphological characteristics of each material variant. This analysis aims to elucidate how the incorporation of NiO and/or CuO influences the structural integrity, surface chemistry, and electrochemical performance of the SiO2-GO composites. By investigating these aspects, we aim to contribute new insights that could lead to the development of efficient and cost-effective pseudocapacitive electrode materials. 2024 Elsevier Ltd -
Impact of Node Failures on Productivity in Multilayer Supply Chain Networks: An Influence Network Analysis in the Indian Electronics Sector
Supply chain networks are essential for the delivery of goods and information, but disruptions such as natural disasters or trade embargoes can severely impact them. Resilience of entire networks under different types of disruptions when nodes or edges fail has been extensively studied. However, the extent to which the failure of a particular company affects another company of interest within a network has not been widely explored. To address this, we created a multilayer physical supply chain network of companies in the Indian electronics industry. Through systematic node removal simulations, we examined how the productivity of one company is impacted by the removal of another. Extending these simulations to include all possible combinations of companies yielded an influence network that represents interdependence among nodes in terms of productivity. We observed that removing a critical node could lead to not only a decrease but, quite counter-intuitively, an increase as well in the productivity of affected nodes. This study identifies the factors that influence these productivity changes and offers insights to supply chain managers to maintain network resilience in the face of node failures. 2025, Binghamton University Libraries. All rights reserved. -
Impact of ohmic heating on MHD mixed convection flow of Casson fluid by considering Cross diffusion effect
Present communication aims to discuss the impact of viscous dissipation on MHD flow, heat and mass transfer of Casson fluid over a plate by considering mixed convection. Nonlinear partial differential systems are reduced to the ordinary ones through transformation procedure. The modelled nonlinear systems are computed implementing RKF-45 scheme. Convergent solutions for velocity and temperature and concentration fields are given diagrammatically. The obtained results are compared with published literatures and reasonable agreement is found. It is found that, temperature profile increases by increasing values of Dufour parameter, whereas on opposite trend is observed in concentration profile for increasing values Soret parameter. 2019 B.J. Gireesha et al. -
Impact of online cooperative learning strategies on self-directed learning among pre-service teachers
Self-directed learning (SDL) often drives learners to engage with what they want to learn. Thus, investigating teaching-learning strategies that drive SDL gains importance in this technology-driven era. The present study investigates the impact of online cooperative learning (OCL) strategies on SDL skills among pre-service teachers (PST). The study engaged 130 PSTs using a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design with a pretest and posttest. The study divided PST into a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group underwent OCL strategy, and the control group had a traditional online lecture method. The researchers measured the SDL of PST using the SDL scale. The paired sample t-test results indicated a significant enhancement in SDL skills among the experimental group compared to the control group. The findings underscore the importance of integrating cooperative learning (CL) strategies in online instruction to foster SDL ability among learners. Further studies may create user-friendly features in video-conferencing platforms that provide more opportunities to engage students with CL pedagogies. 2025, Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama. All rights reserved. -
Impact of organizational commitment on organizational citizenship behavior in higher professional education: An empirical investigation
In the landscape of higher professional education, the dynamics between "organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)" play a pivotal role in shaping the culture and performance of educational institutions. In the perspective of higher professional education institutions, understanding the relationship between these constructs is of paramount importance, as it can significantly influence the overall effectiveness and performance of academic institutions. The primary purposes of the study are twofold: first, to examine the "relationship between organizational commitment and OCB" among faculty and staff in higher professional education institutions; and second, to explore the impact of OCB on institutional outcomes. Quantitative analyses, such as correlation, are employed to decipher the intricate links between these constructs. The findings of this study reveal "a strong positive correlation between organizational commitment" and OCB among faculty and staff in higher professional education. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Impact of Organizational Commitment on Turnover Intentions in BPO Sector
Global Journal of Arts & Management, Vol-2 (3), pp. 223-226. ISSN-2249-264X -
Impact of organizational culture traits on employee intention to stay in the IT services sector: An empirical analysis
Employee retention poses a significant challenge in the Indian IT services sector, where frequent turnover leads to the loss of organizational knowledge and reduced productivity. This study assesses the impact of organizational culture on employees intention to stay in Indian-origin IT services companies in Bengaluru. We used Denisons Organizational Culture Model to measure culture across four dimensions, namely involvement, consistency, adaptability, and mission, and the Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire to measure intention to stay. Using purposive sampling, we collected data from 384 employees of major Indian-origin IT firms between July 2023 and March 2024. Data were analyzed using factor analysis, linear regression, and Hayess PROCESS macro in SPSS 20.0. The results indicate that organizational culture has a significant and positive impact on employees intention to stay (? = 0.286, p < .001), accounting for 8.2% of the variance (R2 = 0.082). Path analysis confirms a strong positive effect (effect size = 0.486, 95% CI [0.322, 0.650], p < .001). The factor analysis demonstrates that stronger cultural dimensions especially empowerment, coordination and integration, organizational learning, and goals and objectives enhance employee retention in IT services firms. The study recommends that HR policies integrate cultural development to strengthen employee commitment and retention. Future studies should explore additional job and organizational factors that influence employee loyalty. Silpa Mary John, Smita Kavatekar, 2025. -
Impact of people management practices on organizational performance: Analysis of a causal model
Although researchers in strategic human resource management have established a relationship between HRM practices and organizational performance, the intervening process connecting HRM system and organizational performance remains unexplored. This paper, based on a study on Indian software companies, is an attempt to develop and test a causal model linking HRM with organizational performance through an intervening process. The study has found that not even a single HRM practice has direct causal connection with organizational financial performance. At the same time, it has been found that each and every HRM practice under study has an indirect influence on the operational and financial performance of the organization. Further, HRM practices such as training, job design, compensation and incentives directly affect the operational performance parameters, viz., employee retention, employee productivity, product quality, speed of delivery and operating cost. -
Impact of Perceived Social Support on Patient Empowerment: A Study of Online Patient Support Groups
Disease-specific online patient support groups have emerged predominantly in last 30years, and these are being visited by a large number of patents. These platforms obviously bring important benefits to the patients visiting them. An important variable is the perceived social support that patients feel they derive while interacting with healthcare providers and fellow patients over there. Patient empowerment is another variable, and which has been found to be a critical factor in overall well-being of patients. How does the perceived social support felt by patients visiting an online patient support group impact their perceived empowerment? This paper explores this question. Research design is associative, and for which the data has been procured online from the patients visiting online patient support groups. The questionnaire comprises of an independent variable (perceived social support) and a dependent variable (patient empowerment). Validated scales have been used. For analysis, a factor analysis was undertaken to reconfirm the validity of the scales. Thereafter, regression equation has been developed to measure the impact. Results show that the model obtained passes the fitness and the independent variable has a significant positive association with patient empowerment. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Impact of plastic contaminants on marine ecosystems and advancement in the detection of micro/nano plastics: A review
Micro/nanoplastics pollute all levels of the food web, beginning from aquatic algae, invertebrates, and other fish, through bioaccumulation or even physical and chemical damages augmenting degradation of the marine ecosystem. Besides plastic litter, other toxic chemicals employed in the manufacture of plastics also destroy stable ecosystems. Micro/nanoplastics are toxic to marine organisms through induction of blockage of ingestion, oxidative stress, and reproductive effects. Bivalves such as oysters accumulate microplastics in tissues, which decreases filtration rates. Polystyrene nanoplastics induce endocrine disturbance and neurotoxicity in fish. Seabirds suffer from gut inflammation ("plasticosis"), and zooplankton suffers from decreased feeding rates, which impacts trophic transfer. This review identifies some of the recent developments in electrochemical detection techniques, with a focus on electrochemical sensors and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Electrochemical sensors like CdS/CeO? heterojunction-based sensors have been able to detect 0.38 ng/mL of polystyrene nanoplastics. Biochar-modified electrodes and nanoporous gold sensors have also become more sensitive to trace detection levels (?0.44 nM) for microplastics. SERS-based techniques, for instance, membranes with Ag nanoparticles on anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) and metalphenolic networks with luminescence, have facilitated detection of polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene nanoplastics in environmental matrices, with detection limits of 0.1 ?g/mL for 500 nm polystyrene and 1 ?g/mL for smaller plastic mimics. Although portable Raman spectrometers are sufficient for larger particulates, they need SERS enhancement for detecting oceanic matrix-bound nanoparticles. This article presents a critical overview of recent progress in the application of electrochemical sensors, Raman spectroscopy, and commercially available hardware to investigate their extended applications. Challenges and future directions for improved real-time monitoring with improved sensitivity and selectivity are also presented along with interference mitigation. 2025 The Author(s) -
Impact of porous nanoparticles on the electro-optical and dielectric parameters of nematic liquid crystals for display applications: Cost effective approach
In this study, several vital electro-optical and dielectric properties of nematic liquid crystal (NLC) dispersed with porous carbon nanoparticles (PCNP) with three different concentrations were measured. NLCs are birefringent materials. Increased birefringence was observed for NLC-PCNP composites. Dielectric study was also performed for NLC dispersed with PCNPs. Dielectric anisotropy was found to be increased for PCNP dispersed NLC system. Contrast ratio was also measured for NLC dispersed with PCNP, and it is found to be enhanced. Decreased threshold voltage was observed after dispersing PCNP into NLC. High birefringence reduces the cell gap so this work may be applicable in the making of flat panel displays (FPDs). 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Impact of porous nanoparticles on the electro-optical and dielectric parameters of nematic liquid crystals for display applications: Cost effective approach
In this study, several vital electro-optical and dielectric properties of nematic liquid crystal (NLC) dispersed with porous carbon nanoparticles (PCNP) with three different concentrations were measured. NLCs are birefringent materials. Increased birefringence was observed for NLC-PCNP composites. Dielectric study was also performed for NLC dispersed with PCNPs. Dielectric anisotropy was found to be increased for PCNP dispersed NLC system. Contrast ratio was also measured for NLC dispersed with PCNP, and it is found to be enhanced. Decreased threshold voltage was observed after dispersing PCNP into NLC. High birefringence reduces the cell gap so this work may be applicable in the making of flat panel displays (FPDs). 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Impact of Prolonged Screen Time on the Mental Health of Students During COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic has struck every sector around the world, including the education sector. The pandemic has forced educational institutions around the world to close, putting academic calendars in jeopardy. To keep academic activities going, most educational institutes have switched to online learning platforms. However, the lack of e-learning readiness and the current crisis has taken a toll on students mental health significantly. In this study, we hope to understand better students impressions of online education and the impact of prolonged screen time on students mental health. From the responses of 438 students, our study aims to identify the causes of stress in students due to the online mode of education. From eye stress to limited social interaction, all factors leading to poor mental health are considered. Suggestions for addressing the challenges of online education and approaches to create a more successful online learning environment are also provided. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Impact of Restrictive Trade Policies, Channel Conflict and Uncertain Business Environment on Marketing Channel Satisfaction in FMCG Sector
Purpose: This study examines the influence of restrictive trade policies, channel conflict, and uncertain business environments on marketing channel satisfaction in the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector. It explores how external policy interventions and environmental volatility shape channel dynamics and satisfaction levels. Design/Methodology: A structured questionnaire was administered to channel members in the FMCG sector in Kerala. Data were analyzed using correlation and regression techniques to assess the direct effects of restrictive trade policies and channel conflicts. Data from 189 wholesalers and 262 retailers in Kerala in the FMCG Sector, was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results: The results indicate that restrictive trade policies and channel conflicts significantly and negatively impact channel satisfaction. Additionally, the uncertain business environment exacerbates these negative effects. Practical Implications: The findings provide actionable guidance for both policy-makers and marketing channel managers in the FMCG sector. Conclusions: This study contributes to marketing channel literature by integrating policy, conflict, and environmental perspectives into a single framework. It underscores the importance of understanding how macro-level restrictions and uncertainties interact with micro-level channel dynamics in shaping satisfaction, particularly in emerging market contexts. This study is very relevant in the field of distribution science. The Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://Creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Impact of Risk Perception on Use and Satisfaction with Online Pharmacies and Proposed Use of IoT to Minimize Risks
This study investigates consumer risk perceptions regarding online pharmacies and their impact on usage frequency and satisfaction. The growing popularity of online pharmacies offers benefits such as accessibility, cost savings, and privacy. However, significant risks, including the potential for counterfeit drugs and insufficient medical oversight, raise concerns. This study has measured consumer perceptions of risk, satisfaction, and usage frequency through a survey conducted in Northeast India, excluding Sikkim (online) and Sikkim (offline). The findings reveal that the fear of receiving counterfeit medications is a significant risk factor, negatively influencing both the frequency of use and consumer satisfaction. Despite this, the impact is relatively weak, suggesting that while risk perception is a concern, it does not significantly deter online pharmacy usage. The study suggests that integrating advanced technologies such as IoT, RFID, and blockchain can mitigate these risks by ensuring the authenticity of medications in the supply chain. 2024 IEEE. -
Impact of Rupee Volatility on the Financials of the Indian IT Companies
International Journal of Advanced Research in Economics and Commerce, Vol-1 (1), pp. 1-8. ISSN-2320-7248 -
Impact of sentimental factors on stock portfolio returns an empirical analysis
This study aims to introduce an integrated model for understanding the influence of various sentimental factors in conjunction with macroeconomic factors on portfolio returns across ten industry sectors within the US market. These sentimental factors are categorized into market-wide, consumer, and individual stock market factors to assess their impact on industry portfolio returns. Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, the study evaluates the effects of macroeconomic and sentimental factors on stock market portfolio returns. The findings reveal a negative relationship between short-term interest rates and portfolio returns in specific industry sectors like manufacturing, telecom, and wholesale/retail. The study finds a positive relationship between the Hi-tech sector's risk spread and portfolio returns. Market sentimental factors positively influence portfolio returns of durable, non-durable, utility, and other sectors. Individual sentimental factors negatively impact portfolio returns in hi-tech, utility, durable, energy, and other sectors. The stock market-related individual, sentimental factor of the number of IPOs has a positive impact on portfolio returns in the energy sector and a negative impact on portfolio returns in other sectors. Consumer sentimental factors are significant positive determinants for portfolio returns in durable, energy, telecom, health, and other sectors. Discounts on closed-end funds may provide vital fundamental information regarding lower future earnings for stocks in the durable and energy sectors. The study provides valuable insights for investors to optimize their portfolio strategies in response to macroeconomic and sentimental factors within specific industry sectors. 2024 The Authors