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PEDOT decorated with PTIR nanoclusters on carbon fiber paper toward electrocatalytic reduction of a hypertensive drug olmesartan medoxomil
A facile electrochemical sensor was developed by electrochemical deposition of PtIr nanoparticles on poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) modified carbon fiber paper electrode (CFP). The modified electrodes were characterized by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), RAMAN spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electroanalytical techniques. PtIr-PEDOT modified CFP electrode was used successfully in the determination of an anti-hypertensive prodrug Olmesartan medoxomil (OM) at femtomolar (fM) level for the first time. Under optimal conditions, the prepared electrochemical sensor has shown broad linear range between 0.001 pM and 0.220 pM and superior detection limit of 3.42 fM was observed based on Differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) study. In addition, the designed electrochemical sensor was successfully demonstrated as a novel platform in the electrochemical determination of OM in human urine and pharmaceutical samples. 2018 The Electrochemical Society. -
PEDOT-Doped Mesoporous Nanocarbon Electrodes for High Capacitive Aqueous Symmetric Supercapacitors
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and PEDOT-functionalized carbon nanoparticles (f-CNPs) were synthesized by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization and pyrolysis methods. f-CNP-PEDOT nanocomposites were prepared by varying the concentration of PEDOT from 1 to 20% by weight (i.e., 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 wt%). Several characterization techniques, such as field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 BrunauerEmmettTeller (BET) and BarrettJoynerHalenda (BJH) analyses, as well as cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were applied to investigate the morphology, the crystalline structure, the N2 adsorption/desorption capability, as well as the electrochemical properties of these new synthesized nanocomposite materials. FESEM analysis showed that these nanocomposites have defined porous structures, and BET surface area analysis showed that the standalone f-CNP exhibited the largest surface area of 801.6 m2/g, whereas the f-CNP-PEDOT with 20 wt% exhibited the smallest surface area of 116 m2/g. The BJH method showed that the nanocomposites were predominantly mesoporous. CV, GCD, and EIS measurements showed that f-CNP functionalized with 5 wt% PEDOT had a higher capacitive performance compared to the individual f-CNPs and PEDOT constituents, exhibiting an extraordinary specific capacitance of 258.7 F/g, at a current density of 0.25 A/g, due to the combined advantage of enhanced electrochemical activity induced by PEDOT doping, and highly developed porosity of f-CNPs. Symmetric aqueous supercapacitor devices were fabricated using the optimized f-CNP-PEDOT doped with 5 wt% of PEDOT as active material, exhibiting a high capacitance of 96.7 F/g at 1.4 V, holding practically their full charge, after 10,000 chargedischarge cycles at 2 A/g, thus providing the highest electrical electrodes performance. Hereafter, this work paves the way for the potential use of f-CNP-PEDOT nanocomposites in the development of high-energy-density supercapacitors. 2024 by the authors. -
Peer Influence on Students Online Addiction Behaviors: Implications for Prevention Strategies Through Multidimensional Addiction Behavior Scale
This chapter explores how peer influence affects students online addiction behaviours, emphasizing peer pressure, social norms, and modelling. It outlines the risks and protective factors in peer interactions, supported by empirical evidence, and considers moderating factors such as peer group dynamics and individual traits. The chapter proposes prevention strategies, including educational programs, peer- led initiatives, and institution- based efforts. It also highlights the Multidimensional Addiction Behaviour Scale (MABS) as a critical tool for assessing addiction across five dimensions-Psychological, Biological, Social and Environmental, Cognitive and Behavioral, Motivation and Readiness for change. MABS is invaluable for detecting, preventing, and intervening in digital addiction by offering comprehensive insights into how peer dynamics influence online behaviours and supporting the development of targeted strategies for healthier digital habits. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Peers, Parents and Families as agents of influence on adolescents perspectives towards people with Mental Health Problems: Mental Health Professionals Views
Purpose: This study aims to explore mental health professionals views on adolescent attitudes towards their peers with mental health problems and the influence of parental, familial and societal environments on these attitudes. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative research design was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seventeen mental health professionals in Bangalore, India, with at least two years of experience working with adolescents. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview data. Findings: Mental health professionals reported diverse adolescent attitudes towards peers with mental health issues, ranging from support to bullying and exclusion. Family dynamics, peer influence and societal stigma were identified as significant factors shaping these attitudes. Research limitations/implications: The remote interviews during the pandemic limited access to non-verbal cues and work settings. The study focused on professionals' views from Bangalore, not capturing the diverse needs of adolescents across India. Additionally, practitioners from urban settings might not represent the challenges of their rural counterparts. The high concentration of female participants hinders generalisability. Variable interview lengths and participant openness might introduce bias, likely influenced by experience and views on mental health awareness. Practical implications: The findings underscore that adolescents' views on peer mental health are crucial for mental health professionals to design targeted interventions and support systems. Implementing programs that raise mental health awareness and reduce stigma can benefit schools and communities. Social implications: This study highlights the necessity of a holistic strategy to tackle adolescent mental health. Creating supportive peer environments, encouraging open family communication, and combating societal stigma can foster a more inclusive and mentally healthy society for adolescents. Originality/value: This study contributes to the growing body of research on adolescent mental health by providing insights into professionals views of peer attitudes. It highlights the need for interventions addressing family stigma, promoting open communication and using social media for awareness. 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
PEGylated Platinum Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Study of Their Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Pain and inflammation are common symptoms of a majority of the diseases. Chronic pain and inflammation, as well as related dreadful disorders, remain difficult to control due to a lack of safe and effective medications. In this work, biocompatible platinum nanoparticles with significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory action were synthesized through a wet chemical method using polyethylene glycol-400 as a capping agent and sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. The average particle size of these Pt nanospheres was determined to be 3.26 nm using TEM analysis, and X-ray diffraction confirmed their face-centered cubic crystalline structure. Fourier transform infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy confirm that Pt-NPs are coated with the PEG-400 molecule. The significantly negative zeta potential value (?26.8 mV) indicates the stability of the produced nanoparticles. In vitro cytotoxicity studies on normal cell lines show nontoxic behavior with over 96% cell viability at 100 ?g/mL of the test sample. In vitro assays of inhibition of protein denaturation and DPPH free radical scavenging elucidated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of PEGylated Pt NPs with promising EC50 values 57.99 and 9.324 ?g/mL, respectively. In vivo animal trials confirmed that PEG-capped Pt-NPs are more effective than conventional medicines. The in vivo hot plate assay for the analgesic study shows a maximum response time of 14.5 1.22 s (92.54% analgesia) at a dosage of 50 mg/kg and 13.8 0.71 s (86.05% analgesia) at a dosage of 25 mg/kg after 180 and 240 min of administration, respectively. In the rat paw edema model for anti-inflammatory activity, the PEG-capped Pt NPs exhibit significant inhibitory action, with the maximum percentage of edema inhibition at a dosage of 50 mg/kg identical to that of the aspirin-based standard medication administered at a higher dosage of 100 mg/kg, resulting in 42% inhibition, suggesting a versatile solution for inflammation and persistent pain. 2025 American Chemical Society. -
PEGylated Platinum Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Study of Their Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Pain and inflammation are common symptoms of a majority of the diseases. Chronic pain and inflammation, as well as related dreadful disorders, remain difficult to control due to a lack of safe and effective medications. In this work, biocompatible platinum nanoparticles with significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory action were synthesized through a wet chemical method using polyethylene glycol-400 as a capping agent and sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. The average particle size of these Pt nanospheres was determined to be 3.26 nm using TEM analysis, and X-ray diffraction confirmed their face-centered cubic crystalline structure. Fourier transform infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy confirm that Pt-NPs are coated with the PEG-400 molecule. The significantly negative zeta potential value (?26.8 mV) indicates the stability of the produced nanoparticles. In vitro cytotoxicity studies on normal cell lines show nontoxic behavior with over 96% cell viability at 100 ?g/mL of the test sample. In vitro assays of inhibition of protein denaturation and DPPH free radical scavenging elucidated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of PEGylated Pt NPs with promising EC50 values 57.99 and 9.324 ?g/mL, respectively. In vivo animal trials confirmed that PEG-capped Pt-NPs are more effective than conventional medicines. The in vivo hot plate assay for the analgesic study shows a maximum response time of 14.5 1.22 s (92.54% analgesia) at a dosage of 50 mg/kg and 13.8 0.71 s (86.05% analgesia) at a dosage of 25 mg/kg after 180 and 240 min of administration, respectively. In the rat paw edema model for anti-inflammatory activity, the PEG-capped Pt NPs exhibit significant inhibitory action, with the maximum percentage of edema inhibition at a dosage of 50 mg/kg identical to that of the aspirin-based standard medication administered at a higher dosage of 100 mg/kg, resulting in 42% inhibition, suggesting a versatile solution for inflammation and persistent pain. 2025 American Chemical Society. -
Pemetrexed loaded gold nanoparticles as cytotoxic and apoptosis inducers in lung cancer cells through ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction pathway
Supramolecular nanoparticles containing peptides and drugs have recently gained recognition as an effective tumor treatment drug delivery system. A multitarget drug termed pemetrexed is effective against various cancers, including nonsmall cell lung cancer. The work aims to establish the capability of pemetrexed gold nanoparticles (PEM-AuNPs) to induce apoptosis and explore molecular changes. X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ultravioletvisible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope were used to investigate the synthesized nanoparticles. The MTT assay was utilized to investigate the anticancer properties of PEM-AuNPs at varying concentrations (50, 100, and 200M). PEM-AuNPs demonstrated a decrease in cell viability with 55.87%, 43.04%, and 25.59% for A549 cells and 54.31%, 37.40%, and 25.84% for H1299 cells at the respective concentrations. To assess apoptosis and perform morphological analysis, diverse biochemical staining techniques, including acridine orange-ethidium bromide and 4?,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole nuclear staining assays, were employed. Additionally, 2?,7?-dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining confirmed the induction of reactive oxygen species generation, while JC-1 staining validated the impact on the mitochondrial membrane at the IC50 concentration of PEM-AuNPs. Thus, the study demonstrated that the synthesized PEM-AuNPs exhibited enhanced anticancer activity against both A549 and H1299 cells. 2024 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. -
Pendant number of graphs
A decomposition of a graph G is a collection of its edge disjoint sub-graphs such that their union is G. A path decomposition of a graph is a decomposition of it into paths. In this paper, we define the pendant number ?p as the minimum number of end vertices of paths in a path decomposition of G and determine this parameter for certain fundamental graph classes. 2018 Academic Publications. -
Penetrating Digital Marketing Into Rural Areas by Deploying 5G Networks: An Indian Experience
The proliferation of smartphones, reasonably priced internet, and social networking sites is the primary cause of the shift from traditional advertising methods to digital media strategies. With over 1.4 billion inhabitants, India is now one of the most populous countries in the world. Of them, 700 million use the internet, with most people doing so in cities (Statista, 2023). Businesses hoping to break into Indias changing consumer market must take advantage of this new online environment. Thus, it is essential to spread the word about the importance of digital marketing to Indias economic growth. Through marketing data analytics and micro-marketing campaigns, the industry has in fact revolutionized how businesses interact with customers and promote their goods. For example, the increased use of online technology infrastructure for online product purchases and the integration of payment and entertainment systems has led to the rapid growth of e-commerce. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Peoples participation and Environmental Protection
Journal of Business Management & Social Sciences Vol. 2, No.2, pp. 95-99 ISSN No. 2319-5614 -
Perceived cyber security challenges in adoption and diffusion of FinTech services in India
FinTech is a term that refers to a new type of digital technology that intends to build up and automate the distribution and management of financial services. FinTech is an abbreviation for "financial technology." FinTech, or financial technology, assists companies, business holders, and consumers in managing their financial procedures and methods. The high adoption rate of fintech services creates a whole ecosystem of looters and hackers. This indeed is scary, and this chapter makes an attempt to understand the adoption rate of fintech services and diffusion challenges at the same time. 2023, IGI Global. -
Perceived Discrimination and Happiness Among Tribal Unmarried Mothers
The present study aimed to understand the relationship between perceived discrimination and happiness among tribal unmarried mothers. The sample included 30 tribal unmarried mothers from the Wayanad district in Kerala, India. Data were collected using a socio-demographic response sheet, Oxford happiness questionnaire (Short form), and everyday discrimination scale. MannWhitney U test showed that tribal unmarried mothers did not differ in happiness concerning their income, education, putative father from the same tribe or not, and living status. Compared to those with higher income, mothers with lower income were higher in perceived discrimination. Correlation analysis revealed a negative relationship between perceived discrimination and happiness. Regression analysis confirmed that perceived discrimination is a negative predictor of happiness. 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to National Academy of Psychology (NAOP) India. -
Perceived Discrimination of Old Settlers in Sikkim
The old settlers in Sikkim are a community of mainland Indians whose ancestors had settled at least 15 years before the merger with India in 1975. At present, the total population of the community is less than three thousand individuals, comprising various ethnicities. This qualitative study focuses on the perceived discrimination of the old settlers, who form a demographic minority in the state. Data was collected using telephonic interviews from a sample of 11 old settlers. Thematic analysis indicated racial differences between the northeasterner indigenous community and mainland Indian old settlers as a major reason for perceived discrimination. The participants expressed the experience of negative emotional reactions, such as anger and disappointment, when they faced discrimination. The participants also felt betrayed by the government of India because they did not receive adequate protection for their rights when their identity in Sikkim changed from foreigners to citizens. Reactions to discrimination included migrating out of the state, experiencing negative emotions such as anger, disappointment and fear, and learned helplessness. 2022 Bhasker Malu, Santhosh Kareepadath Rajan, Nikhita Jindal, Aishwarya Thakur, Tanvi Raghuram. -
Perceived organizational support, employee engagement and organizational citizenship behaviour among knowledge workers of R&D organization
The reflections of professional life hold an imperative value for an employee. The I/O relationship depends upon myriads of factors. For the sustainability of individual and organization, the internal organization in which the employee operates should provide nurturance and growth to the employee. This study examined perceived organizational support as an antecedent of employee engagement and organizational citizenship behaviour as it`s consequence. The present study employs an ex-post facto research design. 300 knowledge workers (scientists) were assessed on work and organizational engagement, perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behaviour. Results indicated that perceived organizational support emerged as a significant predictor of work and organizational engagement and organizational citizenship behaviour emerged as a significant consequence of employee engagement. For mediation analysis Baron and Kenny`s (1986) framework was employed and observed that employee engagement partially mediated the relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behaviour. 2021 Ecological Society of India. All rights reserved. -
Perceived Reality of Self and Others with Two Childhood Trauma Survivors - An Idiographic Case Study
Impacts of childhood trauma can be crucial in understanding personality traits and psychological distress. However, it could be hard to predict if these individuals develop posttraumatic stress or growth. Several quantitative research studies have concluded the connections between childhood trauma and psychopathology or maladaptive personality traits. Various researchers have discovered the negative consequences of early childhood trauma and its long-term effects which may be rudimentary in understanding the causation of life-long psychological and medical deficiencies. This has been very elementary in understanding trait patterns and psychopathology for outcome generalizability and implementing prevention and intervention models. However, these studies still fail to spotlight the importance of the lived experiences of trauma survivors. Nevertheless, the present study is an idiographic single-case study research design used in the exploration of the lived experiences and perceived reality of self and others with two childhood trauma survivors. The Electrochemical Society -
Perceived stress among information technology professionals in India during the COVID-19 pandemic
The Information Technology (IT) industry in India is an integral part of the nations economy. The COVID-19 pandemic is a cause of disquietude and is probably the gravest challenge encountered by the IT industry at present. Although the IT industry has contributed to varied sectors globally amid the crisis, IT professionals encounter a profusion of mental health challenges. Despite this, there have as yet been limited studies focusing on the mental health impact on IT professionals during this period. This study strives to explore the role of socio-demographic factors on perceived stress and to examine the association between gratitude and perceived stress among IT professionals in India during the pandemic. Data from 219 participants were included for analysis in this cross-sectional, correlational study. Findings suggest that there exists a significant difference in perceived stress based on gender, marital status, and parental status. Furthermore, the results demonstrate a significant negative association between gratitude and perceived stress. The study contributes to the field of cognitive ergonomics and broadens the theoretical knowledge base of perceived stress based on socio-demographic elements. Findings also have positive implications for organisational psychologists as they suggest that encouraging a focus on gratitude could aid in lower perceived stress. 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Perceived stress and fatigue in software developers: Examining the benefits of gratitude
Software development demands creativity and adept problem-solving skills. However, long-term stress and fatigue might impede these skills in software developers. From the perspective of positive psychology, this cross-sectional study investigated the effects of gratitude, age, and gender on stress and fatigue in 421 participants, 244 males (58 %) and 177 females (42 %), aged between 21 and 57 years (M = 36.20; SD = 7.56). The tools employed included the multi-component gratitude measure, perceived stress scale and fatigue assessment scale. Multiple linear regressions confirmed the beneficial effects of gratitude, and they indicated higher levels of perceived stress and fatigue in women and younger professionals. These findings have positive implications for organisational psychologists, as they signify the favourable impacts of gratitude in mitigating stress and fatigue in software developers. The authors recommend that organisational practitioners should focus on enhancing the professionals' well-being by strategizing and implementing gratitude training programmes. 2022 Elsevier Ltd -
Perceived Usability, Usefulness, and Satisfaction of Educational Virtual Assistant Chatbots: Teachers' and Students' Perception Study
Artificial Intelligence (Al) is changing education with tools like chatbots and virtual assistants. These tools provide personalized support and make academic tasks easier. This study examines how teachers and students view chatbot usability, usefulness, and satisfaction in different educational settings. The researcher used a quantitative survey design and collected data from 238 participants across various institutions and fields. The results are promising. About 59.2% of participants found chatbots easy to use. Additionally, 78.2% said these tools helped them work more efficiently, and 79% reported having positive experiences. ChatGPT and Grammarly were the most commonly used platforms. While the overall opinions were positive, the study highlights the need for organized integration, ethical guidelines, and training to improve engagement and learning results. These findings indicate that educational chatbots are not just trends; they are becoming vital parts of modern teaching, suggesting ways to create more inclusive and adaptable learning environments. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Perception about inventory management and control at quick service restaurants
India's quick service restaurant market has expanded significantly in recent years. For small-scale QSRs, inventory management continues to be an essential challenge. Inventory management enhances the efficiency of business operations by influencing the stockpile and supply of essential products and materials. The research aims to highlight the importance of inventory control and management in QSRs. Primary data was collected from 120 operational QSRs in Bangalore in Karnataka and 30 from Kottayam in Kerala. It was found that most of the respondents felt that proper inventory management and control could help to improve their service quality and help to reduce costs. It has been found that the factors service, savings, and risk have a strong positive correlation with inventory cost. Several techniques and strategies like techniques for cooking with no waste, menu planning with fewer ingredients, networks for local sourcing, matching demand and supply through seasonal planning have been identified to increase the performance of QSRs. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Perception and Practices of EdTech Platform: A Sentiment Analysis
Virtual and digital learning being the new normal, pandemic outburst and unexpected disruption in the functioning of educational services have paved way for online learning services. Considering the fast-Track growth of the education technology (EdTech) industry, in order to sustain, it is imperative for the industry to understand the underlying issues by capturing the end users' perception. The primary purpose of this research is to examine the perception of users towards EdTech platforms A sample of 600 reviews regarding three major EdTech platforms were scraped from MouthShut.com as textual data and analysed using lexicon-based method. The polarity of the sentiments pertaining to the reviews of different platforms was analysed using sentiment analysis. Furthermore, the topic modelling on the reviews was performed using natural language programming. The results revealed a positive sentiment of users towards the EdTech services and platforms. The most influential factors are faculty expertise, interface user-friendliness, syllabus, and pricing model. Our findings help EdTech service providers to understand which factors are driving this dramatic shift in student behaviour so they may develop better strategies to attract and retain consumers. Despite the rise in EdTech platform popularity, this is the first study to investigate perception of EdTech users comprehensively. 2022 IEEE.