Browse Items (14421 total)
Sort by:
-
Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Lumnitzera racemosa Willd.
Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. is a mangrove plant with a broad distribution, spanning from the coastal regions of East Africa to Southeast Asia, New Guinea, and Australia. Various parts of this plant have been traditionally used to treat a wide range of ailments, including infertility, asthma, diabetes, snake bites, and skin conditions, such as herpes, pruritus, scabies, sores, leprosy, and thrush. The therapeutic properties of L. racemosa are believed to be due to its diverse bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, lignans, phenolics, sulfur-containing compounds, tannins, terpenoids, and glycosides. A literature review has identified 101 distinct compounds isolated from this plant, many of which have demonstrated significant biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive effects. In addition to these, extracts from L. racemosa exhibit anti-allergic, anti-angiogenic, anticoagulant, antimalarial, and larvicidal properties. This review highlights the traditional uses of the plant, the bioactive compounds isolated from it, and their pharmacological properties. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Phytochemicals as potential drug candidates for targeting SARS CoV 2 proteins, an in silico study
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member of the family Coronaviridae, and the world is currently witnessing a global pandemic outbreak of this viral disease called COVID-19. With no specific treatment regime, this disease is now a serious threat to humanity and claiming several lives daily. In this work, we selected 24 phytochemicals for an in silico docking study as candidate drugs, targeting four essential proteins of SARS-CoV-2 namely Spike glycoprotein (PDB id 5WRG), Nsp9 RNA binding protein (PDB id 6W4B), Main Protease (PDB id 6Y84), and RNA dependent RNA Polymerase (PDB id 6M71). After statistical validation, the results indicated that a total of 11 phytochemicals divided into two clusters might be used as potential drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2. 2021, Indian Virological Society. -
Phytochemicals as weapons against drug resistance
Phytochemicals are plant-based products with high medicinal value. These metabolites effectively target disease-causing microbes. Drug-resistant pathogens have developed mechanisms to sustain themselves even with inhibitors. Drug resistance has emerged as a global giant, causing all available treatment options to fail. The solution to this problem is in the phytochemicals of plants with antibacterial and drug resistance modulation properties. Phytochemicals might be able to get rid of efflux pumps, drug-modulating enzymes, resistance genes, quorum sensing, and biofilm, all of which cause pathogens to be resistant to drugs. Moreover, anti-obesogenic and cardioprotective properties are also observed in phytochemicals. Additionally, studies show the success of phytochemical-based nanoparticles in drug resistance regulation. This review emphasizes phytochemicals' different mechanisms of action and their derivatives in curbing drug-resistant pathogens and cancer cells. 2023 The Author(s) -
Phytochemicals for neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation: medicine of the future or a mirage?
Dietary polyphenols cease to be mere nutrients but have immense health enhancing and disease modifying effects. Phytochemical-based therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases are becoming increasingly popular. This may be attributed to the lack of long-term benefits or adverse effects of current pharmacotherapy. Polyphenols target multiple pathways and their long-term use could prove beneficial for diseases involving multiple etiological factors. While polyphenols are nontoxic and oral route is the preferred mode of administration, bioavailability in the brain is limited rendering the neuroprotective efficacy questionable. Methods employing synthetic biopolymers, nanoformulations, liposomal carriers, or conjugation have been explored to enhance the bioavailability. While results have been promising in experimental models, translation to human neurodegenerative conditions is limited. It can therefore be surmised that the present knowledge on dietary polyphenols is only the tip of the iceberg and extensive translational research is warranted to fill the gap for their therapeutic use. 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Phytochemicals in Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Contributing to Growth and Disease Resistance in Goldfish (Carassius auratus Linn. 1758): Integration of Molecular Docking and Statistical Analyses
The ornamental fish industry has experienced significant growth with species like goldfish (Carassius auratus) gaining popularity for their vibrant appearance and ease of care. However, bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Aeromonas hydrophila, pose a significant threat to fish health and market value. In this study, visibly diseased goldfish exhibiting symptoms such as fin rot, black spots, tail rotting and skin lesions were divided into control and treated groups. The treated group was fed lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)-coated pellets, while the control group received standard feed. Over a three-week trial, visual improvements, including the healing of fin rot were documented, demonstrating the effectiveness of lemongrass-enhanced feed in promoting recovery and growth. GC-MS analysis of fresh lemongrass leaves identified key bioactive compounds, including citral, tetra decanoic acid, trans-verbenol and 1-undecanol, known for their antimicrobial properties. These findings confirmed the presence of phytochemicals with potential therapeutic applications against bacterial infections. Molecular docking studies further evaluated the interactions of prominent lemongrass phytochemicals: Procyanidin B2, Diosmin, Catechin and Tricin, with A. hydrophila outer membrane protein (3OD9). The results demonstrated strong binding affinities with Procyanidin B2 showing the highest (-8.0 kcal/mol), followed by Diosmin (-7.8 kcal/mol), Catechin (-7.6 kcal/mol) and Tricin (-7.6 kcal/mol), indicating their potential to inhibit bacterial pathogenicity. This study highlights the dual role of lemongrass as a natural growth promoter and antibacterial agent, emphasizing its potential as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture. By effectively managing bacterial infections and improving fish health, lemongrass offers a promising solution for enhancing sustainability in aquaculture. 2026, World Researchers Associations. All rights reserved. -
Phytochemicals of Nardostachys jatamansi as potential inhibitors of HCV E2 receptor: An in silico study
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the causative agent of acute and chronic hepatitis and can lead to liver cirrhosis. High variability in the HCV genome renders vaccine formulation strenuous. Modern pharmaceuticals rely heavily on plant-based compounds for drug production. This study focuses on in-silico screening of phytochemicals derived from an herbal plant, Nardostachys jatamansi, for the treatment of HCV by inhibiting its E2 receptor, which binds to the hepatocytes, enabling viral entry into the liver. Computer-aided drug design utilizes various tools such as molecular docking tools, including AutoDock Vina, Avogadro, PyMol, Discovery Studio Visualizer, LigPlot+, and online tools like SwissADME (Absorption, Delivery, Metabolism and Excretion) for analysis of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of phytochemicals. Toxicity studies were carried out using pkCSM. 25 bioactive phytochemicals of N. jatamansi were analysed. The analysis was validated by comparing the data of the phytochemicals with an established antiviral drug, ribavirin. This is a novel approach to docking studies, exploring the possibility of medicinal plants as anti-hepatic drugs. Of the 25 compounds, nardosatachysin and ?-gurjunene are the standout performers and are considered potent inhibitors of HCV E2 receptor. The two compounds are recommended for further in vivo and in vitro trials to assess their efficacy in treating HCV infection. 2024 Lalrintluanga Hnamte, et al. -
Phytochemistry and antigenotoxic properties of six ethnobotanically important members from the family Zingiberaceae
Genotoxicity is considered as a potential cause of various diseases including cancer. During the last decade, herbal extracts attained a great deal of attention due to its safe and effective applications against various DNA damaging agents. However, the mechanism of DNA strand breaks by various mutagens and genotoxins is often correlated with the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Herbal extracts constitute a number of phytochemicals and those are reported to have considerable antioxidant properties, which are in turn capable of neutralizing ROS mediated DNA damage. The botanical family Zingiberaceae is reported to have significant antioxidant and antigenotoxic potential by various researchers. Among a number of species belonging to this family, six species, namely Alpinia galanga, A. zerumbet, Curcuma amada, C. caesia, Zingiber officinale, and Z. zerumbet, attract notable attention due to their remarkable ethnobotanical and medicinal importance. This chapter deals with phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and antigenotoxic properties of these six Zingiberaceous plant extracts. 2020 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Coriandrum sativum L.
Coriandrum sativum L. is a pharmaceutically significant herb that is used for culinary purposes and in herbal formulations. It is an annual herb from the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) with unique taxonomic characters. Generally called Dhania or kutumbari, it is cultivated worldwide for its distinct flavors and medicinal properties. Coriander is a rich reservoir of nutrients and significant biochemicals. The phenomenal healing properties of coriander can be attributed to the phytochemicals present in essential oils produced in various parts of the plants, such as leaves, flowers, fruit, and seed. The essential oils are rich in biochemicals like Linalool, (E)-2-decenal, 2-Decenoic acid, camphor, etc. These biomolecules altogether contribute to many pharmacological activities like analgesic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, anthelmintic, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-mutagenic, antioxidant, anxiolytic, diuretic, hypnotic activity. There are many scientifically proven reports to suggest its importance for usage. The present chapter summarizes the nutrition, biochemicals, and the scientifically proven pharmacological activities of Coriandrum sativum L as well as its cultivation and processing. 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. -
Phytocompounds from Zingiber zerumbet can inhibit the DNA ligase activity of the pathogen Haemophilus influenza, an in silico approach /
Journal of Emerging Technologies And Innovative, Vol.6, Issue 2, pp.646-650, ISSN No: 2349-5162. -
Phytoextract-mediated synthesis of Cu doped NiO nanoparticle using cullon tomentosum plant extract with efficient antibacterial and anticancer property
In the present study, nickel oxide (NiO) and copper-doped nickel oxide (NiCuO) nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized using Cullen tomentosum plant extract with the co-precipitation method. This work focuses on the Phyto-mediated synthesis and characterization of NPs for their biological applications. Phytochemicals that exist in the plant extract acts as reducing and capping agent. The successful formation of the NPs was validated by various analysis as XRD, FESEM, EDAX, FT-IR, UVVis, and Photoluminescence. According to XRD studies, the average crystallite size of NiO and NiCuO NPs is 36 nm and 31 nm, respectively. The river stone and nanoflower like morphology for NiO and NiCuO NPs are confirmed by FESEM image. Furthermore, the synthesized NPs were tested against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae) and Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli) bacteria, which showed enhanced antibacterial activity of NiCuO NPs. The cytotoxicity of NPs was investigated against human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and fibroblast L929 cell lines. Also, the IC50 value for human breast cancer cells is 11.8 ?g/mL. According to these findings, NiCuO NPs are potential nanomaterials with advanced healthcare uses. 2023 -
Phytofabricated bimetallic synthesis of silver-copper nanoparticles using Aerva lanata extract to evaluate their potential cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities
In this study, we demonstrate the green synthesis of bimetallic silver-copper nanoparticles (AgCu NPs) using Aerva lanata plant extract. These NPs possess diverse biological properties, including in vitro antioxidant, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activities. The synthesis involves the reduction of silver nitrate and copper oxide salts mediated by the plant extract, resulting in the formation of crystalline AgCu NPs with a face-centered cubic structure. Characterization techniques confirm the presence of functional groups from the plant extract, acting as stabilizing and reducing agents. The synthesized NPs exhibit uniform-sized spherical morphology ranging from 7 to 12nm. They demonstrate significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, inhibiting extracellular polysaccharide secretion in a dose-dependent manner. The AgCu NPs also exhibit potent cytotoxic activity against cancerous HeLa cell lines, with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 17.63gmL?1. Additionally, they demonstrate strong antioxidant potential, including reducing capability and H2O2 radical scavenging activity, particularly at high concentrations (240gmL?1). Overall, these results emphasize the potential of A. lanata plant metabolite-driven NPs as effective agents against infectious diseases and cancer. 2024, The Author(s). -
Phytofabricated Silver Nanoparticles Derived from Leea crispa Leaf Extract: Antituberculosis and Anticancer Activities
Aqueous extracts of Leea crispa used for producing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with the supplementation of the external capping substance, were determined by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The synthesized nanoparticles were examined for their antituberculosis and anticancer activities. The presence of phytoconstituents available for reducing silver ions and to form the AgNPs was confirmed using FTIR analysis. The XRD and TEM examination validated the AgNPs spherical particle shape and size of 15 to 85 nm and their face-centered cubic crystal form. Additionally, the FTIR spectrum revealed variation in the band values in the range 1384.0 to 3419.4 cm-1, respectively, and the EDX noted a strong band at 3 keV induced the presence of metallic silver. The AgNPs exhibited comparatively potential anti-tuberculosis activity (0.2 to 100 g/mL) respectively. Alternatively, various doses of AgNPs, 12.5 to 400 g/mL documented considerable activity towards the human breast cancer cell lines. The percentage of cell viability increased at 12.5g/mL and declined at 400 ng/mL concentrations of AgNPs solution. The AgNPs synthesized from L. crispa exhibited potential activity against life-threatening tuberculosis and cancer cells. 2025, North Carolina State University. All rights reserved. -
Phytogenic CeO2-Sm2O3 nanocomposites with enhanced catalytic activity for reduction of 4-nitrophenol
The phytogenic synthesized CeO2-Sm2O3 is a green, efficient and cost-effective catalyst. The CeO2-Sm2O3 composite was characterized using XRD, FTIR, Raman, TGA, UV-DRS, TEM, FE-SEM and EDAX. The synthesized CeO2-Sm2O3 shows a high catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol in the presence of the sodium borohydride under ambient conditions. This CeO2-Sm2O3 nanocomposite catalyst shows good stability and reusability without much loss in conversion efficiency. CeO2-Sm2O3 possess great prospects in the reduction of nitro organic pollutants in water. 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd. -
Phytogenic synthesis and antimicrobial activity of ZnO nano bow ties (ZnO NBTs): An experimental and computational study
Phytogenic synthesis is a sustainable and eco-friendly approach for producing nanoscale particles, using biological entities such as plants and their byproducts. In this study, Allium sativum extract was selected as a capping and reducing agent due to the presence of phytochemicals such as allicin, diallyl disulfide (DADS), vinyl dithiins, ajoene (E- and Z-ajoene), diallyl trisulfide (DATS), and thiol (sulfhydryl) groups. The resulting ZnO Nano Bow Ties (ZnO NBTs) were characterized using FE-SEM, XRD, EDX, DLS, zeta potential, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy to evaluate the size, morphology, and crystallinity. The obtained XRD, SEM, and DLS results suggested an average longitudinal length of ?372 nm with a maximum lateral width of ?64 nm and a Bow Tie shape. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis was employed to elucidate the prominent phytochemical constituents of the Allium sativum extract. Preliminary antibacterial assays reveal significant inhibition zones and growth inhibition effects against gram-negative bacteria of both Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, suggesting the promising antimicrobial potential of these ZnO NBTs. Monte Carlo simulations revealed that the cone-shaped ZnO NBTs bind strongly to the active sites of the target proteins with binding affinities of ?36.20 and ?32.14 kcal/mol for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli respectively, which correlates with their activities. The ZnO NBTs complexes formed stronger hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues of Escherichia coli than with Klebsiella pneumoniae. This integrated experimental and computational study underscores the potential of the use of ZnO NBTs as a sustainable and effective strategy to combat bacterial pathogens. The findings of this study indicate that efficient morphology (shape) is a major contributor to the protein binding affinities of ZnO NBTs, with promising implications for the design of antibacterial drugs in nanomedicine. 2024 The Authors -
Phytonanotechnology for the Removal of Pollutants from the Contaminated Soil Environment
Over-consumption of chemically synthesized components aids country toward industrial revolution, which symbolizes for economic prosperity. On the other hand, industrial revolution is responsible for soil pollution, due to its toxic effluents. The main source of soil pollutants includes fertilizers, pesticides, untreated wastewater used for irrigation, land application of sewage sludge due to rich organic content, petroleum leakage and leaching from landfills, etc. The crops grown out of this contaminated soil make the plant to changes its nutritional valve, bioaccumulates the chemicals, and also hinder with its vigor. Studies proved that prevent measures should prioritize in minimizing the adverse effect on the environment. Use of Phyto-nanotechnology in wastewater treatment, as nano fertilizer, nanotechnology-based biocontrol agents, and other areas before the hazardous chemicals entering soil. Green synthesized nanoparticles assist as excellent bio remedial agents as they are rich in biomolecules like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and several enzymes also deter-mine its efficacy of action. Hence, this chapter highlights the various eco-friendly and inexpensive products or formulation used for removal of toxic and recalcitrant materials which are dreadfully risky to human health. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Phytoremediated nickel-enriched biochar composite for high-performance supercapacitors
Renewable and sustainable high-performance energy storage devices are essential to meet the needs of next-generation power sources. This study explores the use of the hyperaccumulator Dracaena trifasciata (snake plant) grown in manipulated soil (with Nickel) to explore a cost-effective, sustainable phytoremediation technique for synthesizing high-performance biocarbon electrode material. The synthesized Nickel-Biochar (Ni-Biochar) is treated with acid to enhance its processability and is then combined with an optimal amount of Polyaniline (PANI) to improve charge conductivity. The Ni-Biochar/PANI electrode demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance, with a specific capacitance of 638 F g?1 at 0.5 A g?1 in a three-electrode cell and notable stability, retaining 92 % of its capacity after 10,000 cycles. Additionally, the asymmetric supercapacitor made with Ni-Biochar/PANI achieves a specific capacitance of 163 F g?1 in a 3 M KOH solution. The Ragone plot for this device reveals an energy density of 57 Whkg?1 and a power density of 1259 W kg?1. The device also shows outstanding long-term cyclic stability, retaining 90 % of its capacity after 5000 charge-discharge cycles. This high level of performance underscores the potential of utilizing plants as green carbon sources, which can be combined with various metal oxides and conducting polymers to produce hybrid nanomaterials, making them highly promising for sustainable supercapacitor electrode applications. 2025 Elsevier Ltd -
Phytotoxins: Terrestrial Plant Sources
Plants produce a wide variety of phytochemicals during biochemical reactions. Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are specialised metabolites or phytochemicals that are produced by plants in response to biotic and abiotic stresses or as a by-product of metabolism. PSMs are needed by the cells of the plant to interact with its environment and are produced in very small concentrations. They have various therapeutic effects and are used as medication in various conditions. However, the difference between therapeutic and toxic levels of these compounds is so low that when administered in excess, they can cause adverse conditions. These toxic PSMs are also known as phytotoxins. Phytotoxins are highly versatile in their mode of toxicity, chemical composition, and structure. The major groups of phytotoxins that have been categorised are alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, non-protein amino acids, glucosinolates, cardenolides, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, and phytoecdysteroids. These phytotoxins have several toxic effects like allergenic, pesticidal, hallucinogenic, and allelochemical and may even cause fatalities. The effects of these phytotoxins in humans range from the disturbance in the metabolic pathways taking place in various organs to adverse conditions like cytotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. This chapter discusses in detail the various categories of phytotoxic compounds from land plants and their major biological activities. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Pi-MnO2 decorated poly-3-thienylacetic acid on carbon fiber paper for electrochemical synthesis of 2-formyl-thiophene
Sustainable and environmentally benign synthesis methods have captured researchers' minds in recent times and have contributed a lot towards the green synthesis of organic compounds. This work presents an efficient green method for synthesizing 2-formyl thiophene using a newly designed Pi-MnO2 deposited on poly-3-thienylacetic acid coated Toray carbon fiber paper (PThAA-Pi-MnO2-TCFP) electrode. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and bulk electrolysis (BE) techniques were employed for the optimization and synthesis of 2-formyl thiophene and the product obtained was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) spectroscopy. The efficacy of the developed electrode was examined by different electrochemical and physicochemical studies. It is an intriguing approach for the 4-acetamido-TEMPO (4-ACT) mediated, PThAA-Pi-MnO2-TCFP catalyzed electro-oxidation of thiophene-2-ylmethanol (TM). This method is handy and reasonably practical since the developed electrocatalyst is inexpensive, and the synthesis is environmentally benign. Hence it is a highly efficient method for synthesizing 2-formyl thiophene, a much sought-after starting material in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and cosmetics. 2023 -
PICTURE PROCESSING ON ISOMETRIC FUZZY REGULAR ARRAY LANGUAGES
Isometric array grammar is one of the simplest model to generate picture languages, since both sides of its production rule have the same shape. In this paper, we have introduced isometric fuzzy regular array grammars to generate isometric fuzzy regular array languages and discussed its closure properties. Also, the relation between isometric fuzzy regular array grammar and boustrophedon fuzzy finite automata has been discussed. Moreover, we study the relation between two dimensional fuzzy regular grammars with returning fuzzy finite automata and boustrophedon fuzzy finite automata. Further, the hierarchy results of these three classes of languages have been discussed. 2024 KSCAM. -
Pilgrimage model of short learning programmes in a doctoral education: Enhancing research competency
Higher education has recently witnessed a paradigm shift in pedagogical approaches, with an increasing emphasis on acquiring skills and competencies. This chapter explores the application of the Pilgrimage Model of Short Learning Programmes (SLP) in doctoral education, aiming to enhance research skills among doctoral students. Inspired by spiritual journeys, this model fosters deep learning by encouraging short-term, self-directed and targeted expeditions into various research areas. By embarking on these short learning journeys, students acquire new skills, broaden their knowledge and cultivate intellectual curiosity. This approach transforms the traditional doctoral experience and promotes self-directed learning and holistic development. The study contributes to the pedagogical field by exploring its efficacy in advanced academic settings. Through the Pilgrimage Model, doctoral programmes can transcend traditional thesis-based evaluations, offering a more comprehensive engagement with knowledge and nurturing skills crucial for academic and professional success. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.