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Ion-imprinted chitosan-stabilized biogenic silver nanoparticles for the electrochemical detection of arsenic (iii) in water samples
Arsenic is one of the most harmful heavy metals, and needs constant monitoring and control. A susceptible and selective sensor for arsenic (iii) detection in polluted water samples has been developed by using chitosan-stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is modified with chitosan-stabilized silver nanoparticles, which provides sufficient sites for interaction with the analyte. The synthesized silver nanoparticles are characterized using different characterization techniques, such as UV-Visible spectroscopy, transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) and particle size distribution. The particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) value of the chitosan stabilized silver nanoparticles are found to be 6 nm and 0.3, respectively, which enhances the electroactive surface area and hence the sensor sensitivity. The ion imprinting technique is used to improve the selectivity of the sensor. The arsenic sensor is found to be very selective in the presence of other possible interferents like Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Ag+ and Fe2+. The detection of As(iii) was performed using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) and the detection limit was found to be 11.39 pM. The developed sensor is successfully tested for the picomolar level detection of arsenic (iii) in different water samples. 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
ION imprinted chitosan stabilized biogenic silver nanoparticles for the electrochemical detection AR /
Patent Number: 202241014988, Applicant: Ann Maria C G.
Humans are prone to heavy metals triggering many diseases and rising environmental concerns. Arsenic is one of the most harmful heavy metals which needs constant monitoring and control. A susceptible and selective sensor for arsenic (III) detection in polluted water samples has been developed by using chitosan stabilized silver nanoparticles. The glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is modified with chitosan stabilized silver nanoparticles, which provides sufficient sites for interaction with the analyte. -
Iodine promoted synthesis of pyrido[2?,1?:2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline derivatives via oxidative decarboxylation of phenylacetic acid
An unprecedented and efficient molecular iodine promoted domino protocol for the synthesis of N polycyclic pyrido[2?,1?:2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines were reported from phenylacetic acid and 2-(imidazoheteroaryl)anilines. This methodology was also extended for the preparation of benzo[4?,5?]thiazolo [2?,3?:2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]isoquinolines in good yields. However, this protocol proceeds via a sequential decarboxylation of phenylacetic acid with I2/DMSO system followed by Pictet-Spengler cyclization in good yields. 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Iodine Mediated Oxidative Cross-Coupling of Benzo[d]Imidazo[2,1-b]Thiazoles with Ethylbenzene: An Unprecedented Approach of C3-Dicarbonylation
A versatile approach of iodine mediated C3-dicarbonylation of benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles (IBTs) with ethylbenzene has been reported. The reaction conditions were optimized by screening in various solvents, catalysts, and oxidants. The reaction is compatible with various substrates and was successfully demonstrated to offer moderate to good yields. 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Involvement of Social Enterprises in Promoting Sustainable Agricultural Practices: The Case of Uravu and Buffalo Back
Social enterprises are not-for-profit or for-profit organizations that work for the development of the community in different ways and are sustainable through their products or services. One such initiative of social enterprises is supporting and promoting agriculture and agricultural products. This chapter focuses on two social enterprises, Uravu and Buffalo Back, which work with farm products and their role in promoting sustainable agriculture practices. The primary data are collected through personal interviews with top-level managers, and secondary data are collected from websites and other published documents. This study looks at the concept of sustainability in terms of finitude, fragility and fairness. These two case studies explain how social enterprises promote the development of agriculture. The former organization ensures the communitys livelihood through farming support, upgrading local knowledge, technologies, skill development and marketing their commodities. The latter focuses on promoting farmers to focus on sustainable organic farming techniques and selling their products to customers. This study can help future entrepreneurs understand different models they can use to develop the agricultural sector through their social actions. 2024 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. -
Involvement of chalcones and coumarins in environmental stress tolerance
Plants are invariably subjected to various environmental stresses that hinder their normal growth and development, which leads to decreased plant productivity and yield. To combat the detrimental effects of such abiotic and biotic stresses, plants have developed diverse mechanisms and one of the prominent ones includes the production of secondary metabolites like phenolic, alkaloids, terpenes, etc. Secondary metabolites serve as major components of the plant stress responses. Chalcones (1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-one) and coumarins (1,2-benzopyrone) are precursors of flavonoids, a common secondary metabolite of plants that provide a beneficial role during oxidative and biotic stress. Apart from protection, coumarins have certain roles in promoting or inhibiting plant growth, affecting cell division and differentiation and auxin metabolism. These compounds are also known to possess therapeutic properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and cytotoxic effects when isolated from plants. Besides, chalcones and coumarins have allelopathic effects and protect plants against herbivory. Owing to excellent ROS scavenging properties, chalcones, coumarins, and their derivatives are extensively employed as agents to alleviate adversities associated with abiotic stresses like osmotic, heat, and cold stress, and in defense against pathogen invasion. The application of these secondary metabolites to mitigate atrocities of environmental stress in plants is an interesting and concurrent area of investigation. This chapter highlights the structural and functional details of chalcones and coumarins and their implications in ameliorating environmental stress in plants. 2024 Apple Academic Press, Inc. All rights reserved. -
Involvement and implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR): A case of COVID-19 evidence from various countries
Industry performance is a pivotal indicator for assessing the robustness of economic growth of a country. Any fluctuations in this indicator wield considerable influence over economic growth. Previous research has established that the industry performance is not a static phenomenon but rather exhibits variations across different time periods. Amongst the multitude of crises, the COVID-19 pandemic reverberated across every nation, spreading to all strata of society. It had an adverse impact on both public and private sector impacting the lives of millions. Industries were struggling with dwindling profits, thus trying vehemently to cut costs in diverse realms. This challenging financial predicament made it difficult for companies to uphold their corporate social responsibilities. Hence, only a few companies initiated CSR activities due to the paucity of funds. Having this in the backdrop, this case study analysis aims to examine corporate involvement and implementation of CSR activities during the COVID-19 pandemic and assesses the extent to which these activities have helped improve people's lives. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Investors rationality for IPOS using meta-analysis and forest plots in neyeloff et al. (2012) framework: An investigation /
Patent Number: 202211046639, Applicant: Dr. Mani Jindal.
This research article focuses on the contours of investors’ rationality as regard to the initial public offering (IPO). For last 20 years, financial world has been very volatile. Now the investors have actively started to participate in the investment activities. The investment markets are becoming more risky; time makes investors to behave differently. It is crucial to perceive the responses of the inves- tors and to identify the factors of the investment decisions. -
Investors rationality for IPOS using meta-analysis and forest plots in neyeloff et al. (2012) framework: An investigation /
Patent Number: 202211046639, Applicant: Dr. Mani Jindal.
This research article focuses on the contours of investors’ rationality as regard to the initial public offering (IPO). For last 20 years, financial world has been very volatile. Now the investors have actively started to participate in the investment activities. The investment markets are becoming more risky; time makes investors to behave differently. It is crucial to perceive the responses of the inves- tors and to identify the factors of the investment decisions. -
Investor's behaviour to COVID-19 vaccination campaign; An event study and panel data analysis in the southeast asian region
This study examines how the COVID-19 immunization campaign has influenced the stock market responses in the WHO Southeast Asian Region. The effects of the immunization campaign on the WHO Southeast Asian countries were different, and the study used event study techniques and panel-data regression models to investigate the impact of the WHO South-East Asian capital market. Some countries like India, Sri Lanka, and South Korea had positive markets that responded to the news, while others did not. The findings of this study suggest that investors make fair assessments and respond to events and announcements, but they tend to have a more visible reaction to negative incidents than to positive news/events. However, after 51 days, the WHO South East region as a whole had internalized the encouraging news. The study has a few limitations, such as a small dataset and period, only a few variables and models, and so on. Future studies could include a few additional countries and periods to produce more significant results. Originality/value- This study contributes to the existing knowledge about the impact of drugs and vaccinations on stock markets. It is the first study to investigate how the WHO Southeast Asian Region's COVID-19 immunization program affects the stock market reaction. The study used keywords such as Immunization campaign, abnormal returns, Cumulative average abnormal returns, Event Study, and WHO Southeast Asian Region. 2025 Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. All rights reserved. -
INVESTOR SENTIMENTS, TRADING BEHAVIOR AND INFORMATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN INDIAN STOCK FUTURES MARKET
The study entitled Investor Sentiments, Trading Behavior and Informational Efficiency in Indian Stock Futures Market shows that the traders in Indian Stock Futures Markets are positive feedback traders-they buy when prices increase and sell when prices decline. Positive Feedback trading appears to be more active in periods of high investor sentiments. Our primary objective is to examine the relationship between the investor sentiments and transitory volatility. The data used in the study is secondary data which is being collected from the National Stock Exchange. The sample period of the study is of past 5 years i.e. from July 2006 to September 2011.The Pharmaceutical sector has been chosen and around seven companies are selected. We used Vector AutoRegression (VAR) Model to test the contemporaneous and causal relationship between order flow, stock return and return volatility. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) unit root tests have been employed to test the stationarity of the investor sentiment measures. We found that futures market tends to be more liquid in periods of bullish sentiments. We also found that controlling for feedback trading; the persistence of order flow is significantly lower in high sentiment periods. Further the study shows a strong positive relation between investor sentiments and transitory volatility. The result also suggested that stock futures prices tend to follow the underlying efficient price more closely in bullish periods, consistent with increased liquidity in bullish states. Overall, it can be concluded that this study provides new evidence on the link between investor attitudes, trading behavior and price efficiency at the microstructure level. Key Words: Investor Sentiments, Market Efficiency, Futures Market, Volatility, Order . -
Investor Perspectives: Evaluating the Impact of CSR on Excess Returns in Financial Companies
This research aims to provide insights into Corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance and its impact on portfolio performance. The research would contribute to the broader understanding of how investors can achieve financial success and positive societal impact through the CSR performance of financial companies. This study uses 56 financial companies data from 20132014 to 20212022. Seemingly unrelated regression has been used to examine the impact of FAMA and French factors on the return of different portfolios. The findings of this research are significant for Banks and NBFCs, which shows that all the factors of the FAMA and French model are significant in showing the portfolios results. This study demonstrates that banks with better CSR performance yield higher expected returns than NBFC portfolios. This finding confirms that increased socially responsible activities yield better returns for banks. It showed that more socially responsible companies provide better financial returns than those not focusing on these issues. This suggests that when companies invest in being responsible and doing good for society, it can lead to better financial results for them and the investors. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Investor behaviour, market efficiency, and regulatory challenges in digital currency investments: A comprehensive literature review
The rapid proliferation of digital currencies has ignited significant interest in understanding investor behaviour and the regulatory challenges within this evolving financial landscape. The study seeks to elucidate the factors that influence investor behaviour in the cryptocurrency/digital currency market and explore the regulatory implications associated with digital currency investments. A systematic approach was adopted to identify, review, and analyze relevant scholarly articles from reputable databases. The selected articles span various dimensions of the cryptocurrency/digital currency ecosystem, including investor behaviour, market efficiency, technological innovation, and regulatory measures. It reveals that investor behaviour in the digital currency market is influenced by a complex interplay of emotions, market sentiment, and information asymmetry. Additionally, market efficiency theories are being reconsidered in light of the highly volatile nature of cryptocurrencies. Regulatory challenges encompass issues related to fraud, pump-and-dump schemes, and legal ambiguity. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Investment Decisions : Behavioral Biases in Selected Less Volatile Asset Classes
This study investigates the behavioral biases in selected less volatile asset classes and their influence on investment decisions(IDs). This study compares and contrasts demographic factors(DF) that influence behavioral biases(BB), examines the relationship between behavioral biases(BB) and risk-taking newlinebehaviors (RTB), determines whether BBs can be used to predict RTB and IDs, and looks at covariance patterns between factors that influence BBs, RTB, and IDs.A comprehensive analysis was conducted, considering various DF such as age, gender, education, annual income, marital status, total annual savings newlinepercentage, and the number of dependents in the family. The findings revealed no statistically significant interaction effects between these demographic variables and the combined dependent variables. Additionally, no significant main effects of age, gender, annual income, education, marital status, or paying tax were observed on the combined dependent variables. The study identified several correlations among the behavioral biases examined, including overconfidence(OC), representativeness(R), anchoring(A), herding(H), mental accounting(MA), and conservatism bias(CB). Positive correlations were found between OC and R, A and OC, A and R, H and OC, H newlineand R, MA and OC, MA and R, CB and OC, CB and R, CB and A, CB and H, CB and MA, risk-taking behaviors and overconfidence, risk-taking behaviors and representativeness, risk-taking behaviors and anchoring, risk-taking newlinebehaviors and herding, risk-taking behaviors and mental accounting, and risktaking behaviors and conservatism bias. Furthermore, herding and conservatism bias was significantly associated with risk-taking behaviors, while anchoring, herding, mental accounting, and conservatism bias were associated considerably with IDs. As part of the assessment techniques utilized in this study, seven characteristics or latent constructs were examined using various observable variables or scale items. -
INVESTING IN WOMEN, INVESTING IN THE PLANET: QUANTIFYING THE IMPACT OF WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT ON ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY; [INVESTIR NAS MULHERES, INVESTIR NO PLANETA: QUANTIFICAR O IMPACTO DO EMPODERAMENTO DAS MULHERES NA SUSTENTABILIDADE AMBIENTAL]; [INVERTIR EN LAS MUJERES, INVERTIR EN EL PLANETA: CUANTIFICAR EL IMPACTO DEL EMPODERAMIENTO DE LAS MUJERES EN LA SOSTENIBILIDAD AMBIENTAL]
Objective: This study finds out the correlation between the indicators of womens empowerment, including variables like gender parity index in tertiary education, female labour force participation and seats held by women in national parliament, and a variable of environmental sustainability such as CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita). The aim is to analyse existing datasets to know the impact of independent variables on dependent variable. Method: The study uses multiple linear regression to evaluate the effects of independent variables indicators of women's empowerment on the dependent variable, CO2 emissions, using secondary data from the World Bank covering the years 1990 to 2022. The Breusch-Pagan and Breusch-Godfrey LM tests are used to look at heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation, respectively, and VIF is used to find multicollinearity. Results and Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a statistically significant relationship between lower CO2 emissions and increases in the percentage of female seats in the national parliament (-3.73) and higher female labour force participation (-6.04). The gender parity index (GPI) in tertiary education, which is -0.2997, does not, however, appear to have a statistically significant impact on CO2 emissions. Implications: This research can serve as a cause for redesigning gender-responsive environmental initiatives and promoting a more sustainable and equitable future. Originality/Value: This study contributes empirical knowledge to the body of literature by showing the potential contribution of women's empowerment in addressing environmental issues and emphasising the significance of taking gender into account in environmental policy and decision-making processes. 2024 ANPAD - Associacao Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Administracao. All rights reserved. -
Investing in Indias electric revolution: A case study of OLA electric
Subject Area: Entrepreneurship, Strategy. Study Level/Applicability: The case is best suited for a course on Entrepreneurial Finance while introducing the sources of finance and a course on Private Equity and Venture capital, while discussing target screening. It exemplifies how new-age ventures can position themselves to attract investments and how venture capital firms use environmental scanning to identify potential investment opportunities. Designed for second-year MBA students, the case assumes familiarity with strategic management concepts like Porters Five Force and Resource-Based View. Case Overview: Amala Menon is a seasoned venture capitalist, strategist, sustainability enthusiast, and founder of Samrithi VentureCaptial and has been actively looking out for investment opportunities in the Electronic Vehicle (EV) space. Believing in the huge potential and the push received by supportive government policies in India, Amala is assessing Ola Electric Mobility Pvt. Ltd (Ola Electric) as an investable option among a list of growing players in the space. A wholly owned subsidiary of ANI Technologies Pvt. Ltd, the parent company of Ola Cabs, Ola Electric, valued at USD 5 billion as of 2022, was founded in 2017 to facilitate mass electric mobility and hence reduce emission and fuel dependency. Though crunching financial metrics and valuation numbers come in during assessing an investment option, she strongly emphasizes evaluating the organizations readiness to obtain further funding in terms of its management team, the potential of the business model and several other crucial parameters. Ultimately, valuation exercise, according to her, aids founders and investors in confirming the strategic positioning of the venture and the business models validity. Hence, at this point, Amala, considering qualitative and quantitative aspects, is focused on assessing whether Ola is a wise investable option compared to its peers. Expected Learning Outcomes: This case study enables participants to: (1) Critically appraise investment prospects in new-age EV startups like Ola Electric considering industry-specific and organization-specific factors. (2) Explore both financial and non-financial factors crucial for evaluating Ola Electrics potential as a promising investment. (3) Evaluate Ola Electric as a potential investment option by leveraging strategic frameworks such as Resource-Based View, Internal and External Factor Evaluation to formulate an investment recommendation. (4) Apply the insights gained from the environmental scan to guide Amalas investment decision regarding Ola Electric. Association for Information Technology Trust 2024. -
Investigations on thermo-mechanical properties of organically modified polymer clay nanocomposites for packaging application
Eco-friendly packing polymer materials are in the spotlight but, lack of new biodegradable polymers either natural or synthetic is yet to establish the market more competitively. So, in the present work, clay as a nano-filler is embedded and organically modified in some synthetic and natural polymers which are well established commercially to enhance their biodegradability. The impact of clay on the properties of synthetic polymers namely, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and natural polymer cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) was studied. Results from differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) showed a decrease in the glass transition temperature of organically modified polymer clay nanocomposites (PCC) than pure polymers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) displayed a uniform surface with small-sized crystallites distributed on the polymer surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra revealed the formation of enhanced intercalated structures in PCC. Furthermore, FTIR studies showed that the interlayer bonding (SiO bands) of pure clay is deformed in PCCs. The tensile strength of PCC increased with an increase in organo-clay loading. This unique mechanical behavior is due to the agglomeration of organo-clay particles. Finally, the biodegradation studies revealed enhanced hydrolytic degradation in PCC than pure polymers. Hence, these PCCs are environmentally friendlier than their pure synthetic polymers without significant compromise in their properties, which makes it suitable for packaging industries. The Author(s) 2020. -
Investigations on the electronic properties and effect of chitosan capping on the structural and optical properties of zinc aluminate quantum dots
Quantum confined uncapped and chitosan capped nanoparticles of ZnAl2O4 synthesized by microwave-assisted solgel method were investigated by structural analysis and optical techniques. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the formation of cubic spinels with crystallite size 4.5 nm and 3.4 nm, respectively for uncapped and chitosan capped ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles. Chitosan capping produced a blue shift in bandgap energy (3.84 to 3.94 eV) agreeing with size effects according to the Brus equation. A blue shift in emission peak and enhancement in photoluminescence intensity was also observed upon chitosan capping. The electronic band structure and the density of states of the bulk spinel were also calculated using density functional theory. The effective masses of electrons and holes estimated based on the band structure were used to extract the excitonic Bohr radius. 2021 Elsevier B.V. -
Investigations on the Design, Performance and Effect of Feed Mechanisms, Defected Ground Structures and Materials for Optimized Microstrip Antenna Array
Microstrip antenna exhibiting low-profle features such as and#64258;exible, lightweight and newlinelow production cost attracts majority of communication industries working the lower newlinepart of the microwave spectrum ranging from 1 GHz to 6 GHz. Also, the microwave integrated circuit technology enables the integration of feed systems and other microwave integrated circuits on the same substrate where the antenna is printed. However, single antenna topologies feature a number of drawbacks, including low gain, poor directivity, narrow bandwidth and limited coverage being low in profle. In the perspective of miniaturization, developments in wireless communication have had a signifcant impact on antenna or array design based on the gain, bandwidth and directivity requirements for specifc wireless applications. As a result, usage of single antenna is not considered appropriate for diversity reception, long-distance communication, signal-to-interference as well as signal-to-noise ratio maximization, and direction of arrival determination, interference rejection, and high power applications. A high-gain broadband antenna or array may be the good choice for outdoor line-of-sight access points to increase signal strength and coverage range. To meet these requirements the antenna designers either can use conventional antennas or rely on miniaturized antennas. When antenna arrays are built using such small antennas to enhance the above said parameters, suitable and compact feed networks are required to ft within the given space of the overall transmitter-receiver geometry. This research work addresses the challenges faced by antenna researchers in newlineminiaturization, maintenance of gain-bandwidth and high-directivity narrow-beam newlineradiation of microstrip antenna arrays, through an investigation made on the design, new mathematical modelling of feed mechanisms for arrays, their inand#64258;uence on 1D and 2D uniform and non-uniform arrays, and the performance enhancement by amalgamating proposed arrays with defected ground structures and metasurfaces. -
