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Biotic elicitation mediated in vitro production of L-DOPA from Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. cell cultures
With the emerging rise in the need for drugs extracted from various plant sources, there also arises the need for the optimum production of the drugs on a larger scale and conservation of those medicinal plants using different in vitro techniques and biotechnological approaches. Plant tissue culture techniques play a prominent role in mass multiplication of the plant. Whereas, strategies such as precursor feeding, elicitation, increases the metabolite content several-fold. Thus, an attempt of using the biotic elicitors for enhancing L-DOPA production, the anti-Parkinsons drug from Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. cell cultures, has been reported in the present study. Aqueous extracts of algae [Amphiroa anceps (AA), Gracillaria ferogusonii (GF), Kappaphycus striatum (KS), and Sargassum lanceolatum (SL)], fungus [Aspergillus sps. (AS), Penicillium sps. (PE), and Cordyceps sps (CO)], and polysaccharide [Chitosan (CH)] solution were exposed to the cell cultures for 3, 6, and 9 d, respectively, and their effect on biomass and L-DOPA production was noted. This is the first report demonstrating the enhancement of biomass and L-DOPA from M. pruriens cell cultures with the use of various algal and fungal elicitors. Based on productivity (L-DOPA concentration biomass volume), it was observed that Cordyceps showed the best result and enhanced both biomass and metabolite to a greater scale. The elicitors, which showed a significant increase, are as follows: CO > AS > PE > CH > AA > KS > GF > SL. On the whole, it was noted that fungal extracts showed better results than algae. 2022, The Society for In Vitro Biology. -
Porous carbons derived from Arecanut seeds by direct pyrolysis for efficient CO2 capture
In this report, we demonstrate the preparation of a series of carbon nanospheres (CNSs) with high surface area and tunable sizes from natural bioresource, Arecanut kernels, by using direct pyrolysis. This method offers a convenient approach to induce porosity in the synthesized carbons without the need for an activating agent. The textural parameters including the specific surface area, pore volume, and pore size can be controlled by the simple adjustment of the carbonization temperature from 700 to 1000C. The CNSs prepared at 700C showed a low specific surface area, whereas the higher carbonization temperatures (8001000C) supported the rise in specific surface area of the products (433.61001.4 m2/g). The carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen (CHN) analysis revealed that the CNSs exhibited a high purity with the carbon percentage ranging between 96 and 99%. The synthesized materials were tested as adsorbents for CO2 gas, and it was found that the CNSs with the highest specific surface area of 1001.4 m2/g registered the CO2 adsorption capacity of 14.1 mmol/g at 0C and 30 bar, which is a reasonably high value among reported porous carbons prepared without activation. This value of CO2 adsorption also stands above the activated carbon and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The excellent CO2 adsorption capability of these adsorbents along with their low-cost synthesis offers a feasible pathway for designing such materials for other applications as well. 2021, Qatar University and Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Highly Luminescent MOF and Its in Situ Fabricated Sustainable Corn Starch Gel Composite as a Fluoro-Switchable Reversible Sensor Triggered by Antibiotics and Oxo-Anions
Frequent use of antibiotics and the growth of industry lead to the pollution of several natural resources which is one of the major consequences for fatality to human health. Exploration of smart sensing materials is highly anticipated for ultrasensitive detection of those hazardous organics. The robust porous hydrogen bonded network encompassing a free-NH2 moiety, Zn(II)-based metal-organic framework (MOF) (1), is used for the selective detection of antibiotics and toxic oxo-anions at the ppb level. The framework is able to detect the electronically dissimilar antibiotic sulfadiazine and nitrofurazone via fluorescence "turn-on"and "turn-off"processes, respectively. The antibiotic-triggered reversible fluoro-switching phenomena (fluorescence "on-off-on") are also observed by using the fluorimetric method. An extensive theoretical investigation was performed to establish the fluoro-switching response of 1, triggered by a class of antibiotics and also the sensing of oxo-anions. This investigation reveals that the interchange of the HOMO-LUMO energy levels of fluorophore and analytes is responsible for such a fluoro-switchable sensing activity. Sensor 1 showed the versatile detection ability which is reflected by the detection of a carcinogenic nitro-group-containing drug "roxarsone". In view of the sustainable environment along with quick-responsive merit of 1, an in situ MOF gel composite (1@CS; CS = corn starch) is prepared using 1 and CS due to its useful potential features such as biocompatibility, toxicologically innocuous, good flexibility, and low commercial price. The MOF composite exhibited visual detection of the above analytes as well as antibiotic-triggered reversible fluoro-switchable colorimetric "on-off-on"response. Therefore, 1@CS represents a promising smart sensing material for monitoring of the antibiotics and oxo-anions, particularly appropriate for the real-field analysis of carcinogenic drug molecule "roxarsone"in food specimens. 2022 American Chemical Society. -
Optimized heat transport in Marangoni boundary layer flow of a magneto nanomaterial driven by an exponential interfacial temperature distribution
In a small boundary layer of the fluid interface, the temperature distribution deviates from being linear with the spatial coordinate and exhibits an exponential form. Hence, the Marangoni convective flow of a nanoliquid driven by an exponential interfacial temperature distribution is modeled in this study. Due to practical applicability, the working fluid is chosen to be ethylene glycol-based magnesium oxide nanoliquid, which is modeled using experimentally estimated properties. In the system, the external effects of an inclined magnetism, thermal radiation, and an internal heat source are considered. Heat transport is rigorously analyzed using an empirical model, which is estimated using the robust response surface methodology (RSM) to find the optimal working conditions and to estimate the sensitivity. The modeled problem is simulated numerically using the finite difference-based scheme and a parametric analysis is conducted to study the effect of magnetic field, inclination of magnetic field, radiation, and internal heat source parameters. The internal heat generation (increase of 0.94%) factor dominates the augmentation in the thermal field but at some distance, the thermal radiation factor has a predominant impact (58.99%). The inclination angle of the magnetic field has a prominent decremental impact on the velocity profile. Also, the radiative heat flux enhances the temperature profile. Optimal working conditions are estimated to be with a magnetic inclination of 10 and using a liquid with 0.25% volume fraction of 100 nm. This study finds applicability in crystal growth, drying silicon wafers, and heat exchangers. 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Effectiveness of public policy in reviving the COVID-19 hit economy: Evidences from Kerala, India
The economic crisis triggered by the COVID-19 urgently required active policy interventions to enhance the revival strategies of the world economy. This paper examines the effectiveness of policy intervention of the State Government of Kerala in India in mitigating the risks caused by the pandemic. The policy effectiveness is evaluated by analyzing the data collected from a sample of 300 beneficiaries with the help of descriptive statistics, ordered probit (OP) model, and semi nonparametric extended OP (SNEOP) model. Our results are assertive with the fact that state policies are effective in reviving the crisis-hit economy as they have primarily helped low-income groups and other marginalized communities. The majority of BPL families, self-help group members, and social security beneficiaries rated government policies as highly or fairly effective. Though the policies are found to be highly effective among those who have suffered income loss, the study does not find sufficient evidence to believe that the government interventions are effective in helping those who have lost their jobs. The level of effectiveness is inversely related to age, education, and family size. Our results suggest that an extensive fiscal package is required to help people recover from the crisis. 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Enhanced visible light induced dye degradation and antibacterial activities of ZnO/NiO nanocomposite synthesized using Clitoria ternatea flower extract
In this study, ZnO/NiO Nanocomposites (NCs) were prepared using a rapid, simple and eco-friendly green synthesis method using medicinal flower extract of Clitoria ternatea and their visible light assisted dye degradation and antibacterial properties were investigated. The synthesised ZnO/NiO NCs were characterised by ultravioletvisible (UVVis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) studies. XRD results revealed that ZnO/NiO NCs exhibit hexagonal wurtzite and cubic crystal structure with an average crystallite size of 18 nm. HRTEM images revealed roughly spherical and hexagonal morphology with an average particle size of 23 nm. The antibacterial activity of ZnO/NiO NCs examined against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria using well diffusion method indicated significant antibacterial activity. The photocatalytic activity of the ZnO/NiO NCs showed 83.4 % and 84.4 % of dye degradation efficiency, respectively against Bromophenol Blue (BPB) and Crystal Violet (CV) dye for 150 min under sun light irradiation. The result shows that the ZnO/NiO NCs investigated in this study exhibited a strong potential agent and was successful in the removal of dye from wastewater. 2022 Elsevier B.V. -
SVD-CLAHE boosting and balanced loss function for Covid-19 detection from an imbalanced Chest X-Ray dataset
Covid-19 disease has had a disastrous effect on the health of the global population, for the last two years. Automatic early detection of Covid-19 disease from Chest X-Ray (CXR) images is a very crucial step for human survival against Covid-19. In this paper, we propose a novel data-augmentation technique, called SVD-CLAHE Boosting and a novel loss function Balanced Weighted Categorical Cross Entropy (BWCCE), in order to detect Covid 19 disease efficiently from a highly class-imbalanced Chest X-Ray image dataset. Our proposed SVD-CLAHE Boosting method is comprised of both oversampling and under-sampling methods. First, a novel Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) based contrast enhancement and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) methods are employed for oversampling the data in minor classes. Simultaneously, a Random Under Sampling (RUS) method is incorporated in major classes, so that the number of images per class will be more balanced. Thereafter, Balanced Weighted Categorical Cross Entropy (BWCCE) loss function is proposed in order to further reduce small class imbalance after SVD-CLAHE Boosting. Experimental results reveal that ResNet-50 model on the augmented dataset (by SVD-CLAHE Boosting), along with BWCCE loss function, achieved 95% F1 score, 94% accuracy, 95% recall, 96% precision and 96% AUC, which is far better than the results by other conventional Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models like InceptionV3, DenseNet-121, Xception etc. as well as other existing models like Covid-Lite and Covid-Net. Hence, our proposed framework outperforms other existing methods for Covid-19 detection. Furthermore, the same experiment is conducted on VGG-19 model in order to check the validity of our proposed framework. Both ResNet-50 and VGG-19 model are pre-trained on the ImageNet dataset. We publicly shared our proposed augmented dataset on Kaggle website (https://www.kaggle.com/tr1gg3rtrash/balanced-augmented-covid-cxr-dataset), so that any research community can widely utilize this dataset. Our code is available on GitHub website online (https://github.com/MrinalTyagi/SVD-CLAHE-and-BWCCE). 2022 Elsevier Ltd -
A mini review on recent advancements in inclined solar still
Water shortage is a global problem, and the demand for fresh water is growing at an ever-increasing rate. The only method to meet the demand for water is via water filtration. Water purification may be done in a variety of methods, including cleaning saltwater or holding rainfall and then releasing it into the environment. There are still several kinds of solar still are available, which may be utilized to improve the amount of water that is generated. The inclined solar still (ISS) is a particularly successful option because it has a large outer water surface to supplement the normal potable water production, as well as because it has a shallow depth of water to increase the overall efficacy of the inclined solar still. Increasing the water's surface area has been the subject of much investigation. As a result of this study, an evaluation was conducted on the present state of various ISS designs in order to make advanced adjustments and research to increase the productivity of the ISS in order to meet the rising need for potable water. According to this analysis, active ISS and hybrid ISS are shown to be the most successful ISS methods. 2022 The Author(s) -
A generic cyber immune framework for anomaly detection using artificial immune systems
Intrusion detection systems play a significant role in computer security. Artificial immune systems are the prime contender in developing an anomaly-based intrusion detection system due to their simplicity. The fundamental goal of this paper is to create a generic framework for an artificial immune system which is fast and accurate in detecting anomalies using artificial immune system concepts. Natural killer cells in the immune system and their quick response to foreign pathogens inspired the adaptation of those cells into an artificial immune system based framework. A natural killer cell-based framework is proposed to improve the accuracy and speed of anomaly detection. The structure of the proposed framework includes major histocompatibility complex class 1 representation, affinity calculation, cell generation, and cell proliferation. This framework addresses the overlapping and hole problem while creating natural killer cells to increase the system's performance. The negative selection algorithm and the positive selection algorithm generate the cells that enhance the anomaly detection technique and give high precision. The parameter response time introduced in this paper is crucial for an intrusion system to be used in real-time. 2022 Elsevier B.V. -
Elicitor and precursor-induced approaches to enhance the in vitro production of L-DOPA from cell cultures of Mucuna pruriens
Elicitation and precursor feeding are two important strategies in the in vitro techniques to enhance metabolite production to meet the demand of mankind. The secondary metabolites produced by the plants are extensively used in pharmaceutical, food and agro-chemical industries. One such metabolite is 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) produced from Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. is used since ancient times to treat Parkinson's disease. Though all parts produce L-DOPA, the seed has the highest quantity. To overcome the extensive usage of the natural sources whose growth and metabolite production is highly dependent on edaphic and ecological factors, in vitro techniques like establishing cell culture for continuous production of metabolites, precursor feeding and elicitation of cell cultures to enhance the metabolite production has been reported in the present study. Callus was developed from the in vitro leaf explant and cell suspension culture was established in the liquid Murashige and Skoog's medium fortified with 0.5 mg/L picloram. Amino acid precursors like tyrosine, phenylalanine and chemical elicitors like methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, sodium nitroprusside and silver nitrate were exposed to cell cultures for different periods (3, 6 and 9 days respectively). The precursors showed a better response in enhancing both the biomass and L-DOPA when compared to the elicitors. 500 and 1000 mg/L tyrosine showed a 1.6- and an 8.1-fold increase in biomass and L-DOPA production respectively when supplemented with MS media. However, though all the elicitors enhanced the L-DOPA production by 1.13.3-folds they did not show much significant increase in biomass. Precursor feeding approaches enhanced the metabolite considerably more than the elicitor treatment. Based on the productivity (Biomass L-DOPA conc.) precursors like Tyrosine>Phenylalanine and elicitors like Sodium nitroprusside>Silver nitrate>Methyl jasmonate>Salicylic acid showed better response. 2022 Elsevier B.V. -
Does Gender and Family Income Impact Stock Trading of B-School Students? Findings from a Stock Simulation Exercise
Educators across the globe utilize online stock market simulation games to introduce students to trading in the stock market. The primary objective of the simulation exercise is to expose students to the practical application of financial theories on fundamental analysis, stock selection, building an optimal portfolio, monitoring the risk-return characteristics and continuously improving the portfolio based on changing realities. This article utilizes the trading data from a simulation exercise conducted by a leading B-school in India. The exercise was conducted as part of Security Analysis and Portfolio Management (SAPM) course offered by the B-school. The objective of the article is to understand the role of gender and family income in the trading patterns of students in the simulation exercise. The article covers 163 students who were part of the simulation exercise in 2019. The results indicate that male students trade more aggressively than female students, both in terms of number of trades and the number of companies traded. However, the female students reported higher stock trading performance, measured in stock returns. This is observed to be true at all the quartiles, with the largest magnitude of the difference in the mid-quartiles. The study also indicates that the students from wealthier families perform better than those from poorer backgrounds. However, family income is an insignificant differentiating factor. Further, regression analysis indicates that gender is a significant determinant of stock returns. Based on these findings, the authors argue that gender has a significant role in the stock trading performance of B-schoolers. The article contributes to the field of behavioural finance, especially on the literature of gender and performance in financial markets. 2022 Management Development Institute. -
Solution Focused vs Problem Focused Questions on Affect and Processing Speed among Individuals with Depression
The present study investigated the effect of solution-focused and problem-focused questions on affect and processing speed in a sample of 60 individuals diagnosed with depression. Participants were equally and randomly assigned to the solution focused question group, problem focused question group, and delayed experimental group. The Beck depression inventory-II was used to assess the severity of depressive symptoms of the participants. The positive and negative affect schedule was used to measure affect. Symbol search and coding were used to measure the processing speed. Solution-focused questions significantly reduced negative affect and improved coding compared to problem-focused questions. Even though there was no significant interaction between the groups in positive affect and symbol search test performance, solution-focused questions caused simple effects in both. Findings imply the scope of solution-focused questions as psychological first aid in intervening depression. Possible long-term effects of solution-focused questions on individuals with depression were discussed. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
An energy efficient approach of deep learning based soft sensor for air quality management
Monitoring environmental pollution is emerging as a recent study area especially in urban and highly polluted industrial areas. This field deploys many chemical analysis models and data driven models through soft sensors. But bio indicators are a more feasible, cost effective and precise monitoring model, which are rarely explored. This paper is based on growth monitoring of Cryptogams, a bio indicator which is capable of directly reflecting the pollution levels in the region of growth. A novel enhanced and energy efficient deformable active contour model is introduced to trace the development of transplanted Cryptogams at various sites with diverse pollution levels. The vegetative development of Cryptogams is monitored for duration of two weeks. The proposed energy efficient contour tracing model proves its superiority in precise tracing of the Cryptogam development, thus aiding in accurate pollution monitoring. The VGG 16 architecture built using deep convolutional neural network by constructing stacks of filters. VGG 16 architecture showed high performance when compared with other existing models. The accuracy is compared with the Ant colony optimization using GVF. 2022 The Authors -
Effect of heavy metals on germination, biochemical, and L-DOPA content in Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.
Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. is a medicinal plant with a wide range of pharmacological properties that have been used in various medicinal preparations for centuries. M. pruriens is a rich source of levodopa (L-DOPA), mainly used to treat Parkinsons disease. The present study investigates the impact of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) on the growth parameters and biochemical characteristics, including the L-DOPA content of M. pruriens. The seeds of M. pruriens were treated with different concentrations of Cd (0250 ppm), Hg (0250 ppm), and Pb (02000 ppm) for 21 days. On exposure to heavy metals, the germination %, the vegetative growth, and the biochemical characteristics such as the protein, carbohydrate, chlorophyll, total phenol, flavonoid, and proline content varied significantly in the heavy metal-treated plants when compared to control. It was also observed that the L-DOPA content increased with increased metal concentration and then decreased further with higher concentration of metals. The metal accumulation increased with the increase in the metal concentration. The seeds treated with 1000 ppm of Pb showed the highest L-DOPA content compared with control and other treatments. 2022 Banadka and Nagella. -
Coping with Public and Private Face-to-Face and Cyber Victimization among Adolescents in Six Countries: Roles of Severity and Country
This study investigated the role of medium (face-to-face, cyber) and publicity (public, private) in adolescents perceptions of severity and coping strategies (i.e., avoidant, ignoring, helplessness, social support seeking, retaliation) for victimization, while accounting for gender and cultural values. There were 3432 adolescents (ages 1115, 49% girls) in this study; they were from China, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, India, Japan, and the United States. Adolescents completed questionnaires on individualism and collectivism, and ratings of coping strategies and severity for public face-to-face victimization, private face-to-face victimization, public cyber victimization, and private cyber victimization. Findings revealed similarities in adolescents coping strategies based on perceptions of severity, publicity, and medium for some coping strategies (i.e., social support seeking, retaliation) but differential associations for other coping strategies (i.e., avoidance, helplessness, ignoring). The results of this study are important for prevention and intervention efforts because they underscore the importance of teaching effective coping strategies to adolescents, and to consider how perceptions of severity, publicity, and medium might influence the implementation of these coping strategies. 2022 by the authors. -
A novel security framework for healthcare data through IOT sensors
The Internet of Things (IoT) has played a crucial role in the distribution of health records and poses security issues to the patient-specific health information needed for remote hospital attention. The majority of publicly accessible security mechanisms for health information do not concentrate on the flow of information from IoT different sensors installed upon the person's blood through networking devices to primary health care centers. In this paper, we investigated the potential risks of unprotected transmission data, particularly among IoT sensor systems and network gateways. The study encourages the transmission of health insurance data to hospitals remotely. The proposed health care information model would encode immediately so that the sensing element before even being transferred to cryptographic techniques. To use a laboratory configuration with two-stage cryptography at the IoT sensor and two-stage decoding at the physician's surgery receptor, the prototype system was validated. The test results for a complete safety system for IoT - based on the transmission of healthcare data seem good. The study opens up new avenues for information security on IoT devices. 2022 The Authors -
Comparative Study on the Experimental Results on Low-Velocity Impact Characteristics of GLARE Laminates with Simulation Results from LS Dyna
Fiber reinforcement with metallic face sheets is one of the recently implemented materials for distinctive applications in automotive and aerospace sectors. While the reinforcement enhances the sustenance property of the laminate, the face sheets provide resistance to impact force. In most automotive sectors, drop weight analysis at varying velocity ranges is performed to evaluate the damage characteristics of the vehicle body. The present work is aimed at studying the influence of low-velocity impact (LVI) on Glass Laminate Aluminum-Reinforced Epoxy (GLARE) laminate. Three distinct thicknesses of Al-2024 T3 aluminum alloy (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4mm) were chosen as the face sheet and E-glass fiber was used as intermediate layers. Epoxy resin LY556 with a HY951 hardener was used to fabricate the GLARE structure and the overall thickness was maintained at 2.0mm for all the cases. Energy absorbed by GLARE laminates for different energy was determined using Drop weight Impact test experimentally and analytically. The laminate and the dart were modeled by ANSYS ACP tool and the simulation was performed using LS Dyna software. It was evident that laminate can sustain impact at a velocity of 3.13m/s and beyond which leads to surface delamination. The simulation results were in close agreement with the experimental values for the absorbed energy, with less than 10% error. 2022, The Institution of Engineers (India). -
A continuous protocol for the epoxidation of olefins, monocyclic terpenes, and Alpha Beta Unsaturated Carbonyl Synthons using eco-friendly Flow Reactor Conditions
Herein, we report a simple synthetic protocol for selective epoxidation of olefins, monocyclic terpenes, and chalcones using a continuous semi-batch process in good to excellent yields. Mainly, industrial semi-batch epoxidation is an extremely risky process that includes very high safety measures to avoid the accumulation of peroxide species in the reactor during the process, which leads to accidents. To avoid the same, we have established a constant flow reactor protocol for the epoxidation of fore mentioned key synthons using a cyanamide-potassium carbonate catalytic system which helps to reduce the accumulation of the peroxide species, and also yields moderate to high yields of the desired products. The developed methodology was successfully utilized for the epoxidation of a range of aliphatic to aromatic olefins to generate corresponding epoxides. All the products and their structures were examined using 1HNMR, and 13NMR spectroscopy. More importantly, this proposed protocol is recyclable and reproducible where in using similar research conditions. 2022 The Authors -
Effect of substrate temperature on the properties of spray deposited Ga2O3 thin films, for solar blind UV detector applications
In this work, Ga2O3 thin films were deposited on glass substrates by chemical spray pyrolysis technique at three different substrate temperatures 350 C, 400 C, and 450 C. The structural, optical, morphological and electrical characteristics of the deposited sample thin films were investigated. From the studies, it is understood that by tuning substrate temperature, we can extensively change the properties of the film. Optimum temperature for coating Ga2O3 thin films was understood and the work was extended to demonstrate a simple deep UV detector, working in photoconductive mode. The fabricated device exhibit medium response to UV light at 254 nm. The present work report the fabrication of solar blind UV detector based on Ga2O3 thin film, grown using low cost, easily scalable spray deposition technique. 2022 Elsevier B.V. -
A Compact Super Wideband Antenna with Controllable Dual Notch Band Capability
In this paper, a novel super wideband (SWB) antenna with dual band notch capability is designed and analyzed for wide band applications. The proposed antenna consists of a pentagonal shaped radiator, beveled-shaped partial ground plane with slot and U-shaped parasitic strips. The beveled-shaped defected ground structure with rectangular slot helps to realize wideband characteristics from 2.4 to 28.2 GHz. Independent control of the notch band's center frequency and bandwidth is achieved by using U-shaped parasitic strips. This key feature is achieved in the WiMAX (3.3 to 3.7 GHz) and WLAN (5.1 to 5.9 GHz) bands. Furthermore, it exhibits a stable radiation pattern and offers acceptable gain over the entire operating bandwidth with sharp decrease in gain at the notches. The percentage bandwidth of 169% is achieved with a bandwidth dimension ratio (BDR) of 6986. Group delay is less than 1 ns in the entire operating bandwidth except at the notch bands. The measured reflection and radiation characteristics of fabricated SWB antenna are in good agreement with the simulation results. The proposed antenna has the advantage of simple design and compact size with an overall dimension of 18 x 21 x 1.6 mm3. The performance of the proposed antenna is superior compared to reported antenna designs in terms of controllable sharp notches and size for the bandwidth achieved. 2022 IAMOT