Browse Items (11810 total)
Sort by:
-
Environment or Development: The Way Forward
This chapter explores the relationship between the environment and development, focusing on the challenges of balancing environmental protection and development goals. Historical perspectives on development and the environment and the emergence of sustainable development are discussed. The chapter examines the challenges in balancing economic growth, poverty reduction, and environmental sustainability, with particular attention given to the issues of climate change and ecological justice. Sustainable development is presented as a solution, with examples of sustainable development initiatives. Critical strategies for balancing environment and development are outlined, including ecosystem-based approaches, integrated land-use planning, the green and circular economy, and sustainable consumption and production. The role of different stakeholders, including governments, the private sector, and civil society, is also discussed. The chapter concludes with recommendations for policymakers and other stakeholders on effectively balancing environmental protection and development goals. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Environment and Human Rights - Interrelatedness
Shodh Prerak, Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp 69-73, ISSN No. 2231-413X -
Entropy generation and thermal analyses of a Cross fluid flow through an inclined microchannel with non-linear mixed convection
The temperature difference of the various applications such as microchannel heat exchangers, microelectronics, solar collectors, automotive systems, micro fuel cells, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is relatively large. The buoyancy force (mixed convection) modeled by the conventional Boussinesq approximation is inadequate since the density of the operating fluids fluctuates non-linearly with the temperature difference. Therefore, the mixed non-linear convective transport of the flow of Cross fluid through three different geometric aspects (horizontal, vertical, and inclined) of the microchannel under the non-linear Boussinesq (NBA) approximation is investigated. Mechanisms of internal heat source, Rosseland radiative heat flux, and frictional heating are incorporated into the thermal analysis. The mathematical construction is proposed using the Cross fluid model for a steady-state, and subsequent non-linear differential equations are deciphered by the spectral quasi-linearization method (SQLM). Graphical sketches were constructed and displayed that explore the stimulus of various key parameters on Bejan number, velocity, temperature, and entropy generation. It is found that the Bejan number and entropy production improved due to the non-linear density temperature variation. The convective heating boundary conditions augment the entropy production. The pressure gradient accelerates the transport of fluid in a microchannel. Furthermore, among three different geometries, the velocity, entropy production, and temperature are the highest for the vertical microchannel. 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Entropy generation and heat transport analysis of Casson fluid flow with viscous and Joule heating in an inclined porous microchannel
The combined effects of the magnetic field, suction/injection, and convective boundary condition on heat transfer and entropy generation in an electrically conducting Casson fluid flow through an inclined porous microchannel are scrutinized. The temperature-dependent heat source is also accounted. Numerical simulation for the modelled problem is presented via RungeKuttaFelhberg-based shooting technique. Special attention is given to analyze the impact of involved parameters on the profiles of velocity (u(?)), temperature (?(?)), entropy generation (Ns), and Bejan number (Be.) It is established that entropy generation rate decreases at the walls with an increase in Hartmann number (M), while it increases at the center region of the microchannel. IMechE 2019. -
Entropy generation analysis of tangent hyperbolic fluid in quadratic Boussinesq approximation using spectral quasi-linearization method
In many industrial applications, heat transfer and tangent hyperbolic fluid flow processes have been garnering increasing attention, owing to their immense importance in technology, engineering, and science. These processes are relevant for polymer solutions, porous industrial materials, ceramic processing, oil recovery, and fluid beds. The present tangent hyperbolic fluid flow and heat transfer model accurately predicts the shear-thinning phenomenon and describes the blood flow characteristics. Therefore, the entropy production analysis of a non-Newtonian tangent hyperbolic material flow through a vertical microchannel with a quadratic density temperature fluctuation (quadratic/nonlinear Boussinesq approximation) is performed in the present study. The impacts of the hydrodynamic flow and Newtons thermal conditions on the flow, heat transfer, and entropy generation are analyzed. The governing nonlinear equations are solved with the spectral quasi-linearization method (SQLM). The obtained results are compared with those calculated with a finite element method and the bvp4c routine. In addition, the effects of key parameters on the velocity of the hyperbolic tangent material, the entropy generation, the temperature, and the Nusselt number are discussed. The entropy generation increases with the buoyancy force, the pressure gradient factor, the non-linear convection, and the Eckert number. The non-Newtonian fluid factor improves the magnitude of the velocity field. The power-law index of the hyperbolic fluid and the Weissenberg number are found to be favorable for increasing the temperature field. The buoyancy force caused by the nonlinear change in the fluid density versus temperature improves the thermal energy of the system. 2021, Shanghai University. -
Entropy generation analysis of radiative Williamson fluid flow in an inclined microchannel with multiple slip and convective heating boundary effects
The main theme of the current work is to investigate the flow and heat transport characteristics of non-Newtonian Williamson fluid in an inclined micro-channel along with entropy generation analysis. The significance of the thermal radiation, convective boundary condition, and multiple slip effects is explored. The entropy generation of the system has been analyzed by adopting the 2nd law of thermodynamics. The rheological expressions of the Williamson fluid model are also taken into account. The nonlinear system is tackled by using the finite element method. An appropriate comparison has been made with previously published results in the literature as a limiting case of the considered problem. The comparison confirmed an excellent agreement. Detailed discussion of the significance of effective parameters on Bejan number, entropy generation rate, temperature and velocity is presented through graphs. The numerical results portray that the entropy generation and Bejan number have escalating behavior to the higher value of angle of inclination. Furthermore, the Bejan number changing its behavior at two points for different values of Reynolds number. IMechE 2021. -
Entropy generation analysis of radiative heat transfer in Williamson fluid flowing in a microchannel with nonlinear mixed convection and Joule heating
In this article, the spectral quasi-linearization (SQLM) method is implemented to solve the complicated differential equations governing the nonlinear mixed convective heat transfer of a Williamson fluid through a vertical microchannel. Unlike the conventional Boussinesq approximation, the quadratic Boussinesq approximation is taken into account in the formulation. The effects of Rosseland thermal radiation, Joule heating, and viscous dissipation are described in the thermal analysis subjected to the boundary conditions of convective thermal heating. The analysis of entropy production is also performed. The importance of various parameters governing velocity, Bejan number, temperature, and entropy generation was explored using graphic illustrations. It was found that the nonlinear density change with a temperature significantly affects the heat transport in the microchannel and thus increases the magnitude of the Bejan number and the production of entropy. Entropy production occurs maximum due to the boundary conditions of convection heating at the walls of the microchannel. Furthermore, due to a stronger viscous heating mechanism, the magnitude of the Bejan number is reduced, while the production of entropy increases significantly. As a limiting case of the problem, a comparison was made with results previously published in the literature and excellent agreement was established. The calculations provide a solid reference point for future CFD models and are relevant to the dynamics of polymers in microfluidic devices and the polymer industries. IMechE 2022. -
Entropy generation analysis of magneto-nanoliquids embedded with aluminium and titanium alloy nanoparticles in microchannel with partial slips and convective conditions
Purpose: Outstanding features such as superior electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of alloy nanoparticles with working fluids make them ideal materials to be used as coolants in microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs). This paper aims to investigate the effects of different alloy nanoparticles such as AA7075 and Ti6Al4V on microchannel flow of magneto-nanoliquids with partial slip and convective boundary conditions. Flow features are explored with the effects of magnetism and nanoparticle shape. Heat transport of fluid includes radiative heat, internal heat source/sink, viscous and Joule heating phenomena. Design/methodology/approach: Suitable dimensionless variables are used to reduce dimensional governing equations into dimensionless ordinary differential equations. The relevant dimensionless ordinary differential systems are computed numerically by using RungeKuttaFehlberg-based shooting approach. Pertinent results of velocity, temperature, entropy number and Bejan number for assorted values of physical parameters are comprehensively discussed. Also, a closed-form solution is obtained for momentum equation for a particular case. Analytical results agree perfectly with numerical results. Findings: It is established that the entropy production can be improved with radiative heat, Joule heating, convective heating and viscous dissipation aspects. The entropy production is higher in the case of Ti6Al4V-H2O nanofluid than AA7075-H2O. Further, the inequality Ns(?)Sphere > Ns(?)Hexahedran > Ns(?)Tetrahydran > Ns(?)Column > Ns(?)Lamina holds true. Originality/value: Effects of aluminium and titanium alloy nanoparticles in microchannel flows by using viscous dissipation and Joule heating are investigated for the first time. Flow features are explored with the effects of magnetism and nanoparticle shape. The results for different alloy nanoparticles such as AA7075 and Ti6Al4V have been compared. 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Entropy Based Segmentation Model for Kidney Stone and Cyst on Ultrasound Image
Segmentation of abnormal masses in kidney images is a tough task. One of the main challenges is the presence of speckle noise, which will restrain the valuable information for the medical practitioners. Hence, the detection and segmentation of the affected regions vary in accuracies. The proposed model includes pre-processing and segmentation of the diseased region. The pre-processing consists of Gaussian filtering and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLHE) to improve the clarity of the images. Further, segmentation has been done based on the entropy of the image and gamma correction has been done to improve the overall brightness of the images. An optimal global threshold value is selected to extract the region of interest and measures the area. The model is analyzed with statistical parameters like Jaccard index and Dice coefficient and compared with the ground truth images. To check the accuracy of the segmentation, relative error is calculated. This framework can be used by radiologists in diagnosing kidney patients. 2022, International Journal of Computing. All Rights Reserved. -
Entrepreneurship education: Innovations and best practices
Entrepreneurship education has become a priority for policy-makers especially in developing countries. Such interventions in the education system are expected to create a culture of entrepreneurship in the society and thereby bring economic benefits through the enterprising behaviour of individuals resulting in better performance of existing organizations as well as creation of new ventures. While the process appears to be simple and straightforward, the experiences have often belied the expectations. The fact that it is rather difficult to assess the long-term impact of entrepreneurship education adds to the confusion and ambiguities. Educators therefore have been tinkering with various aspects of entrepreneurship education and training in the hope of arriving at the best design. Obviously, this has led to many innovations in the curriculum, pedagogy, target groups and institutions involved in entrepreneurship education. The present paper attempts to document these innovations and best practices under a 'WHAT-HOW-WHO-WHERE' framework to capture the four domains of activities involved. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature, we have developed a fairly comprehensive picture of what is happening in the field and proposed a theoretical model highlighting the dual role of entrepreneurship education, namely developing enterprising individuals in the society and providing knowledge and skills required for enterprise creation. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017. All rights are reserved. -
Entrepreneurship Education: Experiments with Curriculum, Pedagogy and Target Groups
The book provides an overview of developments in the field of entrepreneurship education, with special reference to global perspectives on innovations and best practices, as well as research in the emerging economy context. It focuses on various experiments in curriculum design, review and reform in addition to the innovative processes adopted for developing new content for entrepreneurship courses, in many cases with an assessment of their impact on students' entrepreneurial performance. Further, it discusses the pedagogical methods introduced by teachers and trainers to enhance the effectiveness of students' learning and their development as future entrepreneurs. It explains the various initiatives generally undertaken to broaden the scope of entrepreneurship education by extending it beyond regular students and offering it to other groups such as professionals, technicians, artisans, war veterans, and the unemployed. The book is a valuable resource for researchers and academics working in the field of entrepreneurship education as well as for trainers, consultants, mentors and policy makers. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017. All rights are reserved. -
Entrepreneurial challenges of transgender entrepreneurs in India
Social exclusion has impeded transgender individuals to enter mainstream society and curbing them to start a business venture. Sporadic transgender individuals have paved their way to start the business venture. This study aims to explore the entrepreneurial challenges faced by transgender entrepreneurs. Twenty transgender entrepreneurs who have relinquished begging and commercial sex work were interviewed. The grounded theory analysis has revealed six significant categories: financial resources, competitors, human resources, marketing issues, natural calamities, and transphobia. The participants expressed that transphobia, and financial resources were highly challenging to start a business venture. These findings extend our understanding of their challenges beyond the current knowledge of cisgender entrepreneurs. Finally, the limitation of the study is enunciated. Copyright 2025 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Entrepreneurial Attitude and Entrepreneurial Intentions of Female Engineering Students: Mediating Roles of Passion and Creativity
Entrepreneurship holds a crucial function in addressing societal and economic issues like joblessness and inequalities between different regions. Acknowledging its significance, government officials and educational institutions exert considerable energy towards nurturing individuals into entrepreneurs. Multiple elements influence a person's path to becoming an entrepreneur. This research seeks to examine how one's entrepreneurial attitude (EA) impacts one's drive to become an entrepreneur, with passion and creativity serving as an intermediary in this connection. The research is explanatory and employs a survey-based approach. The findings convey that entrepreneurial attitude significantly influences the determination of female engineering students to pursue entrepreneurship. The study highlights the mediating roles of passion and creativity in the relationship between entrepreneurial attitude and intentions. While passion positively mediated the relationship, creativity had a negative mediating effect. 2024, Institute of Economic Sciences. All rights reserved. -
Entomotoxic proteins of Beauveria bassiana Bals. (Vuil.) and their virulence against two cotton insect pests
Entomopathogenic fungi are widely used as biocontrol agents against several agricultural pests. Among them, Beauveria bassiana is considered the important one against insect and other arthropod pests. The entomotoxic proteins of B. bassiana were extracted by Sephadex G-25 column, and fractionated using HPLC (BBI, BBII and BBIII) and tested against two hemipteran insect pests i.e., Dysdercus cingulatus Fab. and Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsely (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Results indicated that protein content was higher in fraction BBII than BBI and BBIII. The vibration frequency in FT-IR obtained with a range of 1650 to 1580 cm?1. Bioassays of fractions (I, II and III) reveal that BBII was highly virulent against third nymphal instar of D. cingulatus (LC50 = 800.2 ppm) and adults of P. solenopsis adult (LC50 = 713.3 ppm). Considering the high virulence of BBII subjected to SDS-PAGE, HPLC and MALDI-TOF analyses. Analyses reveals the presence of 174 kDa and designated as BBF2. These results concluded that the entomotoxic protein of B. bassiana can be utilized for management of these investigated hemipreran pests. Further investigations are necessary for the field application of this entomotoxin against these pests or other insect pests. These results also could be helpful for establishing novel biotechnological uses for this fungus. 2021 The Authors -
Enterpreneurial orientation and the management grid: A roadmap for the enterpreneurial journey /
Asian Journal Of Management, Vol.7, Issue 4, ISSN: 0976-495X (Print), 2321-5763 (Online). -
Enterococcus species and their probiotic potential: Current status and future prospects
Probiotics are described as live microbes that, once consumed in sufficient quantities, provide a health advantage to the host. A rising number of research works have verified the health benefits of probiotics. Enterococci are common bacteria that may be found almost anywhere. For their opportunistic pathogenicity, Enterococci have been associated with numerous nosocomial infections resulting from resistance to antibiotics and the existence of other virulence factors, notably the development of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. However, some Enterococcal strains such as E. faecium and E. faecalis strains are being utilized as probiotics and are widely marketed, usually in the form of pharmaceutical solutions. Enterococcus spp. based probiotics are used to treat irritable bowel syndrome, infectious diarrhea, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea, along with decreasing cholesterol levels and enhancing host immunity. To be used as probiotics in the future, Enterococcal strains must be properly defined and thoroughly evaluated in terms of safety and can be beneficial. Here, in this work, we have reviewed various aspects of Enterococcus spp. pertaining to its possibility of being utilized as a probiotic strain. 2023 Krishna, et al. -
Ensuring robust and secure supply chain: Deploying blockchain
Transparency, visibility, security, source-to-store traceability, and rising customer expectation are the critical points in the retail supply chain. The global supply chain involves a nexus of manufacturers and suppliers who urge for a robust network addressing the above challenges in the supply chain. A better provenance tool can benefit retailers, as customers are more concerned about the retail journey of the product start from its origin. Within the small span since its inception, blockchain has revolutionized the businesses and shown promising result in reshaping the supply chain. Blockchain in retail can provide evidence for the authenticity of product, tacking details for reliable retail delivery and enriching customer experience through product provenance. This chapter aims to explain to retailers the challenges, opportunities, and potential application of blockchain in the retail supply chain. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Ensembled convolutional neural network for multi-class skin cancer detection
A skin cancer diagnosis is critically important in medical image processing. The role of dermoscopy and dermatologists is inevitable in skin cancer diagnosis. But, considering the time constraints on diagnosing patients on time, even medical experts need computer-assisted methods to automate the diagnosis process with a higher accuracy rate and with good performance. Such computer-assisted methods with induced artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are gaining significance. The challenging task of medical image processing is finding benign/malignant pigmented skin lesions after the input image of patients. To identify this difference, AI-based classification algorithms shall be deployed. During the implementation of such algorithms, several performance aspects are evaluated. Once the best such algorithm is identified and evaluated for its performance attributes, it shall be deployed to assist dermatologists. This book chapter explains such a novel multiclass skin cancer classification algorithm. The proposed algorithm uses the best of the attributes and parameters of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to give the best-ever enactment among similar existing algorithms. The result achievement of the developed deep CNN based multi-class skin cancer classification algorithm (DCNN-MSCCA) is demonstrated using the HAM10000 dataset. To establish the significance of the developed algorithm, the performance parameters of the DCNN-MSCCA are compared with a few existing significant algorithms. The maximum accuracy of DCNN-MSCCA in predicting the exact multi-class skin cancer is 95.1%. This book chapter explains the implementation details of DCNN-MSCCA using python and libraries supporting CNN. 2024 River Publishers. -
Ensemble Model of Machine Learning for Integrating Risk in Software Effort Estimation
The development of software involves expending a significant quantum of time, effort, cost, and other resources, and effort estimation is an important aspect. Though there are many software estimation models, risks are not adequately considered in the estimation process leading to wide gap between the estimated and actual efforts. Higher the level of accuracy of estimated effort, better would be the compliance of the software project in terms of completion within the budget and schedule. This study has been undertaken to integrate risk in effort estimation process so as to minimize the gap between the estimated and the actual efforts. This is achieved through consideration of risk score as an effort driver in the computation of effort estimates and formulating a machine learning model. It has been identified that risk score reveals feature importance and the predictive model with integration of risk score in the effort estimates indicated an enhanced fit. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Ensemble Deep Learning Approach for Turbidity Prediction of Dooskal Lake Using Remote Sensing Data
The summer season in India is marked by a severe shortage of water, which poses significant challenges for daily usage and agricultural practices. With unpredictable weather patterns and irregular rainfall, it is crucial to monitor and maintain water bodies such as domestic ponds and lakes in urban areas to ensure they provide clean and safe water for regular use, free from industrial pollutants. In this research paper, we propose an innovative ensemble deep learning approach (e-DLA) that leverages deep learning models to predict the turbidity of Dooskal Lake, located in Telangana, India, using remote sensing data. The proposed approach utilizes various deep learning models, including bagging, boosting, and stacking, to analyze the complex relationships between remote sensing data and turbidity levels in the lake. The study aims to provide accurate and efficient predictions of turbidity levels, which can aid in the management and conservation of water resources in the region. Hyperparameter tuning is employed, and dynamic climatic features are extracted and integrated with the ensemble learning global protective intelligent algorithm to reveal the complex relationship between in situ and measured values of turbidity during the measuring timeline. The proposed approach provides accurate predictions of turbidity levels, enabling the implementation of effective control measures to maintain water quality standards. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly reduces prediction errors compared to existing deep learning models. Overall, this research highlights the potential of machine learning techniques in monitoring and maintaining water resources, particularly in urban areas, to support sustainable water management and usage, and addresses an urgent and pressing issue in India and around the world. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.