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K-Shell X-Ray Fluorescence Parameters of a Few Low Z Elements
K-shell X-ray fluorescence parameters of low Z elements cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc have been measured employing a simple method. These elemental targets were excited by using 32.86 keV barium K X-ray photons from a weak 137Cs ?-ray source, and the emitted K-shell X-rays from these targets were detected using a low-energy high-purity germanium X-ray detector spectrometer. The results are compared with the standard theoretical, semi-empirical, fitted values and with the others experimental values. 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Inc. -
K? to K? X-ray intensity ratios and K to L shell vacancy transfer probabilities of Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn
The K to L shell total vacancy transfer probabilities of low Z elements Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn are estimated by measuring the K? to K? intensity ratio adopting the 2?-geometry. The target elements were excited by 32.86 keV barium K-shell X-rays from a weak 137Cs ?-ray source. The emitted K-shell X-rays were detected using a low energy HPGe X-ray detector coupled to a 16 k MCA. The measured intensity ratios and the total vacancy transfer probabilities are compared with theoretical results and others work, establishing a good agreement. 2015, Pleiades Publishing, Inc. -
K-shell X-ray intensity ratios and vacancy transfer probabilities of Pt, Au, and Pb by a simple method
The K-shell X-ray intensity ratios, radiative and total vacancy transfer probablities of platinum, gold, and lead are measured by employing the 2?-geometrical configuration and a weak gamma source, a simple method proposed previously by our group. The targets of Pt, Au, and Pb were excited using ?-rays of weighted energy 123.6 keV from a weak 57Co source and the emitted K-shell X-rays were detected using an HPGe X-ray detector spectrometer coupled to a 16k multichannel analyzer. The measured values of these parameters are compared with the theoretical values and experimental data of other researchers, finding a good agreement. Thus, the 2?-geometrical configuration method with a weak gamma source can be alternative simple method to measure various atomic parameters in the field of X-ray spectroscopy. 2014, Pleiades Publishing, Inc. -
K-shell jump ratio and jump factor of 3d elements
Employing a simple 2?-geometrical configuration method, K-shell absorption jump ratio and jump factor have been estimated in a few 3d elements viz. Co, Ni, Cu and Zn. The target elements in the form of thin foils were excited using 32.86 keV K X-ray photons from a weak137Cs radioactive source. The emitted K X-rays were detected using a low energy HPGe X-ray detector spectrometerand the K X-ray production cross-section and K X-ray intensity ratios for all the target elements were measured. Then, using the measured data, the K-shell absorption jump factor and jump ratios have been evaluated. The obtained results agree within the experimental uncertainties with previous values reported in the literature. 2018 Author(s). -
A critical study on acetylene as an alternative fuel for transportation
With the traditional power sector hindered by fuel shortage and climate changes, the promotion of green energy becomes the most prioritized objective of the government. The ministry's move becomes significant because conversion to cleaner energy sources is the best way to minimize global warming and to reenergize the global economy. Among the available alternative gaseous fuels, acetylene caters to these needs because of its property similarities with hydrogen. In this research, the suitability of acetylene as an engine fuel is analyzed. Also, the production methods, combustion properties, abnormal combustion, and safety issues were discussed. This review paper describes about the various possible modes of fuel induction techniques to be adopted. The research establishes the utility of acetylene as a commercial fuel for internal combustion engines in the future years by the adoption of suitable methodologies. 2021 Author(s). -
Low cost energy management for demand side integration
Numerous batteries are outfitted with a state ofcharge (SoC) demonstrating the relaxation about the charge. Building a beneficial BMS is to check while thinking about, to that amount regardless we work now not holds a reliable method in imitation of study condition state of-charge, the nearly imperative measurement concerning a battery. Perusing the relaxation about the vigour of a battery is more unpredictable than administering thin fuel as in automobiles. An electrochemical cell diminishes its greatness and the in-and-streaming coulombs are counted for SOC. The BMS together which offers commitment while charging yet releasing; that detaches the battery if the SOC is below certain percentage. Various laws like Peukerts Law for battery capacity have been employed to determine the discharge rate of the battery. Arduino Uno is used for the input parameters required for Peukerts Law and various other calculations for significant monitoring. To address the existing complicated BMS, a new approach has been provided using IoT platform and making the understanding of BMS in much similar perspective. 2018 IEEE. -
ALLEVIATING DATA STORAGE CHALLENGE THROUGH VIRTUALIZATION OF BLOCKCHAIN EMBEDDED WITH INTERNET OF THINGS
Internet of things is evolving day by day with connected devices with continuous advancement in the devices but the security of IoT is not assured due to its trusted third party with centralized servers. Blockchain is a peer-to-peer network, where each peer is responsible for their task without centralized server, and no need to trust anyone in the network. Blockchain is integrated with IoT to improve their security, because of its feature of tamper-proof. Few issues are happening while integrating blockchain to IoT. The main issue that has to be resolved for a blockchain is the storage issue. Whenever the blockchain is evolving the storage of the blockchain is also increasing. IoT peers in the network have to store the entire blockchain to perform the verification of data and the IoT nodes are not having the capability to store the entire data. In this paper, we are discussing the storage issue of blockchain while integrating it into IoT. We proposed a navel approach to resolve the issues of storage by the virtualization technique. The result shows that virtualization reduces the storage capacity for the IoT peers as compared with the previously proposed methods. 2022, Engg Journals Publications. All rights reserved. -
Security Intensification using Blockchain coupled with Internet of Things: Proposal, Challenges and Anatomization
Internet of things is an important part of our day-to-day life where all things are connected in the network with the internet. The number of devices linked to the network grows steadily each day in recent years. The innovation in the manufacturing industry also the reason for the production of different devices that uses various technologies to make a possible connection between the devices. Even though the Internet of Things has been developing and demonstrating its potential in recent years, its security when connected to the internet is in doubt. Blockchain is a disruptive technology that provides security to their network without tampering with the data in the network. Researchers and experts have recommended using the blockchain to address security vulnerabilities in the Internet of Things. In this paper, we have analyzed some of the issues which are occurring while integrating blockchain into the Internet of things. The major issues were discussed and which will be helpful to move towards the research direction to solve those problems. 2022 IEEE. -
Modified Montmorillonite Catalysed Ultrasonic Assisted one-pot Synthesis of Novel 2,3-dihydroisoxazolo[5,4-d] pyrimidin-4(7H)-ones as Potential Anticancer Agents
The development of novel compounds with potential anticancer activity is imperative for combating the challenges posed by cancer. In this study, a modified montmorillonite based catalyst is employed for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydroisoxazolo[5,4-d] pyrimidin-4(7H)-ones, which are promising candidates for anticancer agents. Montmorillonite is modified using mixed metal oxides, typically Al2O3 and CeO2, by a facile approach followed by standard spectroscopic and electron microscopic characterizations. It is then employed for the one-pot synthesis of a series of 2,3-dihydroisoxazolo[5,4-d] pyrimidin-4(7H)-ones. The synthesis protocol, mediated by ultrasound, is simple, efficient, and environment friendly. The mixed metal oxide pillared montmorillonite catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity and selectivity, facilitating the formation of the desired compounds in good to excellent yields. The synthesized compounds are characterized using various spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the anticancer activity of the synthesized compounds is evaluated against a series of cancer cell lines, revealing promising cytotoxic effects. The findings of this study highlight the potential of novel 2,3-dihydroisoxazolo[5,4-d] pyrimidin-4(7H)-ones as promising anticancer agent, warranting further investigation for their therapeutic potential. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Development of CeO2ZrO2 bimetallic oxide catalyst for quinoxaline synthesis
In recent years, heterogeneous catalysts have led to environment-friendly transformations with better yields and reusability. Pd, one of the initial metals employed in heterogeneous organic synthesis, suffered from limitations like its high cost. This justifies the need for development of catalysts with abundant, low-cost metals, which has been receiving a lot of attention in the scientific community. In this work, a bimetallic oxide catalyst, CeO2ZrO2, is synthesized by a solgel route. The structure and morphology of the catalyst are investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, BrunauerEmmettTeller measurements, and temperature-programmed desorption. It is utilized for obtaining quinoxaline derivatives at room temperature. 2,3-Diphenylquinoxaline is obtained via a simple condensation reaction between 1,2-diaminobenzene and 1,2-diketones, catalyzed by CeO2(50)ZrO2(50) with 87% yield in 15 min. Quinoxalines are known for their biological and therapeutic activities; hence, they are essential molecules. The biological activity of the synthesized quinoxaline derivatives has been evaluated against bacterial and fungal strains. 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. -
Affordable Two-Dimensional Layered Cd(II) Coordination Polymer: High-Performance Pseudocapacitor Electrode Behavior
In recent years, pseudocapacitive materials have been investigated rigorously as they provide a unique pathway for realizing high-energy and high-power densities. However, innovative approaches involving rational design and synthesis of new materials are still vital to address concerns such as degradation, low conductivity, low cycling performance, high resistance, production cost, etc. Working in this direction, we report the cost-effective synthesis, characterization, and excellent pseudocapacitive behavior of a Cd(II)-based coordination polymer (COP) abbreviated as Cd(DAB). It has been realized in quantitative yield through a facile one-pot reaction occurring among the N4-ligand, 3,3?-diaminobenzidine (DAB), and Cd(II) ions, derived from Cd(OAc)22H2O, at room temperature. The proposed structure of the COP was ascertained by subjecting it to various standard spectroscopic and electron microscopic studies; these techniques reveal the self-assembly of indefinitely long coordination strands into a two-dimensional (2D) layered structure. The electrochemical performance of Cd(DAB) was evaluated as an electrode material for supercapacitors. Owing to its high conductivity, it portrayed remarkable energy storage (pseudocapacitor) behavior; it exhibited a high specific capacitance of 1341.6 F g-1 and a long cycle life with 81% retention over 10,000 cycles at 20 A g-1. Additionally, an asymmetrical supercapacitor device was fabricated, which exhibited a specific capacitance of 428.5 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society. -
Optimizing malachite green adsorption with Co-PTC metal organic framework: Insights into mechanisms and performance
The removal of organic pollutants from aqueous environments has garnered significant attention in environmental science and engineering. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials for this purpose due to their intriguing structures, high surface area, and perpetual porosity. In this study, we investigate the adsorption performance of Co-based MOF for the removal of malachite green (MG), a common organic dye pollutant. The MOF, abbreviated as Co-PTC is synthesized via a one-pot green approach using perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTC) as the ligand at room temperature. Basic to advanced characterization techniques are employed to elucidate the structure and interactions within the MOF. Through a comprehensive analysis, the underlying mechanisms governing the adsorption process are explored, and optimization studies have been carried out. Co-PTC in minute amounts exhibits an adsorption capacity of 79.3 % selectively for MG in 50 min. The kinetics and isotherm models governing the adsorption process are well investigated. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Graphene quantum dots: Promising catalysts for electrocatalytic water splitting
In recent times, graphene quantum dots have attracted attention from both academia and industry due to their low cost, non-toxicity, abundance, inertness, stability, photoluminescence, and ease of functionalization. Graphene quantum dots are doped with heteroatoms and modified structurally with metals/metal oxides to form composites that find immense application in catalysis. Electrocatalytic water splitting is an energy efficient route for oxygen evolution, hydrogen evolution, and oxygen reduction reactions. Graphene quantum dots based composites have been extensively employed for electrocatalytic water splitting applications, with remarkable results. This chapter focuses on electrocatalytic applications of modified graphene quantum dots in water splitting. 2024 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. -
Recent Advances in Hydrogenation Reactions Using Bimetallic Nanocatalysts: A Review
Hydrogenation reactions have been studied for many decades now and have developed from reactions that appear simple to now being recognized for their many complexities. These reactions are generally catalyzed using monometallic and more recently, with bimetallic nanocatalysts. Hydrogenation plays a vital role in food, chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceuticals, and dye industries to name a few. The hydrogenated products derived from several biomass-based compounds are potential fossil fuels. Such products when employed in daily life, can help conserve natural resources. While hydrogenation of alkynes and alkenes are among the simplest of hydrogenation reactions, the most extensive and elegant manifestation of this reaction is seen in polymerization. Polymers like polythene, polypropylene (plastic) have replaced materials like glass, stainless steel, etc., in making daily use items for the obvious advantages of the former. Purification of alkenes is achieved by partially hydrogenating the respective alkynes present in trace amounts. This serves as an important step in the polymerization process. The presence of nitro group on aromatic rings makes them carcinogenic in nature which harms living organisms. For a safe environment, the elimination or modification of this nitro group becomes imperative. The products of hydrogenation of nitroaromatics and amino aromatics form the basis of pharmaceuticals and dyestuffs. A plethora of bimetallic catalysts have been used to catalyze these hydrogenation reactions. These catalysts are evaluated based on their selectivity and efficiency. This review highlights the recent advancements in the field of hydrogenation of nitro compounds, carbonyl compounds, and unsaturated hydrocarbons catalyzed by bimetallic nanoparticles. 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH -
Rational Designing of Ni-Ag/C Bimetallic Nanoparticles
Bimetallic nanoparticles have been found to show improved properties due to the synergistic effect between the incorporated metals as a result of electronic charge transfer between them. The importance of using bimetallic particles lies in the high selectivity that they offer. Ni being a reactive metal, was doped with Ag, a highly selective host. In this study, Ni-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles supported on carbon have been synthesized by co-impregnation by using nickel (II) nitrate and silver nitrate as precursors. The catalyst is characterized using XRD, FTIR, DLS, Zeta potential, EDX, SEM, and TEM. The scope of this synthesized catalyst can be extended to several reactions like CO2 reduction reaction, hydrogenation, and industrially important organic reactions. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles for catalytic and photocatalytic applications
In the present times, catalysis is ubiquitous in chemical processes. Catalysts range from macromolecules consisting of enzymes to nanoparticles, including metals/metal oxides and composite materials. Due to their harmlessness, biocompatibility, high stability, versatility, and ease of functionalization, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) which are fluorescent in nature, are used extensively for catalytic applications. Several studies regarding the catalytic applications of CNMs have been reported. These applications range from homogeneous to heterogeneous catalysis, where CNMs are used as supports for metal/metal oxide nanoparticles. Extensive studies on nanocomposites, doping strategies, and their utility in catalysis have been carried out. Carbon-based electrocatalysts find applications in both storage and conservation of energy. The exceptional properties of these materials make them an apt choice for various environment-friendly organic transformations. Photocatalysis is another area in which CNMs have excelled. Photoluminescence, photostability, and electron transfer properties of CNMs make them potent candidates for several photoinduced reactions. Various CNMs, namely graphene, carbon dots, nanotubes, graphitic carbon nitride, fullerenes, and graphdiyne, find applications in medicine, catalysis, sensing, bioimaging, supercapacitors, and many more. This chapter focuses on the catalytic and photocatalytic applications of CNMs. 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved including those for text and data mining AI training and similar technologies. -
Impact of NiO/CuO as additives on the pseudocapacitive performance of SiO2-GO composite: Insights from experimental investigation
Recent interest in pseudocapacitive materials faces challenges like degradation and high costs, while low-cost carbon materials suffer from low capacitance. SiO2-GO composites, despite their potential, remain unexplored for pseudocapacitors. The present study addresses this gap by focusing on the synthesis and characterization of SiO2-GO composites, both in their pure form and doped with NiO and/or CuO. These materials are subsequently investigated for their suitability as electrode materials in supercapacitor applications. The obtained results have been comprehensively analyzed with respect to the bonding interactions and morphological characteristics of each material variant. This analysis aims to elucidate how the incorporation of NiO and/or CuO influences the structural integrity, surface chemistry, and electrochemical performance of the SiO2-GO composites. By investigating these aspects, we aim to contribute new insights that could lead to the development of efficient and cost-effective pseudocapacitive electrode materials. 2024 Elsevier Ltd -
Nutrition food labels on consumers purchase behaviour: A triangulation approach
The research paper is about the efforts taken by the marketers in the new century to market the products with the most attractive term "Nutrition food labels". Nutritional labeling is the practice of providing nutritional information on the labels of food packages. Since nutrition label introduces the product to the distributor or target consumer by providing them with all the information regarding the product. The main aim of a marketer is to achieve maximum customer satisfaction, because once if a customer is satisfied it automatically increases customer loyalty and has a positive impact on the firm's profitability position. Our research would help the other researchers to understand the factors that will lead to final purchase identifying the factors that will influence the consumer in making their final purchase decision. The variable matrix proposed with regard to nutritional label would help the researchers in figuring out the measures that would intensely gain the awareness of making use of food labels. Further it would help other researcher to conduct similar studies in different geographical locations across the globe. Other variables can be included along with the variables identified in our study; researchers can also come up with a new study considering this study as a base paper. It is important to assign weights to most discussed variable and then to finalize the variable matrix and hence the researchers have used Dedoose software to analyze the literature review and to find the most promising variable which can be used for the present study. Moreover, lifestyle has a major impact on the consumers brand preference by giving importance to nutritious content. The researchers have concluded that the nutritious labeling descriptions should be considered by the consumers which will help them to maintain a balanced diet but are the consumers aware of the consequences of consuming the wrong product with false information. This mixed approach method has provided insights on quantitative and qualitative approach. 2015-2017 Academic Research Publishing Group. -
COVID-19 and students perception about MOOCs a case of Indian higher educational institutions
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to understand the outcomes of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in the light of COVID-19 concerning the students of higher educational institutions (HEIs) in India. The COVID-19 has disrupted the normal teaching-learning role across the world and has put everyone in a nightmare. HEIs are now requesting students to take up MOOCs to explore and attain knowledge and the same is even followed by the corporate institutions. MOOCs are one of the crisis management solutions to ensure that education is continuous and not disrupted. Design/methodology/approach: The data included in this research has been collected from students of HEIs across India using a convenient sampling method. The collected data was exposed to a factor analysis using a principal component analysis (PCA) technique to reduce multiple dimensions. Findings: The various stakeholders such as the government, HEIs and the MOOC providers have to play a crucial role in developing intellectual human assets for the nations growth and progression by extending flexible and cost-effective learning facilities. Education should be free to boost up the learning motivation, and hence it is the responsibility of the stakeholders to provide few courses free of cost, which will increase the rate of enrolment and student participation. Research limitations/implications: From the research, it is well understood that MOOCs are useful to keep oneself updated with the market and industry trends especially when the world is focusing on business analytics, artificial intelligence and other technologically driven topics and concepts. Practical implications: The present study contributes to the growing body of evidence that MOOCs play an important role in providing flexibility in learning. In the future, if there are similar crisis, which will disrupt education, then the best alternative will be MOOC through which many stakeholders will benefit. Education should be free to boost up the learning motivation, and hence it is the responsibility of the stakeholders to provide few courses free of cost, which will increase the rate of enrolment and student participation. Social implications: Education is a service for the society which will have a long-term positive impact on improving the standard of living of the people. Hence, MOOCs can be one of the educational elements to provide learning opportunities to all age groups. Originality/value: This study has explored the perception of MOOCs among the students of HEIs in India in the COVID-19 pandemic. The fresh data collected from the students is a reflection of their experiences during the COVID-19 lockdown. Indeed, it is quite surprising to know that majority of the respondents have arranged to learn during the pandemic, which shows the thirst and urge to learn. Digital technology and tools are welcomed and accepted by the student community. 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Social media marketing and ghost shopping approach; a new business tool
Research motivation: The researcher is a mystery shopper who has vast experience in various field analyses. The researcher has taken up a few good assignments in various domains, which has given him a good experience. Thus, this experience has motivated the researcher to explore how mystery shopping is used in social media and how the process works in reality. The connectivity between mystery shopping and social media is a new emerging topic and only a very few research work is seen and hence this gap has been used to proceed with this research title. Research materials and methods: The research work makes use of quantitative and qualitative techniques to draw and analyse the data. The respondents for this research work is mystery shoppers, market research agencies, experts in marketing research and mystery shopping, a few marketers who deal with digital marketing etc. The tool used for this research is factor analysis for quantitative analysis and various qualitative techniques to determine the experience, observations, past case studies and literature works. Research outcome: From the quantitative techniques, it is clear that customer experience and relationship between the sales representatives and the customers dealing through online marketing plays an important role in the success of social media marketing which the mystery shoppers observe. Based on the observations a detailed report is submitted which will enhance the firms to form strong strategies. Future scope: The future researchers can analyse on the related aspects of mystery shopping and social media. The problems faced by mystery shoppers with regard to social media observations, the skills needed to deal with digital tools can be researched. IAEME Publication.