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Membrane Technology for Water Purification
Anu K. Biju, Ashna Viswambharan, ... Sabu Thomas 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.. -
Nanotechnology For Medicine: From Fundamentals to Applications
Nanotechnology for Medicine is a multi-contributed book for the most recent and comprehensive information on the foundations and applications of nanotechnology in medicine. With the contribution of experts from across the globe, this edited book covers all the major areas of nanotechnology within the area of medicine. It surveys the principles, analysis, characterization, applications, and technology of nanomedicine for cancer treatment, antimicrobials, antibiotics, microbials, dentistry, gene therapy, biological therapies, ocular diseases, diagnostics, targeting of tumor cells, herbal sources, drug delivery, and biomedical and food and nutrition applications. The book also offers methodological considerations for toxicity, safety, and risk assessment. This book is a useful reference for nanotechnologists, nanoscientists, medical scientists, research fellows, graduates, and university libraries. 2026 selection and editorial matter, Sabu Thomas and Yarub Al-Douri. All rights reserved. -
Facile Fabrication of Nano carbon Derivatives for Optical and Electro chemical Applications
From synthesis of novel materials to their end-use applications, the prime objective of the material science community is to address the burgeoning social issues across the world. Noxious emissions from fossil fuel combustion, increased incidence of skin cancer, drug misuse, and ever-increasing demand for energy are some of the global concerns that require urgent consideration. This drives a relentless quest for a multifunctional material with broad applicability that can directly and constructively impact the quality of life, environment, and economic progress. However, materials of this kind should embrace versatile characteristics, improved competency, plausibility, and lower cost. In light of this, the current doctoral research emphasizes the development of trailblazing graphene-based materials with manifold usages derived from a naturally abundant carbonaceous fossil fuel coke to discover scientific solutions to the aforesaid trials and tribulations. Fossil fuel coal, mainly used for energy purposes, is often discouraged from industrial and domestic consumption due to its contribution to global warming. Despite the fact that coal is a non-renewable resource and a source of greenhouse gas emissions, it is one of the world's bountiful carbon resources. Therefore, it can be exploited as a potent substitute for conventional graphite, enabling the extraction of value-added graphene derivatives along with the sustainable utilization of coal. However, the purity of the precursor is a vital criterion to guarantee the quality and supply of graphene materials. In this doctoral work, coal-coke with 99% carbon content was used for the production of high-quality oxidized multilayer graphene derivatives by employing an environmentally-benign synthesis technique. The obtained graphene structure exhibited a multi-emissive fluorescence property having emissions ranging from blue to green-yellow. In addition, it also possessed remarkable electrochemical performance, good rate capability, and durability, signifying its expediency in energy storage devices. In an attempt to further enhance the scope of as-synthesized coke-based graphene derivatives, heteroatoms such as nitrogen and phosphorus were introduced into the graphene lattice via substitutional doping. It was perceived that nitrogen doping impressively amended the photophysical properties, especially in terms of quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime. Therefore, the as-synthesized nitrogen-doped multilayer graphene derivative was used as a fluorescent biomarker for imaging melanoma skin cancer cells with the purpose of early detection. Wherein co-doping of nitrogen and phosphorus endorsed excellent electrochemical characteristics and sensing performance, owing to the synergistic effect from heteroatoms and the imparted structural corrugations. Thus, by utilizing the as-synthesized nitrogen, phosphorus co- doped heteroatom derivative, oxytocin, a high-risk abused drug, was electrochemically detected in an nM range and validated the possibility of real-time surveillance over its mishandling in edibles and biological models. The coke-based graphene derivatives were further refashioned to obtain optimum textural and surface chemistry characteristics beneficial for energy storage characteristics. Accordingly, simultaneous heteroatom-doping and activation of graphene derivative were achieved. The obtained sample had a high surface area, hierarchical porous structure, increased defect densities, and co-active heteroatom enriched graphene network, suggesting its potential as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications. It was observed that the as-synthesized simultaneously heteroatom-doped and activated samples demonstrated high capacitance value, appreciable cyclic stability, and lower charge-transfer resistance. Henceforth, such enhanced supercapacitive performance points toward the cradle-to-gate transformation of fossil fuel, i.e., the conversion of sluggish black coal to green energy. -
Linear and nonlinear convection in magnetic fluids /
The thesis deals with linear and nonlinear Rayleigh-Benard ferroconvection in a horizontal porous layer. Modified Darcy law is used to describe the fluid motion. The effect of chemical reaction, temperature modulation, gravity modulation and finite amplitudes on the onset of Darcy ferroconvection is considerd. The findings of the problems addressed in the thesis may come in handy for heat transfer application situations with ferromagnetic fluids as working medium. -
Beyond Hype: Understanding Cryptocurrencies Through Its History
The study delves into the evolution of cryptocurrencies, tracing their journey from theoretical concepts to a globally recognized asset class. From the foundational ideas of early digital cash system to the groundbreaking emergence of Bitcoin, the study examines the key milestones that shaped the crypto landscape. The subsequent rise and fall in the crypto market, characterized by periods of exuberance and volatility, are analyzed to understand the underlying factors driving these dynamics. The study further explores the evolving regulatory landscape, highlighting the challenges and opportunities posed by the decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies. By examining the interplay between innovation, market volatility, and regulatory response, this study provide insights into the intellectual lineage, challenges, and context that shaped the crypto market development and the potential trajectory of cryptocurrencies in the future. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Beyond Hype: Understanding Cryptocurrencies Through Its History
The study delves into the evolution of cryptocurrencies, tracing their journey from theoretical concepts to a globally recognized asset class. From the foundational ideas of early digital cash system to the groundbreaking emergence of Bitcoin, the study examines the key milestones that shaped the crypto landscape. The subsequent rise and fall in the crypto market, characterized by periods of exuberance and volatility, are analyzed to understand the underlying factors driving these dynamics. The study further explores the evolving regulatory landscape, highlighting the challenges and opportunities posed by the decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies. By examining the interplay between innovation, market volatility, and regulatory response, this study provide insights into the intellectual lineage, challenges, and context that shaped the crypto market development and the potential trajectory of cryptocurrencies in the future. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Twin Benefits: A Study on the Implementation of Digital Twin in Crypto Mining Optimization
The economic downturns at the beginning of the twenty-first century were marked by peoples distrust of financial institutions. Leveraging the demand for a decentralized financial system, Satoshi Nakamoto introduced the concept of Bitcoin, based on blockchain technology. The growth of Bitcoin attracted attention to the Bitcoin mining farms and their substantial energy consumption. According to the Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index, the annualized energy consumption of Bitcoin reached 145.55 TWh (terawatt hours). Bitcoin ranks 27th in global electricity consumption and 67th in global greenhouse gas emission. The production and disposal of mining hardware is also a significant environmental issue. Crypto mining is an area that is constantly striving to achieve energy optimization. Currently, the main focus for energy efficiency optimization is hardware upgradation, resorting to renewable energy, or adopting overclocking. However, these solutions often focus on the individual aspects of the problem. Farms should have a system to leverage real-time data and analytics to make data-driven decisions for optimization. Digital Twin (DT) has the ability to address these limitations and provide a data-driven approach to energy optimization in crypto mining farms. The article discusses the scope of DT implementation in crypto mining, the benefits and impact of DT implementation, the challenges and considerations with DT implementation, various computational models that can be applied for DT implementation, and the policies and regulations to encourage DT adoption in mining farms. The article delves into the potential of computational modeling approaches like Digital Twin to optimize energy consumption and promote sustainability in the blockchain landscape. The article can also initiate further discussions on how financial technology and environmental responsibility can go hand-in-hand. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Twin Benefits: A Study on the Implementation of Digital Twin in Crypto Mining Optimization
The economic downturns at the beginning of the twenty-first century were marked by peoples distrust of financial institutions. Leveraging the demand for a decentralized financial system, Satoshi Nakamoto introduced the concept of Bitcoin, based on blockchain technology. The growth of Bitcoin attracted attention to the Bitcoin mining farms and their substantial energy consumption. According to the Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index, the annualized energy consumption of Bitcoin reached 145.55 TWh (terawatt hours). Bitcoin ranks 27th in global electricity consumption and 67th in global greenhouse gas emission. The production and disposal of mining hardware is also a significant environmental issue. Crypto mining is an area that is constantly striving to achieve energy optimization. Currently, the main focus for energy efficiency optimization is hardware upgradation, resorting to renewable energy, or adopting overclocking. However, these solutions often focus on the individual aspects of the problem. Farms should have a system to leverage real-time data and analytics to make data-driven decisions for optimization. Digital Twin (DT) has the ability to address these limitations and provide a data-driven approach to energy optimization in crypto mining farms. The article discusses the scope of DT implementation in crypto mining, the benefits and impact of DT implementation, the challenges and considerations with DT implementation, various computational models that can be applied for DT implementation, and the policies and regulations to encourage DT adoption in mining farms. The article delves into the potential of computational modeling approaches like Digital Twin to optimize energy consumption and promote sustainability in the blockchain landscape. The article can also initiate further discussions on how financial technology and environmental responsibility can go hand-in-hand. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Fluorescence bioimaging applications of europium-doped strontium aluminate nanoparticles
Fluorescence bioimaging is widely used for physiological studies to visualise intercellular molecular events due to its highly selective, sensitive, and non-destructive nature. However, its application in in vivo live imaging is often limited by the scarcity of biocompatible fluorescent probes possessing optimal properties. Our study focuses on developing europium-based nanoparticles for in vivo bioimaging, especially imaging of plants. Eu-doped strontium aluminate nanoparticles were synthesised through a conventional solid-state reaction. Structural characterisation of samples using XRD confirmed the prevalence of SrAl2O4 as the prominent phase. The FTIR spectrum, SEM and TEM images were recorded for further characterization. Photoluminescence studies showed orange red emission of sample. The antibacterial activity of the nanophosphors was studied, demonstrating no antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity studies conducted using Neuro-2A cells showed no indications of cytotoxicity associated with europium doped strontium aluminate nanoparticles. When incorporated into the plant tissue culture medium, these nanoparticles were found to have no effect on seed germination and plant growth, and it demonstrated no phytotoxicity. Imaging studies have shown the uptake of nanoparticles by plants and their subsequent transport through the vascular system. Our results emphasise the direct integration of nanophosphors into plant tissues from the growth medium, eliminating the necessity for traditional staining methods in fluorescence bioimaging. Incorporation of nanophosphors into living organisms holds promise for non-invasive and long-term fluorescence imaging, with potential applications in biological studies and diagnostics. The outstanding fluorescence properties and biocompatibility of europium doped strontium aluminate nanoparticles broaden its potential for various applications in fluorescence bioimaging. 2024 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. -
Engineered core-shell nanocomposite fibres incorporating bio-ceramics and bioactive molecules for wound repair
Skin plays a major role in protecting the body from external injuries and contaminants. Despite the self-healing mechanisms of the body, wound healing has several limitations, such as being time-consuming, leading to scar formation, and susceptibility to infections. In this study, a novel coreshell nanofibre membrane was designed to protect wounds and prevent secondary trauma, thereby enhancing the wound healing process. A coreshell nanofibre membrane was prepared using polycaprolactone (PCL) as the core polymer loaded with astaxanthin (ASTX) and bioglass (BG), while the shell was made from polylactic acid (PLA) containing nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) to support faster wound healing. The surface structure, morphology, and hydrophilicity of the fibres were extensively characterised. The analysis revealed uniform, well-organised, interconnected coreshell nanocomposite fibres ideal for cell adhesion and growth. In vitro studies have demonstrated enhanced cell viability and wound closure in mouse L929 fibroblast cells. Immune response studies on test membranes loaded with ASTX, BG, and nHA revealed strong anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In vivo studies indicated favourable cellular responses and superior wound healing potential of membranes incorporated with ASTX, BG and a higher concentration of nHA. These findings highlight the potential of coreshell nanofibre membranes as an innovative wound dressing for full-thickness skin injuries, showing significant promise for biomedical applications, especially in wound healing treatments. 2025 -
Comprehensive spectro-temporal studies of GX 17+2 using AstroSat observations
We performed a comprehensive spectro-temporal study of the Z-type neutron star low-mass X-ray binary GX 17+2 using long term data from the AstroSat/Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) and Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC). The hardnessintensity diagrams (HIDs) of the source revealed a positive correlation between the hardness and intensity, characteristic of soft spectral state. Additionally, the LAXPC-20 HID showed the presence of secular shifts in both hardness and intensity. Time-averaged spectral modelling in the 0.7 ? 30.0 keV energy range indicated that the spectra could be well fitted with the model combination: constant edge edge tbabs thcomp bbodyrad. This analysis yielded a blackbody radius (Rbb) of ?59 km, photon index (?) of ?2.84 and electron temperature (kTe) of ?4.84 keV. Time-averaged temporal analysis revealed normal branch oscillations (NBOs) at ? 7 Hz in Observations 1 and 3, flaring branch oscillation (FBO) at ?15 Hz in Observation 2, and horizontal branch oscillation (HBO) at ?36 Hz in Observation 5. Flux resolved spectro-temporal analysis indicated that the source remained in the soft spectral state throughout all observations. A positive correlation was observed between kTbb, Fbb and Fbol, whereas an anti-correlation was noted between kTe and Fbol. The constant frequency of NBOs with an increase in Fbol suggests that their origin lies in a region strongly influenced by the corona, as explained by the radiation-hydrodynamic model. The origin of FBOs may be attributed to the damped radiation-hydrodynamic mode of radial flow, while the origin of HBOs is supported by the beat-frequency model. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Spectrotemporal Evolution in XTE J1701-462 during Its 2022 Outburst as Revealed by NICER
We present a comprehensive spectrotemporal study of the 2022 outburst of the transient neutron star low-mass X-ray binary (NS-LMXBs) XTE J1701?462 using 57 NICER observational epochs (E1?E57). The 0.8?10 keV lightcurve exhibits a FRED-like profile with multiple rebrightenings and intensity dips, indicating a nonmonotonic evolution of the accretion flow. Broadband spectral modeling with an absorbed Comptonized disk-blackbody model reveals a coherent evolution of spectral parameters consistent with changes in the disk?corona geometry driven by a varying mass accretion rate. The ??Fbol diagram shows distinct clustering, enabling the identification of six accretion states: LHS-1, IMS-1, HSS, IMS-2, LHS-2, and QS. These states trace the expected cycle of disk truncation, inward propagation, and recession, with notable deviations such as sustained coronal heating in IMS-1 and the HSS, likely caused by changes in coronal geometry or the limited bandpass of NICER. State-resolved hardnessintensity diagrams reveal that XTE J1701?462 exhibits a hybrid phenomenology: island and banana branches characteristic of atoll-state early in the outburst, followed by well-defined horizontal and normal branches during IMS-1 and the HSS. As the source decays through IMS-2 and LHS-2, the HID returns to isolated clumps with increasing hardness before entering quiescence. We detected a quasiperiodic oscillation (QPO) at ?27 Hz with a quality factor Q ? 3.4 during epochs E30 and E31. A Crab-based cross-calibration between NICER and NuSTAR shows that XTE J1701?462 reached a peak accretion rate of ?1.21 (Formula presented) ?Edd, suggesting near- or super-Eddington luminosities consistent with its 2006 outburst. 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. -
Enterpreneurial orientation and the management grid: A roadmap for the enterpreneurial journey /
Asian Journal Of Management, Vol.7, Issue 4, ISSN: 0976-495X (Print), 2321-5763 (Online). -
Role of online visual merchandising and personality attributes on purchase intention of customers in the apparel industry
The visual merchandising sector on the online platform has considerably impacted the sales as online visual merchandising (OVM) strategies have become a relatively new concept. The tremendous growth of electronic retailing has led to the adoption of new visual merchandising concepts which are digital. A web space which is visible and aesthetically not appealing distracts the customers across all the generations, which makes them switch to other websites. Online retailing is a competitive and dynamic area, which is created based on the artificial brick and motor concept. This artificial brick and motor concept has to be created on an online shopping platform in terms of attracting the end consumers. Moreover, to do this there needs to be a trigger, or in other words a stimulus which causes an action which leads to a response (reaction). Based on the past theories by psychologists the stimulus and response is not the only factor that serves as a basis for decision making, there is a third essential and integral dimension, organism. Organism simply means a system consisting of interdependent parts which are interlinked. Therefore, personality attributes considered the organism is said to be vital in attracting prospective customers. Current research aims at analysing such prospects on an equal sample size of 400 newlineeach from generation X, Y, Z who have engaged in the online purchase of apparel. Responses newlinewere obtained equally from male and female respondents based on a web survey. Structural newlineequation modelling (SEM) was used for analyses of data. The study proposes a research framework of Stimulus-Organism-Response(SOR) model. Results of the study suggest different personality characteristics of generations considered as organisms mediate the relationship between online visual merchandising cues and play a vital role in purchase intention. Therefore, it is imperative to distinguish between ages and generations to cater to the needs of generation X, Y and Z segmented as customers. -
Key factors shaping personalised employee experience for the Generation Z workforce
Purpose: The workplace has evolved to meet growth and sustainability requirements due to the changing landscape of work scenarios. Soon, Generation Z will be the largest share of the workforce globally as the digital era predominantly shapes Generation Zs behaviour; previous research shows that the corporate work culture has been bound to tailor policies to recruit, retain and motivate them. Thus, this paper aims to absorb the essence of the personalisation of employee experience for Generation Z. Design/methodology/approach: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the factors Generation Z consider important for a better workspace culture with reference to personalisation. Hence, factor analysis was employed as an exploratory method using data from 235 respondents based in South Bangalore a diverse region known as the Silicon Hub, attracting employees from across India. Findings: The study identifies three primary factors that are crucial for personalising the employee work experience: Employee Empowerment, Work Flexibility and Artificial Intelligence Integration, which helps employers understand the need for Generation Z workplace requirements. Research limitations/implications: The study indicates that employers should find ways to improve retention strategies by the concept of personalisation towards Generation Z's distinct workplace preferences. Practical implications: Employers should find ways to improve retention strategies by personalisation confined towards GenZers and involving other generations, making the workplace more flexible and pleasant for exhibiting skills and upscaling the employees career. Originality/value: This study delves into the factors influencing Generation Zs point of view on the personalisation of employee experience provided to them in their respective workplace. 2025, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Influence of Perceived autonomy Support and Personality Traits on Accountability of Higher Secondary School Teachers
The term Accountability, has its origin in ethics. It deals with proper behaviour, newlinebeing responsible for one s actions towards other people and agencies. It has synonyms such as transparency, liability, answerability, and expectations of account newlinegiving (Levitt et al., 2008). Every teacher must respect each student, despite of their newlinebackground, race, gender and provide ample support to achieve excellence. The teacher must teach with highest standards without bias, teacher s primary concern must be students academic excellence, and finally teacher is expected to keep up the highest level of professionalism by being respectful to parents, colleagues, and students (College, 2011). Perceived autonomy support refers to the belief of teachers that administrators or principals consider them as competent, to have freedom of choice and the experience of belongingness and supporting environment. Perceived Autonomy Support has its root in Self-determination theory founded on three core psychological needs such as competence, autonomy, and relatedness (Deci et al.,1985). Personality trait refers to a combination of characteristics that are innate as well as characteristics that are developed due to specific life experiences. John et al., (2010) have summarized all the human personality traits under the umbrella term, the Big Five (openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, neuroticism, and agreeableness). This study examines the relationship among the three major variables such as Accountability of Teachers, Perceived Autonomy Support and Personality Traits. newlineFurther it explores whether Perceived Autonomy Support and Personality Traits have newlineany significant impact on Accountability of Higher Secondary School Teachers. Thirdly it identifies significance of Accountability, Perceived Autonomy Support and Personality Traits and its components across Type of schools, Gender, Age, Marital Status, Teaching Experience, Educational Qualifications and Subjects. -
StructureProperty Relationships Governing Rheological, Damping, and Thermal Behaviour of Immiscible Natural Rubber/Nitrile Rubber Blend Nanocomposites
Polymer nanocomposites have been attracting significant interest over the last three decades. One of the most intriguing applications is related to the preparation of clay-filled nanocomposites based on rubber blend matrices. Although several studies already exist on the subject, there is limited information available regarding their rheological, thermal, and, particularly, damping behaviour of rubber blend systems. In this work, the rheological, viscoelastic, and thermal behaviour of a natural rubber/nitrile rubber (NR/NBR) blend nanocomposite containing organically modified nanoclay was systematically investigated, and the damping characteristics were also assessed. At a lower nanoclay concentration (5 phr), network formation through fillerfiller and fillerpolymer interactions led to partial immobilization of polymer chains, resulting in a pronounced increase in viscosity and enhanced viscoelastic response. In contrast, at higher nanoclay loading (10 phr), strong agglomeration of filler particles occurred, corresponding to a stacked clay morphology, which hindered effective fillerfiller network formation and weakened fillerpolymer interactions, leading to lower viscosity and reduced damping efficiency. The blend composition and filler content were found to significantly influence the investigated properties, especially the hysteresis loss and the thermal conductivity, which is explained by matrixfiller interactions and the resulting morphology of the system. 2026 by the authors.