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Non-enzymatic electrochemical determination of progesterone using carbon nanospheres from onion peels coated on carbon fiber paper
A simple electrochemical sensor was developed by coating Onion peel wastes derived carbon nanospheres on carbon fiber paper (CFP) electrode. Carbon nanospheres (CNS) were prepared from Onion peels utilizing an environmentally benign and cost-effective strategy. In the present investigation, the obtained carbon nanospheres were coated on carbon fiber paper and the modified electrodes were physicochemically characterized by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. Electrochemical characterizations of the modified electrodes were done by Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). CNS modified CFP electrode was successfully used in the determination of Progesterone, an important steroid hormone at an ultra-nanomolar level with superior detection limit of 0.012 nM. The developed electrochemical sensor was effectively utilized for the determination of Progesterone in pharmaceutical Progesterone injections, human blood serum samples and cow milk samples. 2019 The Electrochemical Society. -
Electrochemical sensing of vitamin B12 deficiency marker methylmalonic acid using PdAu-PPy tailored carbon fiber paper electrode
Vitamin B12 is very important for human metabolism and its deficiency can cause anemia and the production of large red blood cells. An increased concentration of methylmalonic acid (MMA) is detected much before the transformation of blood cells, which thereby is an early indicator for mild or serious Vitamin B12 deficiency. A simple electrochemical sensor based on PalladiumGold (PdAu) was developed by electrodeposition of PdAu nanoparticles on Polypyrrole (PPy) modified carbon fiber paper (CFP) electrode. The modified electrodes were characterized by High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electroanalytical techniques. Differential Pulse Voltammetric (DPV) studies have established that under optimum conditions, the developed sensor exhibits a broad linear dynamic range (4.01 pM - 52.5 nM) with a very low detection limit (1.32 pM). The proposed method was effectively applied in the non-enzymatic determination of MMA at an ultralow level in human blood serum and urine samples. The method displayed high selectivity toward MMA in the presence of other interfering substances. 2020 Elsevier B.V. -
Microencapsulated spirulina fortified yoghurt - An insight into physicochemical and sensory properties
Yoghurt is a widely consumed dairy product having good nutritional and functional properties. Incorporation of spirulina can enhance its health benefits due to its rich protein and antioxidant activity. However, direct addition affects sensory attributes, leading to reduced consumer acceptance. This study evaluates the impact of microencapsulated Spirulina-fortified yoghurt (ME-SP yoghurt) (treatment) on its physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties, comparing it with plain yogurt as the negative control and Spirulina-incorporated yoghurt (without encapsulation) as the positive control. Results indicated that spirulina incorporation increased protein content in both positive control and treatment, but negatively influenced sensory acceptance in treatment due to colour and flavour changes. Microencapsulation effectively masked undesirable sensory characteristics while preserving nutritional benefits and an increase in protein content by 4.05%. More quantity of spirulina (1%) could be added to yoghurt when we used encapsulated spirulina than spirulina without encapsulation (0.5%). Textural analysis showed improved viscosity and stability in the microencapsulated sample than PC and NC. Microbiological analysis confirmed the probiotic viability in all samples within the acceptable range, based on the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) and Codex Alimentarius standards for fermented dairy products. Sensory evaluation revealed that microencapsulation significantly enhanced flavour (7.9) compared to direct spirulina addition (6.96). This study concludes that microencapsulation is a viable technique to enhance the functional properties of spirulina-enriched yoghurt while maintaining its sensory appeal. 2025 Indian Council of Agricultural Research. -
Machine Learning Based recommendation system Using User-Item Interaction
Electronic commerce, or e-commerce, is the activity of trading services and commodities through the internet. Identifying the item that the consumer may buy from the enormous number of possibilities accessible to solve this difficulty is now one of the key difficulties encountered by most E-commerce businesses. Recommender systems have been implemented. Recommender systems (RS) are systems that collect information from users about their preferences and allow them to make decisions from the available options. Today, various recommender systems are growing with the advent of web-based information. As you can see from various articles, such recommender systems are used in a variety of industries, from simple objects to more sophisticated objects.RS has gained popularity in the previous decade, particularly in the realm of E-Commerce and related sectors. This report aims to identify recent developments as well as their potential for improvement. It is intended to elaborate on a number of points. And also work more on user-item based recommendation. These types of user-item based recommendation will be more effective in fashion area. 2022 IEEE. -
Impact of Heavy Metals on Growth and Biosynthesis of Important Secondary Metabolites from Mucuna Pruiens (L.) DC and Withania Somnifera (L). DUNAL
Herbal medicine has a long history of utilizing medicinal plants to treat various newlineailments for a long time. However, heavy metal toxicity in herbal medicines has been newlinedocumented. The occurrence of heavy metals in medicinal plants is a consequence of exposure to tainted agricultural sources. The consumption of medicinal plants newlinecontaminated with heavy metals has caused detrimental health implications. On the newlineother hand, plants when subjected to heavy metal stress exhibit changes in secondary newlinemetabolite production. Thus, the assessment of heavy metal stress on plant growth, newlinesecondary metabolite production, and its bioaccumulation must be worked on. The newlinepresent study investigates the effect of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and newlinemercury on germination, growth, biochemical variations, heavy metal accumulation, newlineand biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in two of the most valuables ayurvedic newlinemedicinal plants Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC and Withania somnifera (L). Dunal. The M. pruriens seeds were exposed to 25 -250 ppm Cd and Hg and 200-2000 ppm Pb and the seeds of W. somnifera were exposed to 20-200 ppm Cd, 10-100 ppm Hg and 100-1000 ppm Pb for 21 days to evaluate the LD50 value. M. pruriens showed 50% germination at 150 ppm Cd, 175 ppm Hg, and 1200 ppm Pb. W. somnifera showed newline50% germination at 70 ppm of Hg, 140 ppm Cd and 400 ppm Pb. The LD50 value obtained was used to select the appropriate Cd concentrations for further studies to newlinebe carried out in the polyhouse. The seeds of M. pruriens were sown in soil pretreated newlinewith metals ranging from 50-200 ppm Cd, 25-225 ppm Hg and 400- 1600 ppm Pb, newlinewhereas the two months old W. somnifera were exposed to 40-200 ppm Cd, 20-100 ppm Hg and 200-1000 ppm Pb. The heavy metals impacted the growth of plants and significantly varied biochemical parameters, such as carbohydrate, chlorophyll, flavonoid, protein, proline, phenol, MDA content, metabolite content, and newlineantioxidant activity. -
Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Coriandrum sativum L.
Coriandrum sativum L. is a pharmaceutically significant herb that is used for culinary purposes and in herbal formulations. It is an annual herb from the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) with unique taxonomic characters. Generally called Dhania or kutumbari, it is cultivated worldwide for its distinct flavors and medicinal properties. Coriander is a rich reservoir of nutrients and significant biochemicals. The phenomenal healing properties of coriander can be attributed to the phytochemicals present in essential oils produced in various parts of the plants, such as leaves, flowers, fruit, and seed. The essential oils are rich in biochemicals like Linalool, (E)-2-decenal, 2-Decenoic acid, camphor, etc. These biomolecules altogether contribute to many pharmacological activities like analgesic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, anthelmintic, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-mutagenic, antioxidant, anxiolytic, diuretic, hypnotic activity. There are many scientifically proven reports to suggest its importance for usage. The present chapter summarizes the nutrition, biochemicals, and the scientifically proven pharmacological activities of Coriandrum sativum L as well as its cultivation and processing. 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. -
Blockchain-Based Model for Secure and Fair Data Provision in Crowdsourced Drone Services
Current centralized systems for crowdsourced drone services face problems in maintaining data integrity, fairness in data exchanges, and efficient resource allocation. These issues are critical in applications such as bushfire management, where accurate and timely data are essential. In response, we propose a blockchain-based model that creates a decentralized marketplace for secure data provisioning. In this system, drone operators send real-time environmental data to bushfire management authorities, and the data are recorded on a blockchain to ensure traceability. The model includes a time commitment-based mutually verifiable fairness mechanism to prevent dishonest behavior and to ensure that both data providers and consumers follow the agreed terms. Two new consensus mechanisms, Proof-of-Data Integrity (PoDI) and Proof-of-Service (PoSv), are introduced to confirm data authenticity and service quality. Additionally, a dynamic trust model that combines direct and indirect trust metrics is implemented to further support system reliability. Ethereum smart contracts are used to automate secure payment processing and to enforce transaction rules. This approach addresses the shortcomings of current systems and provides a clear framework for secure and fair data management in emergency response scenarios. 2020 IEEE. -
A Novel Approach to Enhance Influencer Marketing in E-commerce: A Cross-A-Siamese Perspective
One of the most notable aspects of the Internet is the fact that the cost of (global) communication has been drastically decreased. Individuals may potentially reach massive audiences with their messages over the Internet due to its widespread use. With the rise of blog services, social networking platforms, etc., people's technological talents are no longer a limiting factor. Data preprocessing, feature selection, and model training should all be done in this sequence of significance. Applying fundamental data preparation techniques guaranteed the data's accuracy and relevancy. Feature selection includes the computation of an influencer's overall rank based on six important criteria, which are used for influencer identification and ranking. Feature retrieval is the first step in training Unified Cross-A-Siamese models. The proposed method outperforms two cutting-edge methods: Attention module and siamese. Accuracy increased by 95.70 percent once the approach was used. 2024 IEEE. -
The Influence of Mobile Commerce on Consumer Behavior: A FCM-RF-DNN Analysis
For m-commerce vendors, the difficulty is to decipher what factors impact customer actions in the ubiquitous mobile setting. In addition, companies are attempting to incorporate social media into their mobile approach in some way. This proposed approach to the findings of a qualitative exploratory study regarding the use of social media and smartphones within the framework of mobile commerce. Keep in mind the order of importance while doing data preprocessing, feature selection, and training the model. The usual steps in getting data ready for processing, such as cleaning it, identifying users and sessions, and finding episodes. The IS-DT suggested method's implementation technique is utilized in feature selection. Unified FCM-RF-DNN models need to be trained after features have been retrieved. Two state-of-the-art approaches, RF and DNN, are outperformed by the suggested approach. Following the implementation of the method, accuracy improved by 96.13%. 2024 IEEE. -
Cultural Immersion in Social Work Education: A Pathway to Global Citizenship and Cross- Cultural Community Development
With the increasing globalization of the world, social work education must change itself to build students with intercultural competence and global citizenship skills. Cultural immersion programs are a valuable resource for preparing social work professionals to navigate different socio- cultural settings using an inclusive, participatory social development approach. The present chapter will provide an overview of literature reviews, case studies, and theoretical reflections on cultural immersion in social work education. The discussion will consider theories on how such experiences might shape students' conceptualization of social inequalities, community- based interventions, and ethical issues in cross- cultural situations. The chapter will conclude by exploring potential directions for utilizing cultural immersion to design academic and professional development paradigms in pursuit of broader global citizenship and cross- cultural community development agendas. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Post-road traffic injury experiences and challenges faced by college students: A qualitative study in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, India
Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are a pressing public health concern in India, leading to a rise in injury-related deaths, hospitalizations, and disabilities. India accounts for a significant portion of the world's fatal traffic accidents, with two-wheelers being involved in the majority of these accidents. The impact of non-fatal injuries on individuals extends beyond the bodily consequences of the injury and includes both the physical and psychological dimensions of the injury. The literature indicates the need for policy cascades and implementation framework for the prevention of road traffic injury. This study aimed to investigate the post-RTI experiences and challenges faced by college students who experienced road traffic injury during their college life by using a qualitative research approach in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, India. The study found that college students who experienced RTIs faced a wide range of physical, emotional, and social difficulties. The study highlights the need for a more comprehensive and holistic approach to RTI prevention that takes into account the complex interplay of individual, environmental, and societal factors that contribute to RTIs. The study also underscores the urgent need to improve the quality and availability of healthcare and rehabilitation services for RTI survivors. 2024 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. -
Challenges and Opportunities in Deploying Explainable AI for Financial Risk Assessment
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been used more and more in financial decision-making recently, raising questions about the accountability and transparency of these complex systems. The current study investigates the way Explained Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods might alleviate these concerns and improve the openness of financial decision-making procedures. Nowadays machine learning algorithms are easier to use than ever before, but creating and deploying systems that facilitate real-world banking services has proved challenging. This is mostly due to the fact that algorithms for machine learning are neither transparent or explainable, two attributes that are essential to creating reliable technology. What sets this study unique is the construction of an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) model that addresses these accessibility concerns while also serving as an instrument for the establishment of credit risk control policies. This work proposes an explainable artificial intelligence model for financing risk control to measure the risks associated with credit financing via peer-to-peer financing networks. The framework uses Shapley parameters to provide AI forecasts according to significant factors that explain. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) and gradient boosting methods had the greatest accuracy scores, 92.4 and 97.6, accordingly. The accuracy of the model was evaluated on a bigger database, and the findings demonstrated that it regularly achieved high levels of accuracy. The SVM and GBM models achieved accuracies of 94.8 and 97.6, respectively. 2025 IEEE. -
Challenges and Opportunities in Deploying Explainable AI for Financial Risk Assessment
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been used more and more in financial decision-making recently, raising questions about the accountability and transparency of these complex systems. The current study investigates the way Explained Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods might alleviate these concerns and improve the openness of financial decision-making procedures. Nowadays machine learning algorithms are easier to use than ever before, but creating and deploying systems that facilitate real-world banking services has proved challenging. This is mostly due to the fact that algorithms for machine learning are neither transparent or explainable, two attributes that are essential to creating reliable technology. What sets this study unique is the construction of an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) model that addresses these accessibility concerns while also serving as an instrument for the establishment of credit risk control policies. This work proposes an explainable artificial intelligence model for financing risk control to measure the risks associated with credit financing via peer-to-peer financing networks. The framework uses Shapley parameters to provide AI forecasts according to significant factors that explain. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) and gradient boosting methods had the greatest accuracy scores, 92.4 and 97.6, accordingly. The accuracy of the model was evaluated on a bigger database, and the findings demonstrated that it regularly achieved high levels of accuracy. The SVM and GBM models achieved accuracies of 94.8 and 97.6, respectively. 2025 IEEE. -
A novel approach to study generalized coupled cubic SchringerKorteweg-de Vries equations
The Kortewegde Vries (KdV) equation represents the propagation of long waves in dispersive media, whereas the cubic nonlinear Schringer (CNLS) equation depicts the dynamics of narrow-bandwidth wave packets consisting of short dispersive waves. A model that couples these two equations seems intriguing for simulating the interaction of long and short waves, which is important in many domains of applied sciences and engineering, and such a system has been investigated in recent decades. This work uses a modified Sardar sub-equation procedure to secure the soliton-type solutions of the generalized cubic nonlinear SchringerKorteweg-de Vries system of equations. For various selections of arbitrary parameters in these solutions, the dynamic properties of some acquired solutions are represented graphically and analyzed. In particular, the dynamics of the bright solitons, dark solitons, mixed bright-dark solitons, W-shaped solitons, M-shaped solitons, periodic waves, and other soliton-type solutions. Our results demonstrated that the proposed technique is highly efficient and effective for the aforementioned problems, as well as other nonlinear problems that may arise in the fields of mathematical physics and engineering. 2022 -
Numerical simulation for coupled nonlinear Schringer-Korteweg-de Vries and Maccari systems of equations
The primary goal of this paper is to seek solutions to the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations (CNPDEs) by the use of q-homotopy analysis transform method (q-HATM). The CNPDEs considered are the coupled nonlinear Schringer-Korteweg-de Vries (CNLS-KdV) and the coupled nonlinear Maccari (CNLM) systems. As a basis for explaining the interactive wave propagation of electromagnetic waves in plasma physics, Langmuir waves and dust-acoustic waves, the CNLS-KdV model has emerged as a model for defining various types of wave phenomena in mathematical physics, and so forth. The CNLM model is a nonlinear system that explains the dynamics of isolated waves, restricted in a small part of space, in several fields like nonlinear optics, hydrodynamic and plasma physics. We construct the solutions (bright soliton) of these models through q-HATM and present the numerical simulation in form of plots and tables. The solutions obtained by the suggested approach are provided in a refined converging series. The outcomes confirm that the proposed solutions procedure is highly methodological, accurate and easy to study CNPDEs. 2021 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
An efficient technique for generalized conformablePochhammerChree models of longitudinal wave propagation of elastic rod
In this article, we introduce analytical-approximate solutions of time-fractional generalized Pochhammer-Chree equations for wave propagation of elastic rod by means of the q-homotopy analysis of the transform method (q-HATM). In the Caputo sense, basic concepts for fractional derivatives are defined. Several examples are given and the results are illustrated via some surface plots to present the physical representation. The results show that the current methodology is productive, powerful, efficient, easy to use, and ready to incorporate a wide variety of partial fractional differential equations. 2022, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science. -
Novel soliton solutions of four sets of generalized (2+1)-dimensional Boussinesq-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-like equations
In this paper, we examined four different forms of generalized (2+1)-dimensional Boussinesq-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (B-KP)-like equations. In this connection, an accurate computational method based on the Riccati equation called sub-equation method and its Bklund transformation is employed. Using this method, numerous exact solutions that do not exist in the literature have been obtained in the form of trigonometric, hyperbolic, and rational. These solutions are of considerable importance in applied sciences, coastal, and ocean engineering, where the B-KP-like equations modeled for some significant physical phenomenon. The graph of the bright and dark solitons is presented in order to demonstrate the influence of different physical parameters on the solutions. All of the findings prove the stability, effectiveness, and accuracy of the proposed method. 2022 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
Novel approach to the analysis of fifth-order weakly nonlocal fractional Schringer equation with Caputo derivative
The main goal of this study is to find solutions for the fractional model of the fifth-order weakly nonlocal Schringer equation incorporating nonlinearity of the parabolic law and external potential using a recent modification of the homotopy analysis method (HAM) called the q-homotopy analysis transform method (q-HATM). A mixture of q-HAM and Laplace transform is the projected solutions procedure. The method contributes approximate and exact (for some special cases) solutions such as the bright soliton, dark soliton, and exponential solutions. The simulation results using Mathematica package software, demonstrate that only a few terms are enough to achieve precise, effective, and reliable approximate solutions. In addition, in terms of plots for varying fractional order, the physical behavior of q-HATM solutions has been depicted and the numerical simulation is also exhibited. The results of q-HATM reveal that the projected method is competitive, reliable, and powerful for studying complex nonlinear models of fractional type. 2021 The Authors -
Computational techniques to study the dynamics of generalized unstable nonlinear Schringer equation
In this paper, a more general form of unstable nonlinear Schringer equation which describe the time evolution of disturbances in marginally stable or unstable media is studied. A new modification of the Sardar sub-equation method is discussed and employed to retrieve solitons and other solutions of the suggested nonlinear model. A variety of solutions, including bright solitons, dark solitons, singular solitons, combo bright-singular solitons, periodic, exponential, and rational solutions are provided with considerable physical perspective. Using the q-homotopy analysis algorithm in combination with the Laplace transform, we present the approximate solutions of the bright and dark solitons, including the physical nature of the attained solutions. The computation complexity and results indicate that the given techniques are simple, effective, uncomplicated, and that they may be used to a wide range of unstable and stable nonlinear evolution equations encountered in mathematics, mathematical physics, and other applied disciplines. 2022 -
Fabrication of Didactic Model to Demonstrate Bottle Filling System Using Programmable Logic Controller
Automation is the evolution of manufacturing process which will ideally lead to e-governance. It helps humans and machines to be connected at the hip, blending the cerebral aptitudes of human and specialized abilities of automated bots to immune the workspace. Automated system has enhanced the modern day market by increasing the quality of the product as well as making the fabricating process time efficient. Lights out technology in industry promotes the robots to do work even after working hours when the lights are shut down in industry. In this research paper, a unique approach is used to fabricate a didactic model which demonstrates the working of a bottling plant which may be preferred for medium and small scale industries. To implement the process, CODESYS is used to program CPX-CEC-C1 PLC, a digital computerized system which performs logical decisions and provides outputs based on sensor inputs. The main focus is towards interfacing pneumatics and hydraulic components with PLC. 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.