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Traffic Management in Forest and Ecosystem Conservation. A Study on NH 766 Through Bandipore National Park and Proposing a Traffic Management Plan with Alternate Route Consideration
Transportation network is inevitable in the developing world. In India where we have a rich forest cover, many of the roads are passing through eco-sensitive areas such as national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. There are issues being reported due to these roads passing through the eco-sensitive areas such as animal deaths due to road accidents, loss of habitats, fragmentation of ecosystems, and loss of forest cover. The CalicutKollegal national highway, NH766 is passing through Bandipore national park on the stretch which connects Sultan Bathery and Gundelpette. Recently, a conflict had risen between environmental activists and the public for imposing a complete traffic ban along the NH766 passing through the Bandipore NP. A baseline study had conducted on the NH766, and the impact of the same on the ecosystem existing is analyzed through the data collected. A network analysis is performed on the alternate route available for bypassing the traffic. Traffic management plan and policies are derived out of the analysis on the baseline data collected and the inferences drawn from the network analysis performed on the alternate routes. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Traditional Food Systems in the Indian Himalayas Perspectives from Climate Science
The Indian Himalayas have various crops and livestock that have sustained local communities for generations. Nonetheless, multiple factors, such as climate change, threaten these conventional agricultural systems. This chapter examines the climate science perspectives on traditional farming systems in the Indian Himalayas. It overviews the regions agricultural systems, including cultivated cereals and domesticated animals. The work also examines the effects of climate change on traditional farming systems, including temperature fluctuations. Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent, and precipitation patterns are changing. This passage highlights the significance of traditional knowledge in coping with climate change. It emphasizes the importance of utilizing integrated approaches that merge traditional knowledge with climate science to ensure the sustainability and resilience of conventional agricultural systems in the Indian Himalayas. We require a pragmatic strategy to address the issue of climate change and safeguard the regions agriculture. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Traditional finance vs. web 3: A comparative analysis of key features and characteristics for better readability purposes
Web3 is a ground-breaking invention that has the ability to address the shortcomings of web1 and web2. The industry witnessing its major impact is the finance sector. A wave of innovation in traditional finance has been inspired by the introduction of Web3. It is also referred to as the decentralised web and is a developing movement that is upending conventional finance by providing a more open, safe, and decentralised substitute. Traditional banking should work to adopt the features that Web3 offers, including stability, scalability, interoperability, security, performance, extensibility, management, and openness. In order for TradFi to maintain its relevance and expertise in the face of the widespread adoption of digital financial modes, it is now necessary to embrace several Web3 capabilities. Keeping into consideration the relevance and importance of Web3 in finance, this chapter will basically focus on analysing the key features and characteristics of Web3 in comparison to traditional finance. 2023 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Traditional Ecological Knowledge Repository in the Indian Himalayas: An Overview
Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) refers to a body of informa-tion that is also referred to as local knowledge, traditional knowledge, native knowledge, and indigenous technological knowledge. A number of studies show the role of traditional ecological knowledge in decision-making in social-ecological systems that support sustainability and resilience. International agencies have also highlighted and emphasised the importance of TEK practises in the preservation of biological variation. For instance, the UN Convention on Biodiversity, Article 8 (j), makes it very plain that respect, maintain, and promote innovation and practises of indigenous and aboriginal populations connected with sustainable use of biolog-ical diversity are essential. The benefits of TEK for sustainable forest management were acknowledged in the 2005 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Report by the World Bank. As environmentalists, anthropologists, and arborists share interests in TEK for academic, social, or economic reasons, this highlights the significance of TEK in difficulties relating to biodiversity protection. Numerous components of TEK are seen favourably by experts in fields of forestry, irrigation, architecture, ethno-biology, irrigation, agriculture, medicine, sun and water conservation, conventional weather prediction, adaptation to climate change, and disaster risk reduction. Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) is predominantly populated by indigenous peoples and local societies, which are quite diverse in terms of socio-culture and race. The region has nearly 40% of all of Indias indigenous tribes. This area is also special for its tradi-tional ecological knowledge. Many of the TEK-based practices have supported local communities in earning a livelihood. The indigenous peoples expertise and expe-riences are said to play a crucial part in preventing climate change, and they may give important information on the implications of climate change. Hence, sustaining biodiversity in the IHR is also a means of defending indigenous peoples rights. By making the TEK the focal point of governance systems at the IHR, the variety of options for sustainable growth and even the co-production of the body of knowl-edge would be expanded. Therefore, it seems sensible to get knowledge from the TEK before it is lost to the onslaught of modernity. However, there are numerous problems or issues with traditional ecological knowledge in India, including igno-rance in considering conservation policies by the Indian government and the lack of effective documentation of this priceless knowledge. To develop sustainable and culturally suitable management techniques, it is currently a challenge to combine indigenous knowledge standards and management methods with Western science. Realising the above, this chapter attempts to comprehend the concept of TEK and its application throughout a variety of resource management contexts throughout a variety of resource management scenarios. Further, it will explore various issues and challenges and examine the regulations thereof. Lastly, this chapter concludes by highlighting the strategies and suggestions for an effective repository of traditional ecological knowledge in the Indian Himalayan Region. 2024 The Author(s). -
Trade Integration and Export Aspiration: Evidence from India's Trade in Goods with BRICS Countries
The purpose of this study was to examine the dynamics of trade between India and the BRICS countries as well as to gauge the relative strength of Indian exports to those nations. The trade integration patterns among BRICS countries were also analyzed. To quantify the extent to which India's exports correspond to the needs of its BRICS counterparts, a novel export aspiration index was constructed. The index of trade integration patterns has also been employed to quantify India's trade integration pattern with other BRICS members. Further, the gravity model of trade has been employed to analyze the fundamentals of India-BRICS trade. The export aspiration in individual BRICS countries shows a diverse pattern. However, India's export aspiration in these countries has improved, although marginally in the long run. Such empirical evidence substantiates that the relative strength of India's exports within its BRICS counterparts has marginally improved over time. Moreover, the trade integration index indicates a similar trade integration pattern among the BRICS countries and corroborates the presence of inter-industry trade. Added to the conventional variables of the gravity model, India's outward multilateral trade resistance and BRICS inward multilateral trade resistance significantly promote India-BRICS trade. Hence, the relative strength of Indian exports will increase substantially if India's commodity composition is diversified by including more commodities in its export baskets that correspond to the needs and changing conditions of the BRICS economies. Copyright 2022 Mudaser Ahad Bhat, Aamir Jamal, Mirza Nazrana Beg. -
Trade in renewable energy technologies: A comparison of India and China
[No abstract available] -
Trade in Pollution-intensive Products: Evidence from India
This article explains Indias trade from an environmental perspective. Besides explaining trends and patterns of trade in pollution-intensive products, we investigate Indias comparative advantage in these products and discuss the emerging issues. The exercise based on the UN Comtrade dataset reveals that much of Indias exports happen under this category with better revealed comparative advantage (RCA) values, which do have high environmental concerns. We sum up the article by arguing that there is a need to attend to sector-specific problems encountered by these industries and have a well-knit environmental policy, so that trade and industrial expansion do not have a major environmental concern. 2022 Management Development Institute. -
Tracking the transmission channels of fiscal deficit and food inflation linkages: A structural var approach
This empirical analysis aspired to unearth the transmission channels of fiscal deficit and food inflation linkages in the Indian perspective by reasonably exerting the data for 1991 to 2017. The precise results of structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) analysis proffered that there were three different mechanisms of transmission such as consumption, general inflation, and import channels that led to food inflation in response to the high fiscal deficit. The first channel revealed that government deficit spending had a positive impact on income which further led to food inflation through surging the household consumption expenditure. It was concluded that fiscal deficit passed through general inflation finally leading to a food price surge in the economy and seemed to work as cost-push inflation for the food and agricultural industry. The outcome also revealed that the impact of fiscal deficit passed to food inflation through external linkages such as import and export. 2020 The Society of Economics and Development, except certain content provided by third parties. -
Tracking Sigmoid Regression with Multicollinearity in Phase I: An Approach Incorporating Control Charts
Regression and quality control are two crucial techniques that data analysis employs in improving the decision-making process. We use the sigmoid function to model the connection between independent factors and the dependent variable in sigmoid regression. When there is a significant correlation among the independent variables in a regression model, multicollinearity a statistical phenomenon exists. Multicollinearity presents problems with higher uncertainty when estimating individual coefficients possibly making it harder to identify each variable's distinct contribution to the model. By suggesting a control chart specifically designed for the sigmoid regression model, this research presents a strategy to address the impact of influential observations using regression control charts, by making use of principal component regression class estimators. Principal component regression merges from the principal component analysis and linear regression methodologies, aiming to alleviate multicollinearity issues and enhances the stability of regression models. The performance of the model is evaluated using Pearson's residuals, Deviance residuals, and residuals. This strategy is proven to be useful in real world situations demonstrated through an application in the field of sleep wellness disorder. In conclusion, this study introduces a unique control chart to manage multicollinearity in sigmoid regression, providing a new perspective on the topic to spot differences in the underlying process by highlighting trends in the residuals. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Tracking Greenfield FDI During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis by Sectors
We study the trends and fluctuations in greenfield foreign direct investment (GFDI) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis on a global scale. We analyse the data of a data set of GFDI provided by fDi Markets (Financial Times) to understand the contraction of GFDI during the first three quarters of the year 2020, taking into account the sector of the investment and the host and home country. We analyse both the long-run trends and the quarter-over-quarter changes in GFDI to capture its fluctuations before and during the first wave of the COVID-19 crisis and the 2008 global financial crisis. Our findings cast light on which countries and industries GFDIs were most affected by the pandemic crisis and draw a comparison to the global financial crisis. To our surprise, many services industries have shown unexpected resilience of GFDI due to the flexibility for remote work. On the contrary, GFDI in the manufacturing industries, as well as the extractives and the utility industries, has shown a dramatic decline during the pandemic. These contractions raise questions of stability and resilience of the global supply chains these industries are a part of. JEL Codes: F21. 2021 Indian Institute of Foreign Trade. -
Tracking and Localization of Devices - An IoT Review
S everal IoT applications have immediate impacts on daily lives. The notion of "connected life, which includes IoT has been discussed. Apps that rely on localization are also featured. IoT is originally used to determine the precise position of things, animals, and people. The second tracks everyone and everything that's on the move, including pets, kids, and the elderly people. Localization and tracking are integral parts of security and surveillance systems in interconnected homes. This study reviews the state-of-the-art IoT-based localization and tracking approaches and outlines the key technical aspects, and contrast localization initiatives based on Internet of Things (IoT) with those that do not show how they might be used in a variety of contexts. It is now well established that localization and tracking methods based on the Internet of Things (IoT) are more pervasive and accurate than their predecessors. 2023 IEEE. -
Tracing the outer disk of NGC300: An ultraviolet view
We present an ultra-violet (UV) study of the galaxy NGC300 using GALEX far-UV (FUV) and near-UV (NUV) observations. We studied the nature of UV emission in the galaxy and correlated it with optical, HI and mid-infrared (3.6 ?m) wavelengths. Our study identified extended features in the outer disk, with the UV disk extending up to a radius of 12 kpc (> 2 R25). We estimated the FUV and NUV disk scale-length as 3.05 0.27 kpc and 2.66 0.20 kpc respectively. The scale-length in FUV is 2.3 times larger than that at 3.6 ?m, and we also find the disk to gradually become flatter from longer to shorter wavelengths. We performed a statistical source subtraction to eliminate the background contaminants and identified 261 unresolved UV sources between the radii 5.3 kpc and 10 kpc (1 ? 2 R25). The identified UV sources show an age range between 1300 Myr with a peak at 25 Myr and a mass range between 10 3M? to 10 6M?, estimated using Starburst99 models. The north-eastern spiral arm is found to be populated by young low mass sources suggesting that the star formation in this spiral arm is a recent phenomenon. The UV emission beyond the R25 radius has contribution from these low mass sources and is extended up to ? 2 R25 radius. We conclude that NGC300 has an extended UV disk, mainly populated by young low mass sources. The star formation rate is measured to be ?0.46M?/yr which is comparable to its near optical twin M33. 2019, Indian Academy of Sciences. -
Tracing the impact of social media on social cognition: Bibliometric analysis
The words "misinformation, " "fake news, " and "post-truth" have filled social media posts. It is a serious social threat, especially post COVID-19. In this chapter, the authors provide bibliometric analysis of research on social media and its impact on social cognition. This can be useful for identifying gaps for future research in the field. Publication data was obtained from the Web of Science database using a search algorithm. A total of 22,935 articles were extracted, and 22,909 eligible articles were included for analysis. Document co-citation analysis revealed that themes on social engagement, fake news, problematic social media use, and healthcare emerged as trends on shaping the social cognition through social media. Further, India achieved 9th position on the list based on citations and 8th on centrality and did not appear on any of the top-10 lists based on Burst value and Sigma. This indicates that neither sudden trend-setting articles nor scientific novelty-based articles have been published in this domain thus far. There is a considerable research gap in India to counter misinformation. 2024, IGI Global. -
Tracing narcissism in the digital era - A study on the selfie phenomenon /
With the advent of mobile camera technology, there stepped in a new concept of photography popularly known as ‘selfie’. Selfie eliminated all the trouble and embarrassment of requesting others to click the picture of one’s own self. Selfie’s rise in popularity can be primarily attributed to social media sites and platforms where they are shared, liked and commented the most. Sensing selfie’s phenomenal popularity, it was soon commercialized by marketers, one form of it being the introduction of selfie stick. -
Toy telephone /
Patent Number: 346943-001, Applicant: Ritwika Das Gupta. -
Toxicological Profiling of Onion-Peel-Derived Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres Using In Vivo Drosophila melanogaster Model
Toxicological profiling of the novel carbon materials has become imperative, owing to their wide applicability and potential health risks on exposure. In the current study, the toxicity of mesoporous carbon nanospheres synthesized from waste onion peel was investigated using the genetic animal model Drosophila melanogaster. The survival assays at different doses of carbon nanoparticles suggested their non-toxic effect for exposure for 25 days. Developmental and behavioral defects were not observed. The biochemical and metabolic parameters, such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein level, triglyceride level, and glucose, were not significantly altered. The neurological toxicity as analyzed using acetylcholinesterase activity was also not altered significantly. Survival, behavior, and biochemical assays suggested that oral feeding of mesoporous carbon nanoparticles for 25 days did not elicit any significant toxicity effect in Drosophila melanogaster. Thus, mesoporous carbon nanoparticles synthesized from waste onion peel can be used as beneficial drug carriers in different disease models. 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. -
Toxicity analysis of endocrine disrupting pesticides on non-target organisms: A critical analysis on toxicity mechanisms
Endocrine disrupting compounds are the chemicals which mimics the natural endocrine hormones and bind to the receptors made for the hormones. Upon binding they activate the cascade of reaction which leads to permanent activating of the signalling cycle and ultimately leads to uncontrolled growth. Pesticides are one of the endocrine disrupting chemicals which cause cancer, congenital birth defects, and reproductive defects in non-target organisms. Non-target organisms are keen on exposing to these pesticides. Although several studies have reported about the pesticide toxicity. But a critical analysis of pesticide toxicity and its role as endocrine disruptor is lacking. Therefore, the presented review literature is an endeavour to understand the role of the pesticides as endocrine disruptors. In addition, it discusses about the endocrine disruption, neurological disruption, genotoxicity, and ROS induced pesticide toxicity. Moreover, biochemical mechanisms of pesticide toxicity on non-target organisms have been presented. An insight on the chlorpyrifos toxicity on non-target organisms along with species names have been presented. 2023 Elsevier Inc. -
Toxic waste colonialism : A re-evaluation of global management of transboundary hazardous waste /
Journal On Environment Law Policy And Development, Vol.3, pp.85-119, ISSN: 2348-7046. -
Toxic text classification
The users of the Internet increase every moment with increasing population and accessibility of the Internet. With the increase in the number of users of the Internet, the number of controversies, arguments and abuses of all kinds increases. It becomes necessary for social media and other sites to identify toxic content amongst a large number of content being posted by the users of the sites every second. The traditional algorithms that depend on users reporting toxic content for it to be deleted and necessary actions to be taken against the users posting the content would take a long time, within which it would have gained media attention and would have lead to huge fights over the content. Thus, it becomes important for the content to be evaluated for toxicity at the time it is posted in order to stop it from being posted. Therefore, we have designed and trained a deep learning model that can be read through the textual content given through it and determine if it is toxic or not. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2021. -
Toxic heavy metal ion detection by fluorescent nanocarbon sensor derived from a medicinal plant
In the twenty-first century, the importance of environmental pollution sensing cannot be overstated. Cadmium is a well-known poisonous heavy metal that seriously endangers human health. In terms of screening for poisons and diagnosing illnesses, the sensitive and focused detection of cadmium in cells is crucial. In this work, we developed Green fluorescent Carbon nanomaterial (Carbon nanomaterial) synthesized from a novel precursor, Justicia Wynaadensis, by the most eco-friendly, cost-effective hydrothermal method, which acts as a fluorescent probe for Cadmium fluorescence sensing technique with the concentration range of 1 nM1 M. The sensor displays remarkable linear detection with a 5.235 nM detection limit. 2022 The Author(s)