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Identification of Consumer Buying Patterns using KNN in E-Commerce Applications
In recent days, with the advancement of technologies, people use electronic medium to carry out their businesses. E-commerce is a process of allowing people to buy and sell products online using electronic medium. E-commerce has a wide range of customer base as well. The data generated through transaction helps the enterprises to develop the marketing strategy. The growth of this e-commerce application depends on several factors. Some of the factors are follows 1) Customer demand, 2) Analyzing buying pattern of the users, 3) Customer retention, 4) dynamic pricing etc. It is very difficult to analyze the buying pattern of customers as there is a wide range of customer base in the online platform. To overcome this problem, this research study discusses about the challenges and issues in e-commerce applications, also identifies and analyses the buying patterns of customer using various machine learning techniques. From the implementation it is identified that, KNN algorithm performed well while comparing it with various other machine learning algorithms. Performances of these algorithms have been analyzed using various matrices. For analyzing, the model is tested using e-commerce dataset (Amazon dataset downloaded from Kaggle.com). From the analysis it found that KNN algorithm computes and predicts better compared to other machine learning algorithms either Nae Bayes, or Random Forest, or Logistic Regression etc. 2023 IEEE. -
Identification of broken characters in degraded documents
Optical Character Recognition (OCR) deals with the recognition of characters in a text document. Steps like Preprocessing, Segmentation and Recognition are embedded in the OCR machine. When a document is scanned it will be taken into OCR and will recognize the characters. But noisy scanning of documents, low-quality printed documents and thresholding error leads to the generation of broken characters. When these documents are given as inputs into OCR, the recognition becomes a tedious process since the broken characters are misunderstood by the OCR machine. So the broken characters have to be identified and segmented separately. This work aims to enhance the degraded documents with broken characters using image processing techniques. For identifying or recognizing the broken character from the image various techniques like vertical projection profile, horizontal projection profile, chain code, mean based thresholding are used. The lines from the document are separated using line segmentation. Separate characters are extracted using Vertical Projection Profile and Horizontal Projection Profile. The character is identified using chain coding. The broken characters are found from them using Mean-based Thresholding and is merged using Heuristic information. The proposed method achieves an accuracy of 92.88% and also performs well for color image documents as well as black and white image documents also because of the effective preprocessing. 2018 Intelligent Network and Systems Society. -
Identification of ambulance in traffic videos using image processing techniques
Traffic congestion is one of the commonly faced problems in the Urban areas. To eliminate these problems, there is a need for an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) that proposes an efficient method to reduce the traffic problems and introduces the priority system for the Emergency vehicles. This paper proposes two frameworks that identify ambulance in traffic videos based on features such as color, siren and text. Frames are extracted from videos to employ methods like multilevel thresholding and region matching. Multilevel thresholding is used for segmenting the ambulance from the other occurring vehicles based on the white color. Region matching for text detection method is employed in the segmented vehicle. Color space thresholding is used for the detection of siren based on red or blue color feature. Optical character recognition (OCR) is employed to extract the text in the frame. Word comparison and Matching detects the ambulance text based on the outcome of OCR. The performance of Framework 1 and Framework 2 are evaluated based on Word accuracy and from the experimental results it is observed that Framework 2 is better from 75% word accuracy. 2018, Institute of Advanced Scientific Research, Inc. All Rights reserved. -
Identification and structure-activity relationship studies of small molecule inhibitors of the human cathepsin D
Cathepsin D, an aspartyl protease, is an attractive therapeutic target for various diseases, primarily cancer and osteoarthritis. However, despite several small molecule cathepsin D inhibitors being developed, that are highly potent, most of them show poor microsomal stability, which in turn limits their clinical translation. Herein, we describe the design, optimization and evaluation of a series of novel non-peptidic acylguanidine based small molecule inhibitors of cathepsin D. Optimization of our hit compound 1a (IC50 = 29 nM) led to the highly potent mono sulphonamide analogue 4b (IC50 = 4 nM), however with poor microsomal stability (HLM: 177 and MLM: 177 ?l/min/mg). To further improve the microsomal stability while retaining the potency, we carried out an extensive structureactivity relationship screen which led to the identification of our optimised lead 24e (IC50 = 45 nM), with an improved microsomal stability (HLM: 59.1 and MLM: 86.8 ?l/min/mg). Our efforts reveal that 24e could be a good starting point or potential candidate for further preclinical studies against diseases where Cathepsin D plays an important role. 2020 Elsevier Ltd -
Identification and standardization of counsellor competencies for masters level counsellor education programs in India
Counselling psychology programs in India have been criticized for being ‘poor replicas of concepts that have originated in western cultures’. The lack of Indian models has been quoted as a drawback indicating that trainees are not necessarily competent to provide effective counselling services. The present study aimed at identifying and standardizing competenciesfor post graduate counsellor training in India based on local needs.The study employed a mixed methods design with four phases. In the first phase, a list of key occupational tasks were drawn up through a systematic review of literature and interviews with three expert practitioners. The second phase was the development of a counsellor competency list which outlined the various competencies required to fulfil the key occupational tasks determined in the previous stage. Seventy one competencies were identified and the list was then given for expert validation. In the third phase, the competency list was given to 75 practicing counsellors across India who rated the competencies on a 5-point likert scale, based on its importance for post graduate counsellor trainees. In the final stage the prioritized competencies were analyzed using a concept development approach to identify core competencies required for master level counselling psychology trainees. The resulting core competencies were three foundational competency domains which included ethical practice, personal and professional development and cultural sensitivity. -
Identification and standardization of counsellor competencies for master level counsellor education programs in india
Counselling psychology programs in India have been criticized for being poor replicas of newlineconcepts that have originated in western cultures . The lack of Indian models has been quoted as a drawback indicating that trainees are not necessarily competent to provide effective counselling services. The present study aimed at identifying and standardizing competencies for post graduate counsellor training in India based on local needs.The study employed a mixed methods design with four phases. In the first phase, a list of key occupational tasks were drawn up through a systematic review of literature and interviews with three expert practitioners. The second phase was the development of a counsellor competency list which outlined the various competencies required to fulfil the key occupational tasks determined in the previous stage. Seventy one competencies were identified and the list was then given for newlineexpert validation. In the third phase, the competency list was given to 75 practicing newlinecounsellors across India who rated the competencies on a 5-point likert scale, based on its importance for post graduate counsellor trainees. In the final stage the prioritized competencies were analyzed using a concept development approach to identify core competencies required for master level counselling psychology trainees. The resulting core competencies were three foundational competency domains which included ethical practice, personal and professional development and cultural sensitivity. There were also three newlinefunctional competency domains which included the counselling process, the supervision newlineprocess and the promotion of counselling in India. Specific competencies under each domain were also listed along with behavioral indicators for the same. Thus the core competencies that counsellor trainees must develop to provide an effective service were identified and this has implications for training and practice. -
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Idealised Bilinear Moment-Curvature Curves of Reinforced Masonry (RM) Walls
In this paper, an analytical investigation of the axial loadflexural strength interaction of reinforced masonry walls is carried. The curvature ductility of masonry walls is evaluated for walls with different modes of reinforcement configurations under different levels of axial loads. An analytical expression for evaluating the curvature ductility of masonry walls at varying axial loads is proposed in this paper. Value of curvature ductility obtained from the proposed expression is compared with existing methods. Results indicate the proposed model can be used to determine the ductility of reinforced masonry walls. 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Ideal co-secure domination in graphs
A set S ? V of a graph G = (V, E) is a co-secure dominating set if for every u ? S, there exists v ? V \ S such that uv ? E and (S \ {u}) ? {v} is a dominating set of G. The minimum cardinality of a co-secure dominating set of G is the co-secure domination number and is denoted by ?cs(G). In this paper we initiate the evaluation of a domination parameter known as the ideal co-secure domination and is defined as follows: A set D ? V is an ideal co-secure dominating set of a graph G = (V, E) if for every u ? D and for every v ? V \ D such that uv ? E, (D \ {u}) ? {v} is a dominating set of G. The minimum cardinality of an ideal co-secure dominating set of G is the ideal co-secure domination number and is denoted by ?ics(G). We look to determine the ideal co-secure domination number of some families of standard graphs and obtain sharp bounds. We also provide the conditions necessary for the trees to have ideal co-secure domination number equal to n - 2. 2020 Author(s). -
ICT Policy Reforms for Innovation and Economic Development: A Comparative Study of India and China
The widespread adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has become essential for economic and social growth across the world. This paper aims to examine the impact of ICT policies and reforms on the level of economic development and adoption of ICTs in two countries, India and China. Previous studies have shown the positive impact of ICT adoption on economic growth, productivity, and innovation. However, the effectiveness of specific policy measures in promoting ICT adoption and economic development remains ambiguous to the users of ICT. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the ICT policies and reforms implemented in India and China from 2010 to 2021 and their impact on GDP per capita and internet usage. The study aims to identify and analyze the key ICT policies and reforms implemented in the two countries and examine their impact on economic development. The data for this study have been collected from the World Bank indicators database. The sample consists of the two fastest-growing economies in the world, India and China. The data analysis involves conducting descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis to examine the relationship between ICT policies and reforms and their impact on GDP per capita, internet usage, and research and development expenditure. The findings of this study will contribute to the existing literature on the relationship between ICTs and economic development and provide insights into the policy measures that can promote ICT adoption and economic growth in different contexts. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
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ICT integration in universities in relation to ict challenges and work motivation of lecturers in harare zimbabwe
This study was ICT integration in universities in relation to ICT challenges and work motivation of lecturers in Harare, Zimbabwe. There exists varying rates of ICT newlineintegration in universities and this has a negative impact on the teaching and learning newlineprocesses. The major aim of the study was to assess the relationship between ICT integration, ICT Challenges and work motivation of lecturers. The findings of the study is expected to show how universities could isolate challenges and tailor-make strategies of overcoming them whilst at the same time getting deeper insight into human behavior in an organisation and its contribution towards ICT integration. The thesis was therefore conducted to match availability of ICTs and their utilization as newlinethis had a direct bearing on the curriculum delivery as well as empowering learners to newlineengage in meaningful, challenging and enlightening tasks since ICTs have the potential to play a powerful role in every university- both inside and outside lecture room/classroom. Institutional responses to ICT influences have inevitably brought about a lot of changes in the teaching / learning processes. The research approach adopted was quantitative. The sample included 200 lecturers drawn from a population of 600 lecturers consisting of two private and four state universities. Harare was conveniently chosen as it is the capital city of Zimbabwe and has the greatest number of state and private universities. Two questionnaires one on ICT integration and another one on ICT challenges were designed by the researcher and the third one on Work Motivation Questionnaire was adopted from Agrawal (1988) and standardized for the Zimbabwean context. The major challenges associated with slow newlineuptake were analysed and assessed in terms of their impact on the teaching and learning newlineprocesses and the motivation of lecturers was also evaluated together with demographic newlinefeatures to find predictors of successful ICT integration in universities. -
ICT as a driver of women's social and economic empowerment
The role of information and communication technologies as a tool for development has attracted the sustained attention of various agencies worldwide. If the gender dimensions of information and communication technologies-in terms of access and use, capacity-building opportunities, employment, and potential for empowerment-are explicitly identified and addressed, information and communication technologies can be a powerful catalyst for the political and social empowerment of women and the promotion of gender equality. ICT as a Driver of Women's Social and Economic Empowerment contributes to the growing body of literature and present state of knowledge by offering evidence on how new information and communication technologies impact women's economic and social empowerment and overall welfare creation leading to inclusive growth. Covering key topics such as economics, entrepreneurship, digital technologies, and inclusion, this premier reference source is ideal for industry professionals, policymakers, administrators, business owners, managers, researchers, academicians, scholars, practitioners, instructors, and students. 2023 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
IBA Graph Selector Algorithm for Big Data Visualization using Defence Dataset
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Vol.4,Issue 3 pp. 1-5 ISSN No. 2229-5518 -
I-Soil test : Intelligent IOT based soil fertilization test and their solution /
Patent Number: 201941031950, Applicant: Dr. J Suresh.
I-Soil Test• providing the soil condition and their solution for better production , our know this Country the soil test is a perfect method for examining the fertility level of soil and providing some valuable information for farmers to help them keep up with local fertility programs. If you want to grow healthy cash crops and make good money, you first need to figure out the condition of the soil and if it is necessary to manually increase the soil™s fertility -
I Dont Play Games: Migrant Workers and Digital Media in Bengaluru
The great impact of media technologies in reordering almost every facet of modern life has been noted by theorists for over a century now, particularly since the idea of the global village imagined by media theorists, and enabled by globalisation and digital technology has become an inescapable reality. The new experience of time and space bears upon various dimensions of life, including the nature of work, the organisation of time and the place of leisure within these rhythms. This article attempts to engage with this very weighty body of scholarship in a modest way, through ethnographic research, to understand how mobile phones and internet technologies structure the experience of everyday life for low-income migrant workers in Bengaluru. The sites include a construction site and a hookah bar, and the study focuses on mobile gaming and the structuring of migrant social networks. 2024 South Asian University. -
I Can Live Without Banks, but Not Without Banking: Role of Trust on Loyalty and Evangelism
The purpose of this paper is to examine the antecedents of e-banking loyalty and evangelism via threefold construct of WEQUAL (usability, information quality, and service interaction) of public sector banks operating in India. Moreover, it also investigates the mediating role of consumers' trust on the website quality of these banks and their impact on e-banking loyalty and evangelism. The data was collected from 243 respondents through online questionnaire. In order to develop the model and test the hypotheses, partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was done through Smart PLS version 3.2.9. Results assert that website quality of banks positively influences the trust of consumers via usability, information quality, and service interaction. Also, consumer trust plays a mediation role between WEBQUAL constructs and e-banking loyalty and evangelism. 2021 IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
I am lost in that reality, and I'm just playing the game: a qualitative study exploring gaming behaviour and its effect on young adults in India
The current study aims to explore gaming behaviour among young adults in India and its effects on their physical and emotional health, productivity, interactions, and social life. Data were collected from 12 avid gamers through in-depth semi-structured interviews. A thematic analysis was conducted to identify the global theme and organise themes from the data. The global theme was the exploration of contemporary gaming behaviour. The habit theme included the origin of the game, practice, and change over time, while the effects theme focused on the physical and emotional health, productivity, interactions, and social life of young adults who engaged in gaming. The findings suggest that gaming behaviour has become an established habit among young adults in India, significantly affecting various aspects of their lives. The study highlights the need for increased awareness of the potential negative consequences of excessive gaming and emphasises the importance of moderation in gaming. 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Hyperspectral multi-level image thresholding using qutrit genetic algorithm
Hyperspectral images contain rich spectral information about the captured area. Exploiting the vast and redundant information, makes segmentation a difficult task. In this paper, a Qutrit Genetic Algorithm is proposed which exploits qutrit based chromosomes for optimization. Ternary quantum logic based selection and crossover operators are introduced in this paper. A new qutrit based mutation operator is also introduced to bring diversity in the off-springs. In the preprocessing stage two methods, called Interactive Information method and Band Selection Convolutional Neural Network are used for band selection. The modified Otsu Criterion and Masi entropy are employed as the fitness functions to obtain optimum thresholds. A quantum based disaster operation is applied to prevent the quantum population from getting stuck in local optima. The proposed algorithm is applied on the Salinas Dataset, the Pavia Centre Dataset and the Indian Pines dataset for experimental purpose. It is compared with classical Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, Ant Colony Optimization, Gray Wolf Optimizer, Harris Hawk Optimization, Qubit Genetic Algorithm and Qubit Particle Swarm Optimization to establish its effectiveness. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and Sensen-Dice Similarity Index are applied to the thresholded images to determine the segmentation accuracy. The segmented images obtained from the proposed method are also compared with those obtained by two supervised methods, viz., U-Net and Hybrid Spectral Convolutional Neural Network. In addition to this, a statistical superiority test, called the one-way ANOVA test, is also conducted to judge the efficacy of the proposed algorithm. Finally, the proposed algorithm is also tested on various real life images to establish its diversity and efficiency. 2021 Elsevier Ltd -
Hyperspectral Image Classification Using Denoised Stacked Auto Encoder-Based Restricted Boltzmann Machine Classifier
This paper proposes a novel solution using an improved Stacked Auto Encoder (SAE) to deal with the problem of parametric instability associated with the classification of hyperspectral images from an extensive training set. The improved SAE reduces classification errors and discrepancies present within the individual classes. The data augmentation process resolves such constraints, where several images are produced during training by adding noises with various noise levels over an input HSI image. Further, this helps in increasing the difference between multiple classes of a training set. The improved SAE classifies HSI images using the principle of Denoising via Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM). This model ambiguously operates on selected bands through various band selection models. Such pre-processing, i.e., band selection, enables the classifier to eliminate noise from these bands to produce higher accuracy results. The simulation is conducted in PyTorch to validate the proposed deep DSAE-RBM under different noisy environments with various noise levels. The simulation results show that the proposed deep DSAE-RBM achieves a maximal classification rate of 92.62% without noise and 77.47% in the presence of noise. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.