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Phytochemical fingerprinting and evaluation of in silico anti-thrombotic properties of Justicia adhatoda L. and Cordia dichotoma Frost
The study aimed to characterize hydro-methanolic (25%) extracts of Justicia adhatoda L. (stem and flower) and Cordia dichotoma Frost. (Stem and fruit) and evaluate the in silico thrombolytic properties of the major phytocompounds present in the plants. In the preliminary fluorescence imaging through treatment by different reagents, both plants were found to be pharmacologically active. Further qualitative screening of phytochemicals, spectroscopy-based techniques, namely, UV-Vis Spectroscopy and FTIR, revealed various classes of compounds such as polyacetylenes, aglycones, quercetin, anthocyanins, anthraquinones, alkaloids, chalcones and aurones, flavanols, carotenoids, and flavanones. Further, by the application of Thin Layer Chromatography, phenols and flavonoids, namely Catechol, Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Lutein, along with other compounds like Chlorophyll b, Glutamic Acid, and Tryptophan were identified from the extracts. Finally, in the molecular docking study, three compounds, Datiscoside and Robinin of C. dichotoma and Daucosterol of J. adhatoda showed high binding energies (-10.224,-9.547 and-9.262 kcal mol-1 respectively) towards the G-protein coupled thrombotic platelet aggregation receptor P2Y1 when compared to that of the control MRS2500 (-7.148 kcal mol-1). Articles by the authors; Licensee SMTCT, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. -
Phytochemical profiling and evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Ipomoea alba L.
Plant-based medicine has been one of the oldest therapeutic practices in India and continues to offer valuable treatments for various ailments. Ipomoea alba, commonly known as morning glory, belongs to the family Convolvulaceae and is native to the tropical and subtropical regions of North and South America. It is renowned for its large, fragrant, nocturnal blooms, this plant holds significant potential in traditional medicine, particularly for managing gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, and skin conditions. The nutrient content of Ipomoea alba leaves and seeds has demonstrated promising health benefits. This study investigated the phytochemical profile of Ipomoea alba leaves using three solvents: water, methanol, and chloroform. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. HPLC analysis identified the presence of phenols in the aqueous extract, albeit in small quantities. Among the three extracts,the methanolic extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, as determined by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Anti-inflammatory activity, assessed using a proteinase inhibitory assay, demonstrated that the methanolic extract showed the greatest inhibition at lower concentrations compared to the aqueous and chloroform extracts. The results suggest that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Ipomoea alba may hold potential applications in cancer prevention and treatment. Future studies will aim to evaluate its cytotoxic effects, thereby exploring its potential role in cancer therapy. The Author(s). -
Phytochemical screening, GC-MS profiling and in vitro antioxidant activity of leaves of Dysoxylum malabaricum Bedd. ex C. DC.
Plants are a rich source of phytocompounds, have remained an integral part of traditional medicine and serve as alternativesto modern medical treatments. They are powerful sources of antioxidants and the bioactive compounds in plants are associated with a wide range of pharmacological activities. Dysoxylum malabaricum is a species of medium to large-sized trees from the Meliaceae family that is widely found in the Southern Western Ghats and its bark and fruits are used in traditional medicine. Even though it is widely used as ethnomedicinal plant, limited research has been done on its phytochemical constituents, especially the phytocompounds presentin the leaves. Therefore, this study aims to extensively explore and identify the phytocompounds and bioactive elements found in the leaf extracts of D. malabaricum. Extract was prepared from leaves of D. malabaricum using soxhlet extraction method in different solvents (methanol, water and chloroform). Quantitative estimation of phytochemicals and in vitro antioxidant assays were carried out, followed by chemical profiling of the extracts using GC-MS, which revealed the presence of many important secondary bioactive compounds. The methanolic extract showed a higher concentration of phenolics (67.88 0.26 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (57.55 0.23 mg QE/g) when compared to aqueous and chloroform extracts. The methanolic extract also demonstrated remarkable DPPH scavenging (with IC50value 32.45 0.22 g/mL) and ferric reduction activities. The results demonstrate that D. malabaricum is an effective source of bioactive and antioxidant compounds. 2025 Horizon e-Publishing Group. All rights reserved. -
Phytochemical, pharmacological and tissue culture studies of some important species of the genus Barleria L. (Acanthaceae) - a review
Ayurvedic sciences helped the early humans to overcome chronic dangerous diseases. There are thousands of varieties of herbs and medicinal plants used to overcome such dreadful diseases. The genus Barleria L. belongs to family Acanthaceae, a medicinally significant group of plants having diversified phytochemicals used for different pharmacological properties. It has been utilized since ancient times for medicinal purposes. It has many plant secondary metabolites such as terpenes, flavonoids, lignins, alkaloids, particularly the iridoid glycosides. The secondary metabolites extracted from Barleria spp. show potential pharmacological activities viz., anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-fertility, anti-arthritic and anti-ulcer activity. In view of these, present review is focused on the phytochemistry, pharmacology and tissue culture studies of some of the important species of the genus Barleria L. Sudheer & Praveen (2021). -
Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Ceriops tagal (Perr.). C. B. Rob.
Plants have been used for medicines since ancient times as they serve critical needs and are easily accessible. In recent years, various nations have seen a major increase in the use of plant-based treatments, resulting in a significant rise in the global demand for herbal products. This chapter describes Ceriops tagal, a mangrove species with excellent potential for bioactive components and biological activity. The majority of the distinctive secondary metabolites and their analogs reported in this plant are di-, tri-, and tetra-terpenoids (dolabrane, lupane, oleanane, dammarane, and pimarane), phenolics, and steroids from the hypocotyls, roots, and aerial parts. Various studies reported 97 terpenoids and 14 other metabolites. Many biological activities have already been identified from various extracts, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and neurotrophic activities. In this chapter, we explored the biological potential of C. tagal, particularly its anticancer and neuroprotective activities, and it may be valuable for young researchers looking into the potential drug for chemotherapeutic and neurotrophic properties for the treatment and prevention of cancerous and neurological disorders. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Ceriops tagal (Perr.). C. B. Rob.
Plants have been used for medicines since ancient times as they serve critical needs and are easily accessible. In recent years, various nations have seen a major increase in the use of plant-based treatments, resulting in a significant rise in the global demand for herbal products. This chapter describes Ceriops tagal, a mangrove species with excellent potential for bioactive components and biological activity. The majority of the distinctive secondary metabolites and their analogs reported in this plant are di-, tri-, and tetra-terpenoids (dolabrane, lupane, oleanane, dammarane, and pimarane), phenolics, and steroids from the hypocotyls, roots, and aerial parts. Various studies reported 97 terpenoids and 14 other metabolites. Many biological activities have already been identified from various extracts, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and neurotrophic activities. In this chapter, we explored the biological potential of C. tagal, particularly its anticancer and neuroprotective activities, and it may be valuable for young researchers looking into the potential drug for chemotherapeutic and neurotrophic properties for the treatment and prevention of cancerous and neurological disorders. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Flowers of Chrysanthemum
A prominent edible flower in the Asteraceae family, Chrysanthemum morifolium is used extensively in traditional medicine and as a functional food because of its many different bioactive compounds. It has significant pharmacological properties and is abundant in flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, polysaccharides, and derivatives of caffeoylquinic acid. Its neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and larvicidal qualities have all been shown in scientific research. The reduction of oxidative stress and apoptosis in brain cells is associated with its neuroprotective effects, whereas the modulation of antioxidant pathways is associated with its hepatoprotective benefits. Because of its capacity to trigger apoptosis and control the cell cycle in cancer cells, the flower is said to have anticancer properties. It also supports its antidiabetic potential by improving glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties aid in the fight against oxidative stress and associated illnesses. Although moderate consumption is advised, toxicological research indicates that it is generally safe to consume. Processing methods such as formulation, drying, and extraction affect the compounds stability and bioavailability. Through a thorough examination of its phytochemistry, biological activities, safety profile, and processing considerations, this chapter emphasizes C. morifolium as a valuable natural therapeutic and functional food ingredient, highlighting its potential to prevent disease and promote health. 2026 Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy. -
Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Flowers of Clitoria ternatea (Butterfly Pea)
In recent years, many countries have witnessed a significant rise in the adoption of plant-based remedies, leading to a substantial increase in the global demand for herbal resources. This chapter explores Clitoria ternatea, a species with remarkable potential due to its bioactive constituents and diverse biological activities. Most of the unique secondary metabolites and their analogues identified in this plant are anthocyanins, including ternatins, preternatins, cyanidin, and delphinidin, along with phenolic acids, terpenoids, and phytosterols derived from the flowers. Altogether, 32 anthocyanins and 19 additional metabolites have been documented across various studies. Different extracts of C. ternatea have demonstrated a wide range of biological properties, notably antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, and anticancer activities. To support young researchers investigating potential chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment and prevention of cancer and other diseases, this chapter focuses on the biological functions of C. ternatea, with particular emphasis on its anticancer and antidiabetic benefits. 2026 Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy. -
Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Flowers of Hibiscus x rosa-sinensis (Chinese Rose)
The flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., are a flowering shrub of Malvaceae family. The plant is commonly known as a Chinese rose or shoe flower. The plant is distributed in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world and crossing has led to a large number of cultivars with varying patterns in size, shape, and colour. This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the distribution, traditional uses, phytochemical composition, and diverse biological activities associated with the flowers of this ornamental plant. The flowers have played a significant role in various traditions, as a remedy for various ailments and as a source of food. A rich profile of bioactive compounds was observed during phytochemical phytochemical investigations. These bioactive compounds included anthocyanins, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, flavanonols, flavanone, flavones, other phenolic compounds, essential oil, etc. which contributed to the medicinal properties of the flowers. The flower extracts demonstrated various biological activities like Hypolipidemic, Cardioprotective, Hypotensive, Anticancer, Antidiabetic, Cytotoxicity, Antimutagenic, Larvicidal, Anti-inflammatory, Anticonvulsive, Wound Healing, Hepatoprotective, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antifertility, Antispermatogenic, antipyretic among other activities. This chapter bridges ethnopharmacological knowledge with scientific research, showcasing the potential of H. rosa-sinensis flowers in the development of novel therapeutic drugs as well as natural product development. 2026 Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy. -
Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Lumnitzera racemosa Willd.
Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. is a mangrove plant with a broad distribution, spanning from the coastal regions of East Africa to Southeast Asia, New Guinea, and Australia. Various parts of this plant have been traditionally used to treat a wide range of ailments, including infertility, asthma, diabetes, snake bites, and skin conditions, such as herpes, pruritus, scabies, sores, leprosy, and thrush. The therapeutic properties of L. racemosa are believed to be due to its diverse bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, lignans, phenolics, sulfur-containing compounds, tannins, terpenoids, and glycosides. A literature review has identified 101 distinct compounds isolated from this plant, many of which have demonstrated significant biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive effects. In addition to these, extracts from L. racemosa exhibit anti-allergic, anti-angiogenic, anticoagulant, antimalarial, and larvicidal properties. This review highlights the traditional uses of the plant, the bioactive compounds isolated from it, and their pharmacological properties. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Phytochemicals as potential drug candidates for targeting SARS CoV 2 proteins, an in silico study
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member of the family Coronaviridae, and the world is currently witnessing a global pandemic outbreak of this viral disease called COVID-19. With no specific treatment regime, this disease is now a serious threat to humanity and claiming several lives daily. In this work, we selected 24 phytochemicals for an in silico docking study as candidate drugs, targeting four essential proteins of SARS-CoV-2 namely Spike glycoprotein (PDB id 5WRG), Nsp9 RNA binding protein (PDB id 6W4B), Main Protease (PDB id 6Y84), and RNA dependent RNA Polymerase (PDB id 6M71). After statistical validation, the results indicated that a total of 11 phytochemicals divided into two clusters might be used as potential drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2. 2021, Indian Virological Society. -
Phytochemicals as weapons against drug resistance
Phytochemicals are plant-based products with high medicinal value. These metabolites effectively target disease-causing microbes. Drug-resistant pathogens have developed mechanisms to sustain themselves even with inhibitors. Drug resistance has emerged as a global giant, causing all available treatment options to fail. The solution to this problem is in the phytochemicals of plants with antibacterial and drug resistance modulation properties. Phytochemicals might be able to get rid of efflux pumps, drug-modulating enzymes, resistance genes, quorum sensing, and biofilm, all of which cause pathogens to be resistant to drugs. Moreover, anti-obesogenic and cardioprotective properties are also observed in phytochemicals. Additionally, studies show the success of phytochemical-based nanoparticles in drug resistance regulation. This review emphasizes phytochemicals' different mechanisms of action and their derivatives in curbing drug-resistant pathogens and cancer cells. 2023 The Author(s) -
Phytochemicals for neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation: medicine of the future or a mirage?
Dietary polyphenols cease to be mere nutrients but have immense health enhancing and disease modifying effects. Phytochemical-based therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases are becoming increasingly popular. This may be attributed to the lack of long-term benefits or adverse effects of current pharmacotherapy. Polyphenols target multiple pathways and their long-term use could prove beneficial for diseases involving multiple etiological factors. While polyphenols are nontoxic and oral route is the preferred mode of administration, bioavailability in the brain is limited rendering the neuroprotective efficacy questionable. Methods employing synthetic biopolymers, nanoformulations, liposomal carriers, or conjugation have been explored to enhance the bioavailability. While results have been promising in experimental models, translation to human neurodegenerative conditions is limited. It can therefore be surmised that the present knowledge on dietary polyphenols is only the tip of the iceberg and extensive translational research is warranted to fill the gap for their therapeutic use. 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Phytochemicals in Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Contributing to Growth and Disease Resistance in Goldfish (Carassius auratus Linn. 1758): Integration of Molecular Docking and Statistical Analyses
The ornamental fish industry has experienced significant growth with species like goldfish (Carassius auratus) gaining popularity for their vibrant appearance and ease of care. However, bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Aeromonas hydrophila, pose a significant threat to fish health and market value. In this study, visibly diseased goldfish exhibiting symptoms such as fin rot, black spots, tail rotting and skin lesions were divided into control and treated groups. The treated group was fed lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)-coated pellets, while the control group received standard feed. Over a three-week trial, visual improvements, including the healing of fin rot were documented, demonstrating the effectiveness of lemongrass-enhanced feed in promoting recovery and growth. GC-MS analysis of fresh lemongrass leaves identified key bioactive compounds, including citral, tetra decanoic acid, trans-verbenol and 1-undecanol, known for their antimicrobial properties. These findings confirmed the presence of phytochemicals with potential therapeutic applications against bacterial infections. Molecular docking studies further evaluated the interactions of prominent lemongrass phytochemicals: Procyanidin B2, Diosmin, Catechin and Tricin, with A. hydrophila outer membrane protein (3OD9). The results demonstrated strong binding affinities with Procyanidin B2 showing the highest (-8.0 kcal/mol), followed by Diosmin (-7.8 kcal/mol), Catechin (-7.6 kcal/mol) and Tricin (-7.6 kcal/mol), indicating their potential to inhibit bacterial pathogenicity. This study highlights the dual role of lemongrass as a natural growth promoter and antibacterial agent, emphasizing its potential as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture. By effectively managing bacterial infections and improving fish health, lemongrass offers a promising solution for enhancing sustainability in aquaculture. 2026, World Researchers Associations. All rights reserved. -
Phytochemicals of Nardostachys jatamansi as potential inhibitors of HCV E2 receptor: An in silico study
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the causative agent of acute and chronic hepatitis and can lead to liver cirrhosis. High variability in the HCV genome renders vaccine formulation strenuous. Modern pharmaceuticals rely heavily on plant-based compounds for drug production. This study focuses on in-silico screening of phytochemicals derived from an herbal plant, Nardostachys jatamansi, for the treatment of HCV by inhibiting its E2 receptor, which binds to the hepatocytes, enabling viral entry into the liver. Computer-aided drug design utilizes various tools such as molecular docking tools, including AutoDock Vina, Avogadro, PyMol, Discovery Studio Visualizer, LigPlot+, and online tools like SwissADME (Absorption, Delivery, Metabolism and Excretion) for analysis of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of phytochemicals. Toxicity studies were carried out using pkCSM. 25 bioactive phytochemicals of N. jatamansi were analysed. The analysis was validated by comparing the data of the phytochemicals with an established antiviral drug, ribavirin. This is a novel approach to docking studies, exploring the possibility of medicinal plants as anti-hepatic drugs. Of the 25 compounds, nardosatachysin and ?-gurjunene are the standout performers and are considered potent inhibitors of HCV E2 receptor. The two compounds are recommended for further in vivo and in vitro trials to assess their efficacy in treating HCV infection. 2024 Lalrintluanga Hnamte, et al. -
Phytochemistry and antigenotoxic properties of six ethnobotanically important members from the family Zingiberaceae
Genotoxicity is considered as a potential cause of various diseases including cancer. During the last decade, herbal extracts attained a great deal of attention due to its safe and effective applications against various DNA damaging agents. However, the mechanism of DNA strand breaks by various mutagens and genotoxins is often correlated with the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Herbal extracts constitute a number of phytochemicals and those are reported to have considerable antioxidant properties, which are in turn capable of neutralizing ROS mediated DNA damage. The botanical family Zingiberaceae is reported to have significant antioxidant and antigenotoxic potential by various researchers. Among a number of species belonging to this family, six species, namely Alpinia galanga, A. zerumbet, Curcuma amada, C. caesia, Zingiber officinale, and Z. zerumbet, attract notable attention due to their remarkable ethnobotanical and medicinal importance. This chapter deals with phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and antigenotoxic properties of these six Zingiberaceous plant extracts. 2020 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Coriandrum sativum L.
Coriandrum sativum L. is a pharmaceutically significant herb that is used for culinary purposes and in herbal formulations. It is an annual herb from the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) with unique taxonomic characters. Generally called Dhania or kutumbari, it is cultivated worldwide for its distinct flavors and medicinal properties. Coriander is a rich reservoir of nutrients and significant biochemicals. The phenomenal healing properties of coriander can be attributed to the phytochemicals present in essential oils produced in various parts of the plants, such as leaves, flowers, fruit, and seed. The essential oils are rich in biochemicals like Linalool, (E)-2-decenal, 2-Decenoic acid, camphor, etc. These biomolecules altogether contribute to many pharmacological activities like analgesic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, anthelmintic, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-mutagenic, antioxidant, anxiolytic, diuretic, hypnotic activity. There are many scientifically proven reports to suggest its importance for usage. The present chapter summarizes the nutrition, biochemicals, and the scientifically proven pharmacological activities of Coriandrum sativum L as well as its cultivation and processing. 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. -
Phytocompounds from Zingiber zerumbet can inhibit the DNA ligase activity of the pathogen Haemophilus influenza, an in silico approach /
Journal of Emerging Technologies And Innovative, Vol.6, Issue 2, pp.646-650, ISSN No: 2349-5162. -
Phytoextract-mediated synthesis of Cu doped NiO nanoparticle using cullon tomentosum plant extract with efficient antibacterial and anticancer property
In the present study, nickel oxide (NiO) and copper-doped nickel oxide (NiCuO) nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized using Cullen tomentosum plant extract with the co-precipitation method. This work focuses on the Phyto-mediated synthesis and characterization of NPs for their biological applications. Phytochemicals that exist in the plant extract acts as reducing and capping agent. The successful formation of the NPs was validated by various analysis as XRD, FESEM, EDAX, FT-IR, UVVis, and Photoluminescence. According to XRD studies, the average crystallite size of NiO and NiCuO NPs is 36 nm and 31 nm, respectively. The river stone and nanoflower like morphology for NiO and NiCuO NPs are confirmed by FESEM image. Furthermore, the synthesized NPs were tested against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae) and Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli) bacteria, which showed enhanced antibacterial activity of NiCuO NPs. The cytotoxicity of NPs was investigated against human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and fibroblast L929 cell lines. Also, the IC50 value for human breast cancer cells is 11.8 ?g/mL. According to these findings, NiCuO NPs are potential nanomaterials with advanced healthcare uses. 2023 -
Phytofabricated bimetallic synthesis of silver-copper nanoparticles using Aerva lanata extract to evaluate their potential cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities
In this study, we demonstrate the green synthesis of bimetallic silver-copper nanoparticles (AgCu NPs) using Aerva lanata plant extract. These NPs possess diverse biological properties, including in vitro antioxidant, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activities. The synthesis involves the reduction of silver nitrate and copper oxide salts mediated by the plant extract, resulting in the formation of crystalline AgCu NPs with a face-centered cubic structure. Characterization techniques confirm the presence of functional groups from the plant extract, acting as stabilizing and reducing agents. The synthesized NPs exhibit uniform-sized spherical morphology ranging from 7 to 12nm. They demonstrate significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, inhibiting extracellular polysaccharide secretion in a dose-dependent manner. The AgCu NPs also exhibit potent cytotoxic activity against cancerous HeLa cell lines, with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 17.63gmL?1. Additionally, they demonstrate strong antioxidant potential, including reducing capability and H2O2 radical scavenging activity, particularly at high concentrations (240gmL?1). Overall, these results emphasize the potential of A. lanata plant metabolite-driven NPs as effective agents against infectious diseases and cancer. 2024, The Author(s).