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Chromatic completion number
The well known concept of proper vertex colouring of a graph is used to introduce the construction of a chromatic completion graph and determining its related parameter, the chromatic completion number of a graph. The chromatic completion numbers of certain classes of cycle derivative graphs and helm graphs are then presented. Finally, we discuss further problems for research related to this concept. 2020 the author(s). -
Chromatic bounds of some (P5, banner)-free graphs
Let ?(G) and ?(G), respectively, denote the chromatic number and clique number of a graph G. A P5 is a path on five vertices, a banner (paw) is the graph obtained by joining a new vertex to a single vertex of C4 (C3) and a hammer is obtained by subdividing the pendant edge of a paw exactly once. Recently, (P5,banner)-free graphs have received wide attention. In 2019, Karthick, Maffray and Pastor, gave a structural characterisation of (P5,banner)-free graphs, which when combined with a result by Bourneuf and Thomass[Bounded twin-width graphs are polynomially ?-bounded, Adv. Comb. (2025)] implies that for a (P5,banner)-free graph G, ?(G) ? ?(G)5. Geir [Colourings of P5-Free Graphs, PhD Thesis, Technische Universit at Bergakademie Freiberg (2022)] showed that the ?-binding function of the class of (P5,banner)-free graphs is bounded by the ?-binding function of 3K1-free graphs. By a result of Kim [The Ramsey number R(3,t) has order of magnitude t2/log t, Random Structures and Algorithms 7(3) (1995) 173207], the chromatic number ?(G) of a 3K1-free graph G has order of magnitude ?(?(G)2/log ?(G)). Recently, Song and Xu [Divisibility and coloring of some P5-free graphs, Discrete Appl. Math. 348 (2024) 144151] proved that every (P5, C5, banner, hammer)-free graph G is ?(G)3/2-colorable. This motivates us to study the subclasses of (P5, banner)-free graphs. We prove that for any (P5, banner, F ? K1)-free graph G where F ?{C4,K4 ? e,K3 ? K1,paw}, ?(G) ? ?(G)2/2 for ?(G) ? 3. Moreover, the bound is tight for ?(G) = 3. 2026 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
Cholesterol reduction and heavy metal assimilation characteristics of Pediococcus pentosaceus strains isolated from pickle and moor-kuzhambu
Aims: Consumption of fermented foods are known to provide various health benefits. The present study was aimed to isolate novel potent probiotic strains from the homemade fermented Indian recipe Moor Kuzhambu and Pickle and its characterization to elucidate the efficacy of isolate in cholesterol and heavy metal reduction. Methodology and results: Cultures isolated from Pickle (CK2) and Moor Kuzhambu (CK3) were identified as different strains of Pediococcus pentosaceus using the 16S rDNA sequence-based bacterial identification method. The study analysed the survival of probiotic strains under the influence of various chemical and natural stimulants. The isolated strains exhibited tolerance to gastric juice and were able to exhibit a broad range of tolerance to varying temperatures, pH, NaCl, solvent, phenol, trypsin and artificial gastric juice. Microencapsulation studies were conducted using alginate and chitosan to increase the shelf life of the isolated probiotic. Preliminary analysis regarding cell surface studies such as autoaggregation, co-aggregations and cell surface hydrophobicity determined the ability of the strains to aggregate on to intestinal cell surface and manifest competitive pathogen displacement. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Remarkable biofilm reduction of 48% to 80% was observed in the probiotic-supplemented samples. Similarly, a reduction of 80% to 85% free cholesterol was noted in cholesterol assimilation assays and heavy metal (Cu+, Pb+, Zn+ and Fe+) assimilation ability was observed. Further studies are required to characterize the nature of the secretory products and their mode of action in the survival and immune enhancement in animal models. 2023, Malaysian Journal of Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. -
Chloroform fraction of Chaetomorpha brachygona, a marine green alga from Indian Sundarbans inducing autophagy in cervical cancer cells in vitro
Sundarbans Mangrove Ecosystem (SME) is a rich repository of bioactive natural compounds, with immense nutraceutical and therapeutic potential. Till date, the algal population of SME was not explored fully for their anticancer activities. Our aim is to explore the potential of these algal phytochemicals against the proliferation of cervical cancer cells (in vitro) and identify the mode of cell death induced in them. In the present work, the chloroform fraction of marine green alga, Chaetomorpha brachygona was used on SiHa cell line. The algal phytochemicals were identified by GCMS, LCMS and column chromatography and some of the identified compounds, known for significant anticancer activities, have shown strong Bcl-2 binding capacity, as analyzed through molecular docking study. The extract showed cytostatic and cytotoxic activity on SiHa cells. Absence of fragmented DNA, and presence of increased number of acidic vacuoles in the treated cells indicate nonapoptotic cell death. The mode of cell death was likely to be autophagic, as indicated by the enhanced expression of Beclin 1 and LC3BII (considered as autophagic markers) observed by Western blotting. The study indicates that, C. brachygona can successfully inhibit the proliferation of cervical cancer cells in vitro. 2020, The Author(s). -
Chlorin e6 decorated doxorubicin encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles for photo-controlled cancer drug delivery
In the study we have reported the physico-chemical, photophysical and morphological properties of chlorin e6 (Ce6) decorated doxorubicin (DOX) encapsulated chitosan (CS)-tripolyphosphate (TPP) nanoparticles which prepared by ionotropic gelation method. The Ce6 physically loaded onto the nanoparticles by self-assembly of CS with TPP-DOX under aqueous conditions. The results from DLS studies highlights the prepared nanoparticles that possess the size in the range of 80120 nm. with negatively charged of ?6 mV. The SEM and AFM images showed 80120 nm size while the average size of the Ce6 decorated nanoparticles was found to be around 100130 nm. The absorption spectra of Ce6 decorated nanoparticles are similar when compared to free Ce6 which suggest there is no change in the Ce6 chromophore upon decoration. This nanoparticle showed high photostability and singlet oxygen generation (SOG). The Ce6 decorated and DOX encapsulated nanoparticles sizes and charges are in the range of 90130 nm and ?30 mV respectively. The nanoparticles showed high encapsulation efficiency towards DOX as well as pH controlled release. This has significant anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells after irradiation at near infra-red (NIR) ranges were evaluated. This could have potential applications in photo-controlled smart DOX delivery system for cancer treatment. 2019 Elsevier B.V. -
Chlorella vulgaris-mediated sustainable biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles for wastewater remediation and antibacterial applications
This investigation examines the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) using Chlorella vulgaris as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Algae-mediated SNPs (ASNPs) were tested for the potential application in sewage water remediation and as an antibacterial agent. Biogenic ASNPs demonstrated excellent stability and a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 440 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) spectroscopy analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy investigation indicated the role of biomolecules originating from the algal extract, which play a crucial role in the green synthesis process of ASNPs. Dynamic light scattering analysis yielded a hydrodynamic mean particle size of 200 nm and a zeta potential of around 18 mV. Observation under electron microscopy presented the morphological diversity with a prominent signature of elemental silver in ASNPs. A domestic waste sewage sample collected from a sewage treatment plant presented elevated levels of alkalinity, salinity, and biological oxygen demand (BOD). ASNP treatment normalises most of the water parameters, while algal extract alone could produce minimal effects. The antibacterial evaluations against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, well-known opportunistic pathogens responsible for a wide range of hospital and community-acquired infections, showed dose-dependent effects. These findings highlight the dual functional role of C. vulgaris-mediated SNPs as an effective, eco-friendly solution for both wastewater remediation and antibacterial application. 2025 Elsevier Ltd -
Chitosan stabilized platinum nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic impacts on human breast cancer cells
Platinum nanoparticles are widely studied as a nanomedicine against many of the solid tumours. Due to their promising physicochemical properties, chitosan-stabilized platinum nanoparticles may exhibit exceptional cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. This article describes the synthesis and characterization of chitosan-stabilized platinum nanoparticles (Ch-Pt NPs) through a wet chemical method and in vitro studies of their anticancer effect on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cell line). Different analytical methods confirmed the formation of chitosan-stabilized platinum nanoparticles. The structural and surface morphological analyses were done using XRD, FTIR, TEM, FESEM, etc. Elemental analysis was done using XPS and EDX. The hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential were determined using DLS and zeta analyzer. These platinum nanoparticles have a spherical shape and FCC structure with an average particle size of 3.4 nm and an average hydrodynamic diameter of 248 nm. The characteristic FTIR peaks of chitosan in the sample confirmed the capping of chitosan on the surface of the Pt NPs. The surface charge estimation using a zeta potential analyzer showed ?23.8 mV, elucidating the stability and dispersity of the as-synthesized Pt NPs. The in vitro cytotoxicity study using MTT assay revealed a non-toxic behaviour on normal L929 cell lines and a severe anti-proliferative activity on a human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line with an IC50 value of 35.60 ?g/ml after 24 h of incubation. This result indicates a better anticancer therapeutic application against human breast cancer cells for the as-synthesized chitosan-stabilized platinum nanoparticles. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Chitosan stabilized platinum nanoparticles: In vitro and in vivo screening for analgesic and anti-inflammatory applications
In this interdisciplinary research work, the chitosan stabilized platinum nanoparticles are synthesized through the wet chemical method, and the structural, surface morphological, and optical characterizations are done using X-ray crystallography, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, etc. The samples were tested in in vitro trials namely egg albumin denaturation assay and DPPH radical scavenging assays and showed significantly lower effective concentrations (EC50) such as 5.44 ?g/ml and 8.068 ?g/ml respectively. The in vitro experiments were followed by in vivo animal model for analgesic and anti-inflammatory behaviour at two doses of 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg utilizing the hot plate method and the carrageenan-induced paw edema model respectively. The in vivo hot plate model for analgesic effect demonstrated that the chitosan stabilized platinum nanoparticles perform exceptionally well and show >90 % analgesia (p < 0.01) by extending the reaction time in the hot plate methodindicating better analgesia. Carrageenan-induced paw edema model demonstrated the exceptional anti-inflammatory ability of chitosan-stabilized platinum nanoparticles. Despite being given at a comparatively lower dosage, chitosan stabilized platinum nanoparticles showed a considerable decrease in paw volume (4045 % edema inhibition) by the third hour of the anti-inflammatory experimentation (p < 0.01) outperforming the standard drug aspirin given at 100 mg/kg. 2025 Elsevier B.V. -
Chitosan Coated-Liposomal Microencapsulation of Fucoidan Extracted from Marine Sargassum wightii: Assessment of Its Biofunctional and Therapeutic Properties
Fucoidan, a sulphated polysaccharide derived from Sargassum wightii, holds significant therapeutic potential due to its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties. Despite its therapeutic properties, its clinical efficacy is limited by poor bioavailability and instability. This study reports the successful encapsulation of fucoidan in liposomes employing the thin-film hydration technique, followed by chitosan coating to enhance its stability and biological activity. Structural integrity and successful encapsulation were confirmed through FTIR and UVVis spectroscopy. Antioxidant activity assessed via DPPH and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays demonstrated concentration-dependent radical scavenging, with chitosan-coated formulations exhibiting superior efficacy. The formulation was reported to exhibit strong antioxidant potential, as indicated by DPPH (38.65% at 500?g/ml) and H?O? (40.707% at 400 ?g/ml). Antimicrobial testing revealed notable activity against the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, but not against the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, suggesting a narrow-spectrum antibacterial potential. The antimicrobial assays conducted reported a zone of inhibition of 11.4mm for a concentration of 2mg/ml. Furthermore, scratch wound assays and MTT-based cytotoxicity analysis on L929 fibroblast cells indicated promising wound-healing activity, with a wound closure of 92.72% observed 72h after treatment with the sample. The IC?? value of 100?g/ml was also reported to have high cell viability of 84.22%. These findings underscore the potential of chitosan-coated liposomal fucoidan as a multifunctional bioactive system for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2026. -
Chitosan coated multifunctional NiFe?O? nanocomposites as a promising candidate for biomedical applications
Nanoparticles for biomedical applications often suffer from limited stability, low biocompatibility, and suboptimal therapeutic efficacy. To address these challenges, NiFe?O? nanoparticles were functionalized with chitosan (NiFe?O?-CS) via a co-precipitation method, aiming to enhance their structural, optical, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. XRD analysis revealed a reduction in crystallite size from 37 to 33nm after chitosan modification, indicating controlled crystal growth and increased surface area. TEM results confirmed a corresponding decrease in particle size from 35 2.1nm to 29 1.8nm, improving surface reactivity and stability. PL spectra exhibited a red-shift in green emission peaks, suggesting increased oxygen vacancies and defect states that facilitate ROS generation. Antimicrobial assays against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Candida albicans (C.albicans) demonstrated significantly higher activity for NiFe?O?-CS nanocomposites, supported by SEM imaging that showed extensive microbial membrane disruption. Furthermore, NiFe?O?-CS exhibited enhanced anticancer activity against C6 glioma cells, with an IC?? of 35.6g/mL compared to 43.6g/mL for unmodified nanoparticles. Zebrafish embryo studies confirmed the biocompatibility of NiFe?O?-CS at appropriate doses, although dose-dependent embryotoxicity was observed. These findings highlight that chitosan functionalization of dual-metal nanoparticles improves therapeutic efficacy through increased surface interactions and ROS generation while underscoring the need for careful dose optimization. This study presents a novel strategy for designing biopolymer-coated nanocomposites that balance enhanced biomedical performance with safety considerations. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026. -
Chitosan and L-histidine coated biofunctional TiO? composite with enhanced ROS-mediated antimicrobial and anticancer efficacy for biomedical applications
Societies continue to face the urgent challenge of developing effective, safe, and stable nanoparticles with promising biomedical applications. Herein, the present study synthesis chitosan and L-Histidine dually coated titanium dioxide (TiCSLH) nanocomposite (NC) by chemical co-precipitation method. The antimicrobial performance of TiO? nanoparticles is closely linked to their physicochemical properties, such as reduced particle size, increased bandgap, and the presence of oxygen vacancies, all of which collectively enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibit microbial growth. Structural analyses using XRD and TEM confirmed that TiCSLH nanoparticles possess an anatase phase and a spherical morphology. Compared to TiO?, TiCSLH nanoparticles demonstrated significantly enhanced antimicrobial activity against MRSA, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans strains, as evidenced by larger zones of inhibition from 2324mm. This enhanced efficacy is attributed to their smaller particle size (~ 26 3nm), wider bandgap (3.34eV), and prominent oxygen vacancy-related emissions at 518 and 531nm, which facilitate increased ROS production, resulting in cellular membrane disruption and microbial death. Furthermore, compared to TiO2, TiCSLH exhibited notable anticancer potential against breast cancer cells, with an IC?? of 10?g/mL, while maintaining excellent biocompatibility, as evidenced by its non-toxic response toward L929 fibroblast cells, which showed 83.5% cell viability. Collectively, these findings underscore the potential of TiCSLH nanoparticles for diverse biomedical applications. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
ChIPSeq Analysis with Bayesian Machine Learning
ChIP-sequencing, otherwise called ChIP-seq, is a technique used to identify protein co-operations with DNA. A crucial advancement to the field of bio-informatics, ChIP sequencing is conducted in research labs around the world to get a better understanding of the way transcription factors and other associated proteins influence the gene in many biological processes and in tackling disease states. ChIP-seq is predominantly a field under the domain of biotechnology, however recent advancements and development of tools to process ChIP data have turned the study into one involving bio-informatics, allowing computer scientists and lab technicians to work on an otherwise scholarly field of biochemistry, molecular biology, microbiology and biomedicine. This report illustrates the predominant work-flow undertaken to sequence chromatin from a cell and to gain insights on the gene/protein of interest. Another aspect added is to use Machine Learning with Bayesian statistical techniques for Peak Calling. The different stages enumerated in this paper have been completed either with the R language or on a Web Server titled Galaxy.org. 2019 IEEE. -
Chinese maritime relations with Malabar Coast, 12001500 AD: A quest for naval dominance
China has had a long history of maritime expedition. Its Indian Ocean connectivity, long before European explorers arrived at the Malabar Coast, had made significant impact on the maritime trade in the Indian Ocean region. Chinas expedition to the Southern Asia was aimed to expand the benevolence of Chinese emperor and to establish its suzerainty in maritime trade rather than to establish the permanent position on land. The political dynamics at home caused the rise and fall of the maritime might of China. The famous explorer, Zheng Hes expeditions represented Chinas ambition to expand its control over the Indian Ocean regions. The Malabar Coast with its geographical advantages had developed maritime activities enhancing its commercial fortunes. China had to accept the strength of Malabar kingdoms in terms of political power, trade and commercial advantages. Importantly, Malabar kingdoms did not accept the Chinese assertions of supremacy but engaged with the Chinese on equal terms. An attempt is made here to trace Chinas maritime strategy to expand their power beyond the immediate periphery and establish its supremacy in the Indian Ocean. 2019, 2019 National Maritime Foundation. -
Children's Well-Being in Traditional Vs. Montessori Schools. A test of Self-Determination Theory
The present study is a test of Self -Determination theory, which is well established in the field of education with a huge body of empirical evidence to support its assumptions that when the three universal psychological needs (Autonomy, Competence & Relatedness) of a child are met they will grow and function optimally leading to enhanced well-being. It is evident that Montessori philosophy is overlapping with the components of SDT. This study was conducted to examine the extent to which the three psychological needs are satisfied in Montessori schools in comparison to the Traditional schools. A purposive sample size of 80 children in elementary grades was selected from both Montessori and Traditional schools. Perceived support experienced by the children and their Well-Being was determined to establish the assumption of the SDT. The results showed that children in Montessori schools experienced greater satisfaction of needs when compared to traditional school children. However, the well-being of children from both school types didn???t vary much and the causes can be attributed to factors outside classroom. These findings have some strong implications for policy makers, educators and parents. -
Children Witnessing Violence in India: Nature, Risk Factors, Impact and Prevention Strategies
Children witness various degrees and intensities of violations and violence along with a hoard of environmental stressors. Such a spectrum of violence includes disturbing family environments, witnessing adults, including parents and family members, indulge in violence and abusive behaviours and direct or vicarious exposure to violence outside the home. The chapter aims to provide an overview of the nature and impact of witnessing violence. The frequency, type, intensity and the child's relationship with the people involved or impacted by the violence can determine the impact on a child's mental health and development. Children may witness distressing events in their daily lives like the loss of a loved one or watching adults take up challenging tasks, which may help them be resilient and learn coping skills with appropriate support. Long-term exposure to witnessing violence and trauma can lead to severe emotional and developmental difficulties. Such direct or vicarious exposure to varying degrees of violence may cultivate a culture of fear, repression and silence around the children. These difficulties may be similar to those of children who are direct victims of abuse. Witnessing violence has also been linked to anxiety and depression. Children growing up in such environments are at higher risk of normalizing violence and growing into abusive adults. Poverty, cultural factors, parenting, schooling, and policies can largely determine such risks for children. The paper discusses the preventive and promotive approaches at the school, family and community levels. Education and empowerment of adults in the child's environment can be the best preventative approach. Existing policies and programmes in India for children need to bring in more robust initiatives to identify, report, prevent and protect children witnessing violence. The needs and concerns of children witnessing violence and prevention approaches should be part of courses in helping professionals training and curriculum. The chapter calls for the necessity of individual and community-based interventions in terms of need-based models for addressing the mental health needs of children. The chapter strongly recommends the need for addressing mental health education for families and schools. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
CHILDREN INFLUENCE ON FAMILY PURCHASE DECISION
There are various aspects of the children influence on family purchase decision and it depends on a lot of parameters and situations. The children exercise various methods to influence parent??s decision. The children influence varies from products to products. It also depends on parent??s education, profession, income, single parent working or both parent working, number of working hours per week and type of family. The pocket money also contributes in the children??s influence. This research considers the children in the age group of 8-12. The Descriptive statistics is used to summarize variables in terms of central tendency and measure of dispersion. The Reliability test has been done using Cronbach??s alpha. Pearson??s Product correlation, one way ANOVA, Two-way ANOVA has been done using SPSS for Windows (version 18.0). The Linear regression is used to prove the causality between Independent variables on Dependent variable. The strategy adopted by children is mostly persuasive. The children??s influence is maximum for products bicycle, Ice Creams/chocolates/Juice and CDs/DVDs. There are few products like CDs/DVDs, video games and hobby activities which are used by the whole family and still children influence is higher than their parents on family purchase decision. It is the unanimous opinion from both parents and children that the children influence depend on profession as well as on the products. The ANOVA analysis on parent??s perception on children influence indicates that parent??s income impacts the children??s influence. The ANOVA analysis on parent??s perception on children influence indicates that parent??s working hour impacts the children??s influence. The relation between children influence and How many hours a week do you work average, Total Family Income and Amount you get from your parent on spending is linear. The pocket money, children get, is having highest impact on children influence. The second most influential parameter is the number of hours the parents work per week. -
Child sexual abuse prevention involving mothers: A Quasi-experimental study with Protection Motivation Theory-based intervention
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a worldwide problem. The safety of children is everybody's responsibility. Parental and family involvement is crucial in the CSA prevention process. Parental lack of knowledge may increase the risk of abuse among children. Educating parents is crucial as children are mostly dependent on them. The role of mothers in educating children on CSA is of relevance as they are identified as more sensitive and responsible caregivers. The present study aimed to promote knowledge and attitude towards CSA prevention among mothers through a psychoeducation program. A pre- and posttest design (n = 67) was used with an intervention based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). A CSA knowledge and attitude scale was developed for the assessment of the participants for the study. There were significant changes in knowledge and attitude among the participants after the intervention. The prevention of CSA will be effective with knowledge gains after the PMT-based intervention. The intervention programs that involve mothers in CSA education have benefits. The findings of this study can be helpful to incorporate public health approaches to devise evidence-based parental programs in community settings. 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. -
Child safety gadget with home security
The Child Safety Gadget Home Security System introduces the initial five iterations of a technologically advanced system that addresses child safety and home security concerns by integrating innovative subsystems. We started with a primary password and incremented towards advanced functionality like a camera for visual verification, a lock mechanism for entry security, and finally, app integration. Finally, we extend the system with additional capabilities to fully implement security solutions based on features like an OLED display and sensors. The concealed pseudo-passcode alert system, which wrists parents up in emergencies to respond quickly, is central to our system. Our framework prioritizes cost-effectiveness, simplicity of scalability, and use effectiveness to provide an affordable solution that can protect children's safety while increasing the efficiency of intelligent sensor networks in home environments. 2026 selection and editorial matter, Dr. Poonam Nandal, Dr. Mamta Dahiya, Dr. Meeta Singh, Dr. Arvind Dagur, Dr. Brijesh Kumar. All rights reserved. -
Child mental health: The role of different attributional styles
Background: High prevalence of mental health issues in the twenty-first century accounts for a lion share in the worldwide burden of disease. There is an alarming decrease in the onset of half of the mental health problems. Hence, it is necessary to explore the current situation and figure out the causes and preventive measures as well as the appropriate mental health enhancement measures. Individual characteristics, such as thinking patterns and perception, have an impact on the mental health. Attributional style is one source of cognitive vulnerability which influences mental health disorders. Therefore, the present study examines whether there are any variations in the mental health of children with different attributional styles. Methods: The current research adopted a cross-sectional research design and selected 150 school going students [74 males and 76 females] between 10-13 years of age as participants. The Child Attributional Style Questionnaire [CASQ], Satisfaction with Life Scale-Children [SWLS-C], Brief Resilience Scale, and Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale [RCADS] are used to gather information. Results: The results indicated that children with a pessimistic attributional style experienced more depression and generalized anxiety than children with other two attributional styles. In terms of gender differences in mental health, female students with pessimistic attributional style significantly differed from their counterparts on depression [?2 [2] = 10.131, p = 0.006] and separation anxiety [?2 [2] = 6.456, p = 0.040]. Conclusion: Attributional style seems to have a significant role in depression and anxiety in female children. Although male children did not show any statistically significant results, they were more likely to be pessimistic in terms of their attributional style, which makes them vulnerable to mental health issues. 2020, Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health. All rights reserved. -
Child Mental Health in the Milieu of Online Education
The aim of this chapter is to examine the impact of online education on mental health of children, and explore methods to improve the same. With the advent of COVID-19 pandemic, major overhauls were made in day-to-day life including work, home, and education. Shift to online mode of instruction became the primary, if not the only, channel of education. This drastic shift has led to issues like limited social interaction, learning gaps due to insufficient in-person interaction, excessive screen time on devices, and decreased physical activity, which can impact mental health of children. This chapter will explore the impact of online learning on the mental health of children from both mental ill-health and well-being perspectives, the role of parents, teachers, and educational systems, and challenges and opportunities presented by the situation. Further to this, the ways to safeguard and improve mental health of children in the milieu of online education will be discussed. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.