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Configuration of Streamlines of a Rotating Fluid Flows with Variable Viscosity
Volume 2, issue 8, ISSN 23938374 -
Conflict and Coexistence of Human Rights: An Exploratory Study with Reference to Intellectual Property Rights
Human rights and Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) have developed independently. Human rights are inalienable rights associated with human dignity while IPRs are the rights with the goal of promoting innovations and the interests of select communities to further economic and technological growth. The economic and personal interests of the individual have received prime attention under the international intellectual property law. Economic growth is given priority over human rights in the international criteria for IPRs in global trade. Whereas, it has a significant impact on the implementation of human rights for both individuals and communities, including the rights to adequate food, health, environment, and education. IPRs are gravely at odds with human rights, even though a connection between the two rights can be found in General Comment No. 17 on Article 15(1)(c) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). According to the UDHR, intellectual property is a human right in and of itself, but its enforcement often infringes other human rights. In light of the above perspective, the authors explore the interrelationship between IPRs and human rights and also analyze the evolving IPRs, in different fields of its application, causing adversarial impacts on several other human rights. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Congestion management approaches in deregulated power system an illustrative approach
In deregulated power system with competitive electricity market environment, the provision of strategic bidding option to the market participants and its consequences are open up new challenging tasks to the system operator. The market economic efficiency is mainly dependent on transmission system support. The inability of transmission system support to drive market cleared schedule is known as congestion and which is not desirable. The remedial actions to relieve congestion in the transmission system known as congestion relief approaches and are differ in various markets around the world. The objective of this paper is to illustrate some of the technical and non-technical approaches using simple case studies. 2016 SERSC. -
Connect among employee engagement and three key of organisational commitment level - An empirical exploration AMID techs
The main objective of this paper is to gravely examine the link between employee engagement level and affective, continuance and normative commitment level in information technology (IT) organisations in Bangalore city. In primary data, responses are collected through well framed questionnaires and direct interaction with the employees to selected sample of 550 respondents of 10 Information Technology organisations in Bangalore city. The result revealed that employee engagement level explained 32% of the variation in total commitment. Since the P value is less than 0.01, it can be inferred that the linkage between employee engagement level and total commitment is statistically significant. The study identified a strong, positive correlation between employee's engagement level and affective commitment (d = 0.347, p =0.000) and employee's engagement level and normative commitment (d =.265, p =0.000), which were statistically significant. The study also revealed a positive correlation between employee engagement level and continuance commitment, which was not statistically significant (d =.072, p =0.096). The current study adds to the research pointing at employee's engagement level as a promising underlying mechanism to improve employee's organisational commitment level. IAEME Publication. -
Connected k-forcing sets of graphs and splitting graphs
The notion of k-forcing number of a graph was introduced by Amos et al. For a given graph G and a given subset I of the vertices of the graph G, the vertices in I are known as initially colored black vertices and the vertices in V (G) ? I are known as not initially colored black vertices or white vertices. The set I is a k-forcing set of a graph G if all vertices in G eventually colored black after applying the following color changing rule: If a black colored vertex is adjacent to at most k-white vertices, then the white vertices change to be colored black. The cardinality of a smallest k-forcing set is known as the k-forcing number Zk (G) of the graph G. If the sub graph induced by the vertices in I are connected, then I is called the connected k-forcing set. The minimum cardinality of such a set is called the connected k-forcing number of G and is denoted by Zck (G). This manuscript is intended to study the connected k-forcing number of graphs and the splitting graphs. 2020 the author(s). -
Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions (cVEDA): A developmental cohort study protocol
Background: Low and middle-income countries like India with a large youth population experience a different environment from that of high-income countries. The Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions (cVEDA), based in India, aims to examine environmental influences on genomic variations, neurodevelopmental trajectories and vulnerability to psychopathology, with a focus on externalizing disorders. Methods: cVEDA is a longitudinal cohort study, with planned missingness design for yearly follow-up. Participants have been recruited from multi-site tertiary care mental health settings, local communities, schools and colleges. 10,000 individuals between 6 and 23 years of age, of all genders, representing five geographically, ethnically, and socio-culturally distinct regions in India, and exposures to variations in early life adversity (psychosocial, nutritional, toxic exposures, slum-habitats, socio-political conflicts, urban/rural living, mental illness in the family) have been assessed using age-appropriate instruments to capture socio-demographic information, temperament, environmental exposures, parenting, psychiatric morbidity, and neuropsychological functioning. Blood/saliva and urine samples have been collected for genetic, epigenetic and toxicological (heavy metals, volatile organic compounds) studies. Structural (T1, T2, DTI) and functional (resting state fMRI) MRI brain scans have been performed on approximately 15% of the individuals. All data and biological samples are maintained in a databank and biobank, respectively. Discussion: The cVEDA has established the largest neurodevelopmental database in India, comparable to global datasets, with detailed environmental characterization. This should permit identification of environmental and genetic vulnerabilities to psychopathology within a developmental framework. Neuroimaging and neuropsychological data from this study are already yielding insights on brain growth and maturation patterns. 2019 The Author(s). -
Constraining the physical parameters of XTE J1701-462 through NuSTAR observations
The spectral properties of the transient neutron star low-mass X-ray binary XTE J1701-462 were studied using the data obtained from FPMA/B detectors onboard NuSTAR during its second known outburst (2022 September). The physical parameters of the system were derived from the analysis of the data in the 3.0-30.0 keV energy range. The patterns displayed on the hardness-intensity diagram of the three observations closely resembled the banana branch/normal branch, a vertex of horizontal and normal branch of the Z-track and a transition from normal branch to flaring branch. Spectral analysis of the source revealed the presence of Fe K emission complex. The source spectra were fitted with a multitemperature blackbody () component in conjunction with the reflection model (). The values of temperature (kTin) and radius (Rin) of the inner accretion disc obtained from the spectral fitting with the model combination - + showed the source to be in its soft spectral state during the observations. The inclination angle (?) of the source was estimated to be between 19 and 33 and the inner disc radius (Rin) was found to be 17.4 km. Assuming the case of magnetic truncation of accretion disc, the upper limits for the magnetic dipole moment (?) and the magnetic field strength (B) at the poles of the neutron star in the system were found to be 5.78 1026 G cm3 and 8.23 108 G, respectively, for kA = 1. 2024 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. -
Constraints on the Labour Market Trajectory of Youth and Growth of NEET in India
This paper explores the trends, composition, and determinants of the rising Not in Employment, Education and Training (NEET) population in India. Based on the national level employment-unemployment surveys and macro level panel data, and using instrumental variable (IV) Probit and system generalized method of moments (GMM) regression models, it is explored that a set of supply and demand side factors determining the growth of NEET population in India. At the micro level, the individuals level of general education, technical and vocational training, gender, occupation and gender of head of the family, religion, standard of living of the family, earnings of the spouse, and a set of complex socio-cultural factors determine the NEET status of educated and trained youth. On the other hand, the macro level factors, including the growth of mechanization in agriculture, stagnant real wages, sluggish non-farm sector output growth, infrastructural backwardness, and the existing social-cultural setup in which educated youth live together create a negative macro level environment that compels them to remain out of the workforce for a longer period even after completion of their education/training. Based on these results, it is argued that policies aiming at the development of infrastructure along with the promotion of industry and modern service sectors should be given the top priority for checking the upsurge in the NEET population in India. 2023 XLRI Jamshedpur, School of Business Management & Human Resources. -
Construct modelling, statistical analysis and empirical validation using PLS-SEM: a step-by-step guide of the analysis procedure
Partial least square-structured equation modelling (PLS-SEM) is a widely accepted tool for statistical analysis in social science research. The complex architecture of PLS-SEM sometimes makes it difficult for users to understand the taxonomy, nomenclature, or process of statistical analysis. This research study proposes summarising the procedure adopted in PLS-SEM for data analysis. Measurement evaluation and structural model was the subject of discussion, with a focus on the statistical techniques employed. Furthermore, the threshold values corresponding to statistical tools under measurement and structural model were also provided. The inference of these threshold values were also discussed with an eye on improving researchers awareness and understanding. The discussion about the methodology adopted in statistical analysis with the help of PLS-SEM is also reported. Finally, the limitations of the research work were presented, and further study directions were streamlined. 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Construction and validation of next generation teacher educator competency scale [NGTECS]
The article presented here is a part of the major research project conducted in India from 2016 through 2020. Teacher education in India in the last six decades underwent many reforms in terms of policies, assessment, field experience patterns, and training pedagogy. Teacher educators invariably implemented all the suggested changes. However, it lacked the rigour in implementation. At the same time with the advancement of technology, the student population is native to technology and had newer attitudes towards learning. Researcher felt that, the Teacher educators competencies are to be revisited and may come up with a new list of competencies which are helpful to the next generation. It is with this intent this major research project was planned. The purpose of the project was to come up with the list of competencies for teacher educators which are helpful for training the next generation teacher trainees and to measure those competencies. Therefore, the study resorted to adopt exploratory research design. This article explains the step wise procedure on construction of next generation teacher educator competency scale. It also explains the procedures of validity and reliability established for the scale. The study brought out a Likert type of scale to measure next generation teacher educator competency and has simple administration procedures. The scale was found to be highly reliable based on Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient. Though the study is exploratory in nature, yet confirmatory factor analysis was carried out and is found to be in agreement with the evolved factors. The scale may be used to measure the extent to which the next generation teacher educator competencies are possessed by a teacher educator. Copyright 2020 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License -
Construction of a waste-derived graphite electrode integrated IL/Ni-MOF flowers/Co3O4 NDs for specific enrichment and signal amplification to detect aspartame
A novel and cost-efficient electrochemical sensor was designed by immobilizing IL/Ni-MOF/Co3O4 nanodiamonds on the graphite (GE) electrode, marking the first application for the detection of aspartame. The graphite electrode was extracted and recycled from discharged batteries to serve as a working electrode. The nanocomposite features unique Co3O4 nanodiamonds, generated using Coriandrum sativum seed extract, alongside Ni-metal organic framework (MOF), which were synthesized through a solvothermal method. The conductivity and stability of the electrochemical sensor were enhanced through the incorporation of the ionic liquid (IL) ([BMIM][MeSO4]. The phytochemical profile of Coriandrum sativum seed extract, analyzed by GC-MS, identified key compounds involved in the synthesis of Co3O4 nanodiamonds. A comprehensive characterization of the nanocomposite was performed using UV-Vis, FTIR, DLS, Zeta potential, XRD, XPS, FE-SEM, TEM, optical profilometry, and AFM to confirm the structural and elemental modifications. Electrochemical characterization of the bare and modified electrodes was conducted through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The GE/IL/Ni-MOF/Co3O4 nanodiamonds modified electrode displayed enhanced electroanalytical performance for aspartame detection, characterized by signal amplification at +7.0 V. Quantitative analysis by Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) and Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) revealed a linear detection range of 315 M for aspartame. A comparison of SWV and DPV revealed superior analytical performance for SWV, with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values of 1.02 M and 3.1 M (R2 = 0.993) compared to 1.81 M and 5.5 M (R2 = 0.986) for DPV. This study reveals the excellent adsorption capabilities of Ni-MOF and Co3O4 nanodiamonds (Co3O4 NDs), attributed to their high porosity and large surface area, paving the way for the development of affordable sensing devices for artificial sweeteners. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Construction of multifunctional hyaluronic acid modified gold nanoparticles clocked with Irinotecan and indocyanine green: Investigation of chemotherapy and cancer cell imaging
To overcome the inherent limits of conventional cancer therapy, there is an immediate need to establish multifunctional drugs that combine accurate diagnosis with treatment. The work describes a small nanocomposite's mild and easy fabrication, including Irinotecan, folic acid, hyaluronic acid, and indocyanine green-integrated gold nanoparticles. The gold nanoparticles with indocyanine green integrated (HA@ICG/Au) were developed in one step for photodynamic treatment and biological fluorescence imaging. Both the drug delivery of Irinotecan and the enhancement of cellular selectivity are achieved by the hyaluronic acid-altered ICG/Au (HA@ICG/Au). To regulate the release of Irinotecan during tumour chemotherapy, the dual-targeted and pH-responsive system known as HA@ICG/Au:FA@IRI was developed. The nanocomposite composed of HA@ICG/Au:FA@IRI had a tiny surface area and was highly efficient at encapsulation and loading drugs. In an acidic milieu, the nanocomposite showed excellent biocompatibility, colloidal stability, photostability, and a rapid cumulative release rate. The improved cellular uptake of HA@ICG/Au:FA@IRI for fluorescence imaging was validated by fluorescence microscopy in vitro. The nanocomposite showed impressive cancer cell death when exposed to laser irradiation using a combination of synergistic chemotherapy and photodynamic treatment (PDT). Taken as a whole, the results show that the nanocomposite was successfully developed to target tumors in two different ways, resulting in a potentially helpful theranostics agent. 2025 Elsevier B.V. -
Construction of Sorafenib Tosylate and Etoposide-loaded Liposomes: A Path to Precision Liver Cancer Therapy and its Apoptosis Induction
Nanotechnology is an effective tool in fighting against cancer, playing a crucial role in investigating and fabricating novel anticancer drugs. Recognizing the worldwide prevalence of cancer, we combined sorafenib tosylate (ST) and etoposide (ETP) within liposomes. We assessed their ability to kill human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and HepG2 liver cancer cells. The liposomes effectively contained ST and ETP, exhibiting a particle size distribution below 180nm, a polydisperse index (PDI) below 0.2, a spherical shape, a strong negatively charged zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiencies of 59% for ST, 88% for ETP, and 57% for ST combined with 87% for ETP. The FTIR analysis indicates that the drugs were incorporated within liposomes. Encapsulation of the drugs in liposomes resulted in a more significant cytotoxic impact on HepG2 cells and a reduced cytotoxic impact on HUVECs. The morphological assessment of the HepG2 liver cancer cells was investigated using AO-EB and Hoechst 33258 staining methods. Apoptosis mechanisms of HepG2 cells were examined by Annexin V and PI dual staining. Furthermore, the coadministration of ST and ETP, which were enclosed in liposomes, resulted in a synergistic impact on the drugs, leading to cell death by apoptosis. 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Construction of Teachers' Personal Commitment Scale: Validity and Reliability Analysis
Indian Streams Research Journal, Vol-3(12), pp.1-6. ISSN-2230-7850 -
Consumer Adoption Behaviour of Smart, Green, and Sustainable Building Materials for Future Cities and Environment: Extension of UTAUT 2 Model
This study explores various factors that influence the consumers intention to adopt smart, green, and sustainable building materials in Bangalore city, Karnataka, India. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how consumers actual adoption behaviour of smart, green, and sustainable building materials is influenced by their behavioural intentions. A standardized questionnaire was utilized to collect data from 382 homebuilders in Bangalore as part of a descriptive research study. A simple random sampling technique was used along with Structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to test hypotheses framed. Findings indicate that availability and accessibility, awareness, epistemic values, and technology adoption propensity all positively affect subjective norms. Subjective norms positively impact behavioural intention and adoption behaviour. However, challenges in adoption influenced subjective norms negatively, thus hindering consumer adoption. Awareness had the greatest influence on subjective norms, emphasizing the need for increasing consumer awareness. Subjective norms successfully mediated the relationship between independent factors impacting behavioural intention and adoption behaviour. Significant indirect effects of awareness via subjective norms on Behavioural intention were observed. This study highlights the need of increasing social awareness and cultivating a positive view of social expectations in order to promote the widespread use of smart, green, and sustainable building materials, which will eventually result in long-term sustainable cities and surroundings. 2024 The Author(s). -
CONSUMER BUYING PSYCHOLOGY AND BRAND PERCEPTION: INFLUENCE OF WORD OF MOUTH COMMUNICATION
Word-of-mouth Communication (WOM) has recently gained momentum in almost every operating industry in the world. WOM can be seen as a firms intentional influencing of consumer-to-consumer communications about the firms products. This studys primary objective was to determine whether there was any significant relationship between Word-of-mouth communication and Consumer buying behaviour specificity to the Indian cosmetics industry. The study was conducted with a sample size of 163 women, hailing mainly from South Indian cities, out of which Bangalore was predominant. The results of this study are to the Indian urban/metro population. The research eventually concluded a significant correlation between WOM and Consumer buying Behaviour, wherein consumer behaviour was measured in terms of Brand Perception, Search & Evaluation effort, and Risk Reduction. WOMs correlation with each of these aspects was positive and high, indicating a direct and strong relationship. 2020. All Rights Reserved. -
Consumer perception and acceptance of minute maid pulpy orange in puducherry
International Journal of Management & Business Studies, 3 (2), pp. 119-121. ISSN-2230-2463 -
Consumer perception and factors influencing consumption of millets
Consumers purchase intention and preferences are influenced by price, quality, health-related benefits, and awareness about the product. This paper aims to know and understand the consumer perception of millets and to recognize the factors that influence their purchase. The primary data was collected through an online questionnaire covering fourteen districts of Kerala, India. Factor Analysis, Friedman test, T-test, and One-way ANOVA were used for testing the objectives and hypothesis. Factors identified were grouped as perceived value, essential nutrients, and a healthy lifestyle. Friedman test revealed that there wasa significant difference among the mean values of most nutritious cereals, and maize was the most preferred cereal over others in Kerala. Based on the findings, the study recommends certain strategies like food manufacturing companies could introduce variety of millet-based snacks. In addition to this, the concerned food and health department could also devise certain policies that would be aimed at promoting millet-based food. 2022, Kerala Agricultural University. All rights reserved. -
Consumer Perception of Internet Banking and Mobile Banking Using Twitter Analytics
Mobile and internet banking have introduced a new way of monetary transactions without the need for physical presence. This research proposes to analyze the sentiments of people regarding digital transactions, mobile, and internet banking. The explosion of internet usage and the huge funding initiatives in electronic banking have drawn the attention of researchers towards internet and mobile banking. This study focuses on customer value perceptions of the internet and mobile banking in India. The recent and forecasted Digital India scheme shows high growth in e-banking in India. The demographic, attitudinal, and behavioral characteristics of mobile bank users were examined. In this study, datasets obtained from Twitter were used. After extensive and repeated analysis, it is found that both mobile and internet banking are well received; the number of positive tweets, especially regarding mobile banking, is much higher than that of internet banking. This leads to the interpretation that people find mobile banking easier and safer, especially during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. 2022 Information Resources Management Association. All rights reserved. -
Consumer preference towards private label brands with reference to retail apparel in India
As majority of the present day consumers are considering brands as an important element in their choice of decision making while purchasing, it is pertinent that sellers should capitalize on the type of brands they are offering to consumers. Both private labels and global brands have their own advantages and disadvantages over each other mainly in terms of pricing and quality factors. However, the main motive the consumers are looking forward is to buy a product which would effectively satisfy their requirements. If they find a product which satisfies their needs effectively, they buy it irrespective of whether it is a private label or a global brand. Even the price of the product may not be a major factor in such a case. This study focused on the preference and intention among consumers towards buying of private label products, especially retail apparel products. This study examined the causal relationships between six antecedents of customer perceived preference identified in this study as fashion consciousness, attitude, store image, price, quality, and store loyalty with regard to the purchase intention of private label brand apparels. The model was evaluated using data collected from 292 customers from different malls in Bangalore in 2016-17. The findings revealed that customers attitude played a significant role in their purchase behaviour towards private label brand apparels. 2019, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd. All Rights Reserved.