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Modeling and analysis of the bioconvective flow of nanofluid over a stretching sheet with ThompsonTroian slip condition
In the present study, the flow, heat, and mass transfer characteristics of a bioconvective nanofluid over a stretching plate subjected to an external magnetic field are analyzed. The nonlinear slip at the surface is modeled using the ThompsonTroian velocity slip condition, while convective boundary conditions are applied to account for heat and mass transfer in the thermal and concentration fields. To ensure uniform nanoparticle distribution, motile microorganisms are incorporated into the fluid. These microorganisms help counteract particle aggregation and prevent solidification within the medium. Their motion gives rise to the bioconvection phenomenon, enhancing overall fluid transport. The governing equations for momentum, energy, and species concentration are formulated as partial differential equations (PDEs), incorporating key effects such as viscous dissipation, magnetic field influence, and heat sources. Using similarity transformations, the PDEs are reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). This system is then numerically solved via Python solve_bvp function, which employs a collocation method for boundary value problems. The computed solutions are validated against existing literature, and residual analysis is conducted to ensure accuracy. The results reveal that an increase in magnetic field strength suppresses fluid velocity while simultaneously raising the nanofluid temperature. Additionally, higher critical shear stress associated with the ThompsonTroian slip model further reduces the flow velocity near the surface. Akadiai KiadZrt 2025. -
Numerical and ANN analysis of MWCNTCuOFe?O?H?O nanofluid flow under magnetic dipole influence
The choice of coolants in automobiles, power plants, electrical appliances etc. is basically dependent on the fluids thermal characteristics. Thus, the better thermal characteristics of MWCNT (Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes) helps in modeling an efficient coolant. Further, the flow of fluid is controlled with a magnetic dipole that creates a magnetic field around it. Since ferrite particles respond better to magnetic field, the base fluid for this study is considered to be ferrofluid formed by suspending Fe3O4 in H2O. In order to ensure stability of this combination, CuO nanoparticles are suspended into the ferrofluid along with the MWCNT that possess higher thermal conductivity. Thus, the ternary nanofluid formed with the composition MWCNT?CuO?Fe3O4?H2O is assumed to flow in the presence of exponential heat source/sink. The theoretical model describing such a particular flow is designed by partial differential equation and these equations are further transferred to ordinary differential equation with the help of apt transformation. The numerical solution obtained for this system and the outcomes are analyzed graphically which indicates that the upsurge in the velocity power index enhances the velocity and the temperature profiles of the ternary nanofluid. Furthermore, as the space between the magnetic dipole and the origin expands, the nanofluid flows faster whereas the temperature of the nanofluid diminishes. Also, An Artificial Neural Network model is applied to check the correlation between the parameter and observed that output data and targeted data are strongly co-related with each other. Akadiai KiadZrt 2025. -
Sensitivity analysis of thermal optimisation within conical gap between the cone and the surface of disk with particle deposition
This work examines the thermal and flow characteristics of TiO2+AgBr+GO/EG trihybrid nanofluid in the conical gap that exists between a disc and a cone. Effect of thermophoresis and particle deposition are examined to perceive the mass dissipation change on the surface. The governing equations of the problem are in the form of partial differential equations which are converted to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by applying proper scaling similarity transformations, and then the resultant equations are approximated numerically by using RKF45 technique. The interesting part of this research is to discuss the impact of various pertinent parameters on three cases namely: (1) rotating cone/disk (2) rotating cone/stationary disk and (3) stationary cone/rotating disk. The flow field, heat and mass transfer rates were analysed using graphical representations. Additionally, sensitivity analysis is performed on derived rate of heat transfer as a response function for input factors for different parameters. From the graph, it is perceived that flow field increases significantly with increase in the values of Reynolds numbers for both cone and disk rotations. Also, it is seen that temperature upsurges significantly for ascendent values of solid volume fraction of nanoparticles. It is also noticed that the sensitivity of the Nusselt number towards n is more for all the values of source/sink and for middle level values of n. Akadiai KiadZrt 2024. -
Structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric studies of La2CoMnO6 double perovskite
The double perovskite material La?CoMnO? was synthesized using the sol-gel method. Its structural characteristics were analyzed through X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), with Rietveld refinement confirming that the sample crystallizes in a monoclinic structure within the P2?/n space group. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images revealed a non-uniform, slightly porous, and agglomerated structure, while elemental composition was determined through EDAX analysis. Magnetic studies indicated a frustrated magnetic ground state with competing interactions, along with a para-to-ferro magnetic transition at a Curie temperature (TC) of 209 K. Analysis using Arrotts plot confirmed that the magnetic transition in La?CoMnO? is of second order. Magnetocaloric studies showed that the ?SM(T) curve remains nearly stable over the investigated temperature range, demonstrating a broadened entropy profile, which positions this material as a promising candidate for magnetic cooling applications. The Author(s) 2026. -
Influence of arecanut organic residue on the dielectric behavior of chitosan-PVA polymer blends: A synergistic approach
Arecanut organic residue (AR) incorporated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan (CH) films were successfully synthesized using the solvent casting method, aiming to enhance structural rigidity and dielectric performance. The novelty of this work lies in utilizing AR, a sustainable agricultural byproduct, as a natural functional additive to enhance the dielectric and thermal stability of PVAchitosan blends. This eco-friendly approach introduces a biogenic interfacial modifier that improves polymer compatibility and performance without relying on synthetic fillers or chemical cross-linkers. FTIR spectra revealed the existence of cross-linking between PVA, chitosan and AR. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that AR-PVA-CH films exhibited enhanced thermal stability compared to pure PVA, chitosan and PVA-CH blend. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss, DC conductivity, polarization and permittivity of pure PVA, pure chitosan, PVA-CH and AR-PVA-CH films were analysed in the frequency range from 100Hz to 100kHz. The optimized formulation (AR-C4) exhibited a maximum dielectric constant of 224.31 at 1kHz, significantly higher than that of the pristine PVACH blend. The improvement in thermal stability has also been emphasized by indicating the increase in the T?? value from 279.66C for PVACH to 358.37C for AR-C4. Furthermore, the enhancement in AC conductivity from 1.23 10?10 S/m for the PVACH blend to 5.93 108 S/m for AR-C5 has been mentioned, demonstrating the synergistic influence of arecanut residue on charge transport and interfacial polarization. This research showcases that AR-induced structural changes in PVA-chitosan films lead to a notable improvement in their dielectric properties, making them promising candidates for advanced dielectric and thermal applications. The Polymer Society, Taipei 2025. -
Individual and Relational Outcomes of Inter-religious Marriage: A Scoping Review
Inter-religious marriages, where partners come from different religious affiliations, pose unique challenges and opportunities. This scoping review aims to examine the literature on individual and relational outcomes of inter-religious couples and their families, synthesising existing evidence on their social, psychological, and cultural aspects. While numerous studies exist on this topic, their findings have not yet been systematically synthesised. The question for this scoping review was how existing studies explore the individual and relational outcomes of interfaith marriages. A comparative search, following Arksey and OMalleys five-step framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, was conducted across Scopus, ScienceDirect, APA PsycNet, JSTOR, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ProQuest databases from 2004 to 2024. After screening 1,276 references based on inclusion criteria, 19 peer-reviewed articles were selected for the scoping review. Four key themes emerged: (1) Marital adjustment and tensions, (2) Psychological impacts, (3) Marital instability and dissolution, and (4) Strengths and opportunities. This scoping review emphasises the intricate challenges encountered by inter-religious couples, encompassing familial opposition, identity dilemmas, cultural and religious disputes, marital instability, and psychological distress. The review highlights the need for increased societal and institutional support and calls for further research into adaptive coping strategies across diverse cultural contexts. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Beyond the Surface, Delving into du?kha: Buddhist Insights into the Lives of Married Women in a South Indian Metropolis
The modern era has brought women unparalleled opportunities in various fields. However, they still encounter numerous challenges that impede their well-being. This qualitative study explores how Buddhist wisdom can be applied to understand the well-being challenges experienced by married women aged 2539years and residing in Bengaluru, a metropolitan city in India. The study involved conducting semi-structured interviews with eight married women. A thematic analysis of these interviews revealed three main themes, that is, my body, my mind, and my relationship, each with sub-themes falling under the overarching global theme, echoes of unease: unveiling du?khas reflections. The factors driving unsatisfactoriness among the participants were then analysed by applying the Buddhist doctrine of dependent arising to understand the origins of du?kha. This study suggests that Buddhist philosophy provides valuable insights for unravelling the intricacies of the modern womans du?kha and may serve as a potential pathway for women to tap into their inner reservoir of wisdom and compassion, enhancing their overall well-being. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Comparative Evaluation of Curcumin Derivatives Loaded 3D Printable Chitosan/Gelatin Hydrogels: Release Behaviour, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Immunomodulatory Properties
The development of multifunctional scaffolds with improved mechanical strength, swelling resistance, antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility is crucial for tissue engineering. In this study, chitosangelatin (CH GT) scaffolds were reinforced with curcumin (Cur), nano-curcumin (nCur), and PLGA-encapsulated curcumin (PLGA_Cur) to enhance physicochemical and biological properties. SEM micrographs confirmed uniform, interconnected pores with reduced pore wall disruption upon Cur incorporation. Mechanical testing revealed that the highest tensile strength and tensile modulus for CH GT nCur were observed at 34kPa and 58kPa, respectively. Swelling studies showed a significant reduction in equilibrium swelling ratio from ~ 675% (CH GT) to ~ 340% (CH GT_nCur), correlating with enhanced hydrogen bonding and physical crosslinking. Antibacterial assays indicated significant inhibition against S. aureus (~ 94%) and E. coli (~ 92%) for CH GT_nCur. Cytocompatibility tests showed > 85% cell viability across all formulations, with CH GT_nCur supporting superior cell attachment and cell migration capabilities compared to controls. Cur release from CH GT Cur and CH GT nCur hydrogel scaffolds resulted in antioxidant activity; however it was slightly impeded by rapid release. In the PLGA-based system, antioxidant activity is enhanced with sustained release. CH GT Cur and CH GT nCur enhanced M2 macrophage polarization (p < 0.001) compared to CH GT Cur hydrogels, which successfully decreased inflammation and oxidative stress. Notably, despite a delayed M2 response, the PLGA-encapsulated Cur system (CH GT PLGA_Cur) demonstrated sustained decrease of ROS levels and iNOS expression, suggesting extended anti-inflammatory effect. These results demonstrate the promise of CH GT-based hydrogels, particularly the PLGA_Cur system, for oxidative stress management and regulated immunomodulation in therapeutic settings. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Multifunctional SrO?Sodium AlginateL-Arginine Nanocomposite: A Green Approach against Colon Cancer and Pathogenic Microbes
Pathogenic microbes pose a significant threat to human health due to their increasing resistance to standard antibiotics. Colon cancer is among the deadliest forms of cancer worldwide and often exhibits resistance to conventional treatments, highlighting the urgent need for alternative therapeutic agents. In this study, a SrO2SALA nanocomposite was synthesized via a green chemical approach using Bougainvillea glabra extract and evaluated for its anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potential. In this work, SrO2-SA-LA nanocomposite was prepared via a green chemical approach using Bougainvillea glabra extract and evaluated for its potential anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The nanocomposite was successfully synthesized and functionalized, as confirmed by characterization studies. XRD revealed a crystalline phase of tetragonal SrO2. The calculated optical bandgap energies were 4.11eV for pristine SrO2 and 4.35eV for SrO2-SA-LA nanocomposite. DLS analysis indicated median particle sizes of 128.40nm and 142.70nm for SrO? and SrO2SALA, respectively. PL studies showed that the SrO2SALA nanocomposite exhibited green emission in the range of 494534nm, suggesting an increase in oxygen-related defect states compared to pure SrO2. Disc diffusion assay revealed that SrO2-SA-LA nanocomposite exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity against common disease-causing pathogens, while MTT assay showed enhanced cytotoxicity against HCT-116 colon cancer cells. Additionally, the SrO2-SA-LA nanocomposite exhibited superior free radical scavenging in DPPH assays, indicating high antioxidant potential. Furthermore, cytocompatibility studies using L929 fibroblast cells confirmed that both SrO? and SrO?SALA nanocomposite are non-toxic to normal cells, with cell viability exceeding 80%, indicating their biosafety. The results suggest that SrO2-SA-LA nanocomposite is a promising candidate for applications in anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial therapies with good biocompatibility. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Fabrication of Kaempferol Loaded Zein Nanoparticles: Investigation of in Vitro Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induction in Oral Cancer Cells
Oral cancer remains a significant health challenge, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies to enhance treatment efficacy and minimize side effects. This study investigates the potential of kaempferol-loaded zein nanoparticles (KZNPs) for this purpose. Kaempferol, a flavonoid with anticancer properties, has poor water solubility, limiting its effectiveness. Zein nanoparticles (ZNPs) offer a promising delivery system for such bioactive compounds. UV-Vis spectroscopy identified Kaempferols absorption peaks at 347 and 253nm, which shifted to 338nm when encapsulated in ZNPs, indicating a change in ??* conjugation. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that sodium caseinate (SC) stabilizes ZNPs, resulting in spherical particles with optimal size and stability. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy suggested enhanced hydrogen bonding between Kaempferol and zein. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed the absence of Kaempferols crystalline peaks in KZNPs. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) was 98.39%, and drug release studies showed a controlled release of 79% kaempferol over 8h. In vitro assays demonstrated that KZNPs significantly increased Kaempferols cytotoxicity against PCI-13 oral cancer cells without affecting normal NIH3T3 cancer cells. Overall, these results demonstrate that our KZNPs enhanced biocompatibility and anticancer properties for oral cancer cells. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Multifunctional Evaluation of CaCO3Sodium Alginate Nanocomposite for Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anticancer Applications
In this study, Calcium carbonate (CaCO?) nanoparticles and calcium carbonatesodium alginate (CaCO?SA) nanocomposite were successfully synthesized via a controlled precipitation method and evaluated for multifunctional biomedical applications. Structural and surface analyses confirmed the formation of a calcite phase with effective surface functionalization using SA. The nanocomposite exhibited reduced crystallite size (~ 29nm vs. ~38nm for CaCO?), improved dispersion, and enhanced defect density, as evidenced by XRD, DLS, PL, and TEM analyses. PL studies revealed multiple defect-related emission bands (370534nm), indicating the presence of active surface states. The CaCO?SA nanocomposite demonstrated significantly enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to CaCO?, with zone of inhibition values reaching ~ 20mm (S. aureus), ~ 21mm (S. pneumoniae), ~ 20mm (E. coli), and ~ 18mm (C. albicans), comparable to standard drugs. CFU analysis confirmed a concentration-dependent reduction in bacterial viability, while MIC and MBC values were reduced to 500g mL? and 750g mL?, respectively, indicating improved bacteriostatic and bactericidal efficiency. In anticancer studies, the nanocomposite exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity against MG-63 osteosarcoma cells, reducing cell viability to ~ 30% at higher concentrations, while maintaining high biocompatibility of > 80% viability toward L929 fibroblast cells. Overall, this work highlights the potential of surface engineered CaCO? based nanomaterials as promising candidates for combined antimicrobial and anticancer applications, providing a foundation for future in-depth biological investigations and translational studies. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2026. -
Sodium AlginateEngineered CaF? NPs: Surface Passivation, and Tunable Biofunctional Performance
The optimization of surface chemistry in nanomaterials is vital for enhancing their applicability in advanced healthcare sectors. This study focuses on synthesizing polymer-functionalized NPs (NPs) to improve structural stability and biological efficacy against a broad spectrum of pathogens. Herein, calcium fluoride (CaF?) and sodium alginate-functionalized CaF? (CaF?SA) NPs were synthesized to determine the impact of SA on physicochemical and optical properties. The synthesized NPs were extensively characterized using XRD, UV-Vis, DLS, FTIR, PL, electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), and XPS. Their enhanced performance is attributed to defect passivation, reduced crystallite size, and the formation of a homogeneous organic-inorganic interface through strong chemical interactions between Ca? sites and alginate functional groups. The CaF?SA NPs exhibited superior broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity compared to bare CaF? against S. aureus, S. pneumoniae (Gram-positive), K. pneumoniae, E. coli (Gram-negative) and C. albicans (fungal strains). The quantitative assessments via MIC, MBC, and CFU assays confirmed effective inhibition of CaF2-SA. These findings highlight defect modulation and polymer passivation as powerful strategies, suggesting CaF?SA NPs as promising candidates for advanced bio-interactive and healthcare applications. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2026. -
Sodium Alginate Coated Cerium(III) Fluoride Nanoparticles for Biocompatible Antimicrobial Applications: Structural and Functional Insights
Cerium(III) fluoride (CeF?) nanoparticles and sodium alignatefunctionalized CeF? nanocomposites (CeF?SA) were synthesized via a wet-chemical method. XRD confirmed phase-pure hexagonal CeF? with an average crystallite size of ~ 24nm. TEM showed uniformly distributed nanoparticles (812nm), and lattice fringe analysis revealed an interplanar spacing of ~ 0.315nm corresponding to the (111) plane, indicating preserved crystallinity after SA functionalization. UVvisible spectroscopy revealed a reduction in the optical band gap from 6.05eV (CeF?) to 4.96eV (CeF?SA), indicating modification of electronic properties. PL emission (351522nm) showed quenching, suggesting suppressed charge carrier recombination and increased defect density. CeF?SA exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (S. aureus, S. pneumoniae), Gram-negative (K. pneumoniae, E. coli), and the fungal pathogen C. albicans, with reduced MIC (650g/mL) and MBC (1050g/mL) against K. pneumoniae. SEM revealed pronounced bacterial membrane damage. In vitro MTT assays on L929 fibroblasts demonstrated > 80% cell viability at concentrations up to 60g/mL, indicating the nanoparticles are well-tolerated at sub-antimicrobial doses. Overall, CeF?SA represents a promising antimicrobial nanoplatform, with further studies needed to assess cytocompatibility at MIC-level concentrations. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2026. -
Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Modified Strontium Oxide Nanoparticles: a Multifunctional Nanoplatform for C6 Glioma Therapy and Antimicrobial Applications
Glioma, a very aggressive brain tumor, poses major therapeutic challenges. The present research investigates the synthesis, characterization, and bioevaluation of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-functionalized strontium oxide (SrO) nanoparticles (SrCMC) as anticancer and biocompatibility probes. SrO nanoparticles were synthesized using co-precipitation and functionalized with CMC for better dispersion and stability. Characterization by XRD, FTIR, UVVis, PL, SEM, TEM, and EDAX proved structural and optical enhancements. SrCMC showed enhanced photoluminescence with a blue shift and increased emission intensity, indicating modified surface defects. UVVis analysis revealed a slight band gap increase from 4.07eV to 4.12eV due to CMC capping. FTIR and EDAX confirmed successful functionalization, while XRD showed reduced crystallite size (32nm to 26nm) and maintained tetragonal structure. SEM and HRTEM revealed improved dispersion and decreased lattice spacing in SrCMC, reflecting surface stabilization by CMC. For in vitro tests on C6 glioma cells, the cytotoxicity was found to be time- and dose-dependent with IC?? values of 22.1, 17.6, and 14.8g/mL for SrO and 20.3, 15.8, and 12.6g/mL for SrCMC after 24, 48, and 72h respectively. In vivo biocompatibility was assessed using zebrafish embryos exposed to SrCMC nanoparticles at 0.5mg/mL and 1mg/mL across various time intervals. The agar well diffusion method was employed to assess the antimicrobial activity against the following pathogens including Gram-positive (S. pneumoniae, B. subtilis), Gram-negative (K. pneumoniae, S. dysenteriae), and fungal (C. albicans) strains. The results revealed SrCMC exhibited significant inhibitory effects against all tested organisms and comparable to streptomycin. This work shows SrCMCs potential for biomedical applications, subject to careful control of toxicity. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Synthesis and Multifunctional Evaluation of BaO?-Sodium Alginate-Curcumin Nanocomposite: Improved Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Osteosarcoma Cell Inhibition
Nanotechnology-based strategies provide a promising platform for developing multifunctional materials with enhanced antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, offering effective solutions for combating infections, oxidative stress, and osteosarcoma cell proliferation. In the current study BaO2-sodium alginate-curcumin (BaO?-SA-Cur) was prepared by facile wet chemical route. The structural and morphological characteristics of the composite were ascertained using extensive characterization techniques. The crystallite size was found to be 52.2nm for BaO2 and 43.1nm for BaO2-SA-Cur nanocomposite as per XRD analysis. UV-visible spectroscopy results revealed that the band gap was found as 4.54eV for BaO2-SA-Cur nanocomposite and 4.38eV for BaO2 nanoparticles. PL studies revealed that the BaO2-SA-Cur nanocomposite exhibited intense emission peaks at 379nm, 421nm, 448nm, 477nm, and 508nm. DLS analysis revealed that the pure BaO2 exhibited the particle size around 118.70 5.4nm while the BaO?-SA-Cur nanocomposite around 139.50 7.8nm and more dispersion in the solution. The BaO?-SA-Cur nanocomposite exhibited enhanced antibacterial action against multi-resistant gram-negative bacterial species (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Proteus vulgaris, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) than that of pure BaO? and comparable with streptomycin. Importantly, the nanocomposite revealed remarkable anticancer activity against the osteosarcoma MG-63 cells where Cur was synergistically inducing cell apoptosis. The IC50 value was calculated as 45.7 for undoped BaO2 and 35.6 for doped BaO2-SA-Cur composite. Biocompatibility studies on L929 fibroblast cells showed over 85% cell viability for BaO?-SA-Cur, confirming its low cytotoxicity and suitability for biomedical applications. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Development of Biocompatible Barium peroxide/Pluronic F127/L-ornithine Composite for Enriched Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anticancer Potential: An in vitro Study
Osteosarcoma (MG-63) is a type of bone cancer affects mostly adolescents and young adults. Disease-causing microorganisms like Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans pose serious illness in humans. There is a need to develop multifunctional composite to combat cancer and other most common disease caused by disease causing microorganisms. In this context, BaO2 and pluronic F127, L-Ornithine coated BaO2 (BaO2-PF127-LO) composite have been prepared and characterized by XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis, SEM, HRTEM, EDAX, and XPS analytical techniques. BaO2 and BaO2-PF127-LO were orthorhombic crystalline structure and the crystallite size was found as 32nm for BaO2 and 26nm for modified BaO2 PL studies revealed the green emission observed at 506nm for BaO2-PF127-LO composite which is absent in the case of bare BaO2. Antimicrobial activity of BaO2 and BaO2-PF127-LO was investigated. MTT assay was performed to determine the anticancer potential while the DPPH free radical scavenging assay was carried out to determine the antioxidant potential. The experiment study revealed that the BaO2-PF127-LO exhibited enhanced antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activity and low toxicity when compared to pristine BaO2. The experimental results revealed that the BaO2-PF127-LO composite holds promising potential for biomedical applications. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Green Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Using Semecarpus anacardium Linn leaf Extract: Examination of Anticancer Activity and its Apoptosis Induction
Nanotechnology and biomedical sciences enable diverse molecular and cellular applications. Plant-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles, a green chemistry approach, offers a cost-effective, eco-friendly alternative to traditional methods. This study focuses on developing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA-NPs) using Semecarpus anacardium Linn (SAL) leaf extract (termed SAL@HA-NPs) as a capping agent and reducing agent. The presence of needle-shaped nanostructures was verified using SEM and TEM investigation. The presence of well-defined rings in the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns provided evidence for the polycrystalline nature of the SAL@HA-NPs). The XRD spectrum exhibited clear peaks that closely corresponded to the hexagonal patterns of HA, indicating a mean crystalline diameter of 54.25nm. The FTIR analysis revealed the presence of biomolecules from Semecarpus anacardium Linn leaves on the surface of the nanoparticles. The suspension of SAL@HA-NPs displayed a polydispersity index of 0.445 and demonstrated excellent stability, as indicated by the zeta potential of -32.2 mV, as observed in the DLS tests. The SAL@HA-NPs exhibited a harmful effect on the HeLa cervical and HepG2 liver cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 52g/mL. Fluorescence microscopy revealed the deformation of the damaged cell membrane, fragmentation, and cell death following treatment with SAL@HA-NPs. The Annexin V-FITC and PI staining confirmed the mode of apoptosis by flow cytometric analysis. Thus, the SAL@HA-NPs acquired in this study could have a crucial impact on the biomedical domain of cancer treatment. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Multifunctional SnO?-Chitosan-D-carvone Nanocomposite: A Promising Antimicrobial, Anticancer, and Antioxidant Agent for Biomedical Applications
Nanocomposite made up of inorganic and biocompatible polymer have gained significant attention for biomedical applications due to their enhanced multifunctional properties, offering solutions to serious issues like antimicrobial resistance and cancer treatment. Nanocomposite composed of SnO?, chitosan and D-carvone (SnO2-Cs-Dcar) was prepared to ascertain its efficacy in application for antimicrobial, anticancer activities, and antioxidant effects. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, UV-Vis, FTIR, PL, SEM, TEM, and XPS techniques, confirming successful integration. XRD results confirmed the tetragonal rutile phase of SnO2. The band gap energy was calculated as 4.32eV for SnO2 nanoparticles and 3.11eV for SnO2-Cs-Dcar nanocomposite as observed from UV-Visible spectra. PL emission results showed that SnO2-Cs-Dcar nanocomposite exhibited green emission at 507nm corresponds to number oxygen vacancy site. SEM and TEM results showed that the SnO2-Cs-Dcar nanocomposite entities appear more compact, and the single SnO2 particles are less differentiated, possibly because they have been covered by chitosan and D-carvone. Antimicrobial activity against the pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, Shigella dysenteriae, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated that SnO2-Cs-Dcar exhibited enhanced bacteriostatic effect when compared to bare SnO2. MTT assay on MOLT-4 cancer cells revealed that SnO2-Cs-Dcar nanocomposite exhibited enhanced anticancer activity upon compared to SnO? nanoparticles. The IC50 values were calculated as 13.6 for SnO2 and 12.1 for SnO2-Cs-Dcar nanocomposite. SnO?-Cs-Dcar nanocomposites exhibits high antioxidant activity evidenced by improved free radical scavenging action in comparison with a bare SnO?. Experimental result indicates that the SnO?-Cs-Dcar nanocomposites can be used as biocidal agent for antimicrobial and anticancer therapies. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
ESIPT Active Schiff Base Fluorescent Sensor for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Co(II) Ions: Experimental, DFT Optimization Studies and Real Sample Analysis
A novel fluorescent Schiff base chemosensor, N1,N6-bis((E)-3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)adipohydrazide (DBSA), has been developed for the detection of Cobalt (II) ions. DBSA exhibits distinct fluorescence enhancement upon interacting with Co(II) ions via photoinduced electron transfer (PET). The developed sensor demonstrates a remarkable sensitivity, with the detection limits of 9.9 nM for Co(II) ions, which aligns well with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulatory thresholds for drinking water contaminants. Structural characterization by LC-MS, FTIR coupled with Jobs plot and NMR titration studies confirm the formation of DBSA-Co complex with a binding constant of 4.61 106 M? 1. The chemo sensor exhibits a quantum yield of 0.082, highlighting its potential applicability in photochemical processes. Computation studies were used to further investigate the binding interactions with Co2+ ions. The practical utility of DBSA has been validated through successful analyses in varied aqueous matrices, including tap water, lake water and recycled water. Cytotoxicity assessment via MTT assays on SH-SY5Y cells confirms excellent biocompatibility of the probe. This work presents a significant advancement in the design of efficient molecular probes for environmental monitoring, offering a robust platform for the concurrent detection of transition-metal ions in aqueous systems. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2026. -
CaSi2O5:Sm3+ Orange -Red Emitting Phosphors for Latent Fingerprint Detection Application
Orange-red emitting CaSi2O5:xSm3+ (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5mol% of Sm3+) phosphors were synthesized by a high-temperature solid-state reaction. In this study, the crystal structure, phase purity, functional group presence, and their bending and stretching vibrations, photoluminescence (PL) spectra, thermoluminescence (TL) spectra, and colour purity was systematically investigated. The phosphor exhibits a strong excitation with the charge transfer band (CTB) of O2? and Sm3+ at 263nm. Under 263nm excitation, the CaSi2O5:Sm3+ phosphor shows characteristic peaks at 595nm and 629nm, which are attributed to the characteristic 4G5/2?6H7/2 and 4G5/2?6H9/2 transitions of the Sm3+ ions, respectively. The doping concentration x = 2mol% is found to be the optimal doping concentration. The CIE coordinates of the optimal concentration phosphor CaSi2O5:2Sm3+ are found to be (0.589, 0.41) in the orange-red region with a colour purity percentage of 96.93%. Judd-Ofelt analysis was also carried out with the photoluminescence emission spectrum, in order to investigate the transition dynamics. Fingerprints were developed on non-porous glass and aluminium foil substrates. The experimental results display that the CaSi2O5:xSm3+ phosphors have a huge potential for practical applications. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.