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Antenna Array with Non-Uniform Excitation and DNG Hybrid Metasurface for Next Generation Communication Equipment
This paper presents an approach for designing a hybrid metasurface array with nonuniform excitation. The proposed design features a unique feed network with minimal use of Quarter Wave Transformers (QWT's) to reduce the form-factor. The impedance matching between the feed network and the patch is achieved by adjusting the inset position and the gap between the patch and the feed. The metasurface consists of a hybrid metamaterial unit cell with five Split Ring Resonators (SRRs) on the bottom and a hexagonal ring made of six triangles on the top surface improves the bandwidth, gain and directivity of the proposed design. Equivalent circuit of the proposed array is modeled using ADS software. A prototype 1x4 array with metasurface is designed for a resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz and fabricated. A high gain of 9.46 dB with a -10 dB impedance bandwidth of 110 MHz is achieved, which amounts to an improvement of 16.36% gain and 31.58% bandwidth compared to conventional uniform excitation array. In terms of overall size, the proposed array antenna is reduced by 38.05% compared to traditional 1x4 microstrip array. 2021 IAMOT. All Rights Reserved. -
Anti-bacterial and biocompatibility properties of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Parkia biglandulosa (Fabales:Fabaceae) leaf extract
The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles is considered to be a feasible, green, and eco-friendly method. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using badminton ball tree (Parkia biglandulosa) leaf extract and their significant physiochemical properties were characterized. The aqueous extract of the leaf of P. biglandulosa act as a reducing as well as capping agent for the reduction of Ag+ ?ions. FTIR analysis was conducted to find out the compounds that were liable for the bio-reduction of silver ions and to study the functional groups present in P. bigalandulosa leaf extract. The biologically reduced silver nanoparticles showed a surface plasmon resonance at 439 ?nm as studied from the UVvisible absorption spectrum. TEM studies confirmed the shape of the nanoparticles to be spherical with an average diameter of 15 ?nm. The anti-bacterial properties of the prepared nanoparticles were tested against Bacillus cereus by well plate method. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (PbAgNPs) at 0.02 ?M concentration showed the most antibacterial activity with a zone of inhibition of 7 ?mm. The high biocompatibility of the PbAgNPs by using human skin fibroblast cell line was evaluated by Alamar Blue reduction assay. The PbAgNPs had shown the highest cell viability when compared to native nanoparticles, meanwhile, a significant increase in cell viability was noted for the nanoparticles. The biosynthetic approach for synthesis was found to be a facile, rapid, single-step, safe, and effective alternative to the conventional physical/chemical methods. 2021 The Authors -
Anti-inflammatory activity of Sabicea brevipes Wernharm (Rubiaceae)
Over the years, medicinal plants have been employed in the treatment of inflammation and related ailments. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory potential of the aerial parts of S. brevipes. The extracts and fractions were further evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced rat model at varying doses (200 and 400 mg/kg doses, orally) for 5 h of treatment. The result of the phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, flavonoids and tannins in the aerial parts of the plant. The in vivo anti-inflammatory study exhibited inhibition of 42% and 44%, 47% and 36%, 33% and 31%, and 43% and 42% for methanol extract n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and methanol fraction, at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses, respectively. The positive control (diclofenac sodium) showed an inhibition value of 51% at 5 mg/kg dose. Finally, it is concluded that S. brevipes possesses anti-inflammatory potential which validates the enthnomedicinal claim of the plant. 2022. Attah EI et al. All Rights Reserved. -
Anti-vibrio effects of the precious Tibetan pill, Rinchen Drangjor Rilnag Chenmo (RDRC)
Tibetan precious pills are an integral part of TTM (Traditional Tibetan Medicine). Among them, Rinchen Drangjor Rilnag Chenmo (RDRC) has been named King of Precious Pills due to its efficacy in treating a multitude of human disorders. RDRC has a complex formulation with about 140 ingredients, mostly from medicinal plants and a few precious stones and metals. Not many studies have been done on the experimental validation of antimicrobial properties of this important pill. The current study investigated the antimicrobial activity of the extracts of RDRC. Both aqueous and chloroform extracts were evaluated for their antibacterial potential against a total of seven different bacterial species, which are pathogenic, including three species of Vibrio, viz. V. vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi using the well-diffusion method and also by assessing MIC and MBC values. Its antifungal potential was also studied against two fungal strains Aspergillus Niger and Talaromyces islandicus. It was found that the chloroform extract of RDRC exerted a positive antibacterial effect on all the Vibrio species tested, and the least MIC of 3.33 mg/ml was observed for V. parahaemolyticus. This is the first study of its kind on the anti-Vibrio effect of the Tibetan precious pill, Rinchen Drangjor Rilnag Chenmo. Dhargyal et al (2021). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). -
Antibacterial activity and spectroscopic characteristics of silver nanoparticles synthesized via plant and invitro leaf-derived callus extracts of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC
In this paper, we describe the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts, as well as their structural, optical, and antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Bacillus velezensis bacteria. For the study, several sections (root, leaves, and seed) of Mucuna pruriens, an immense medicinal herbal used to treat Parkinson's disease, were evaluated. Also, the seeds were grown in-vitro in the modified Murashige and Skoog's medium and the leaf derived callus supplemented by different phytohormones like picloram (pic), thidiazuron (TDZ), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 2-isopentenyl adenine (2-iP) were selected for this study. This is the first report of distinct callus obtained from M. pruriens and used for green nanoparticle synthesis. The prepared materials were thoroughly evaluated for structural and optical properties using XRD, FTIR, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. During synthesis, the colour changes from colourless to reddish brown, and the existence of an SPR peak in the absorption spectra confirms the formation of AgNPs. The FTIR spectra reveals the presence of phenolic group and alkyl ether groups, which were responsible for the reduction of silver ions during the green synthesis. The aqueous extracts of plant parts and callus obtained from different hormones showed very poor antibacterial activity. However, the green synthesized nanoparticles fabricated by different plant extracts showed good antimicrobial activity towards E. coli and B. velezensis bacteria. amongst the investigated results, highest antimicrobial activity against E. coli (84.8%) and B. velezensis (78.1%) was shown by AgNPs mediated by leaf extracts respectively followed by 0.5 mg/L pic and 2.0 mg/L BAP callus mediated silver nanoparticle solution. According to the findings, green produced AgNPs are promising candidates for antibacterial applications against E. coli and B. velezensis. 2022 SAAB -
Antibacterial performance of GOAg nanocomposite prepared via ecologically safe protocols
Control and extinction of the rising problem of antimicrobial resistance makes a multidisciplinary approach for the advancement of novel disinfectant agents imperative. Although graphene-based nanomaterials display high bacterial toxicity, their cytotoxicity to mammalian cells is found to be very low. Herein, a simple green approach for the synthesis of graphene oxidesilver composite using Syzgium cumini (Indian black plum) fruit extract was reported. Physicochemical properties and antibacterial activities of the composite were subsequently studied comparing with silver nanoparticles and pure graphene oxide. We demonstrate the influence of precursor materials in dictating the antibacterial properties of nanosystems. The antibacterial study conducted on selected gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria reveals that composite is more effective against gram-negative bacteria. The microbicidal activity of composite against bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli, was higher than the control drug cephalexin (CE control). Test compounds against L929 cell lines by MTT assay reveal the low cytotoxicity of samples. From the statistical analysis, it is inferred that the cell viability is dependent on the concentration. Fruit extract-based graphenesilver composite could be an excellent environment-friendly replacement for harsh disinfectants. 2020, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology. -
Antiferromagnetism of CoO-NiO bilayers studied by XMLD spectroscopy
CoO-NiO epitaxial bilayer system grown on MgO(001) substrate is investigated using x-ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD) spectroscopy with varying CoO overlayer thickness. An analysis of the Ni L 2 edge XMLD spectra using anisotropic XMLD formulation within a two-domain model reveals that the Ni moments undergo a spin reorientation with increasing CoO thickness. Such a spin reorientation is attributed to the competing magnetic interactions at both the NiO film interfaces, suggesting the existence of a sharp horizontal domain wall separating the in-plane and out-of-plane NiO domains. Our study also demonstrates a possible way to investigate the spin-structure along the thickness within the same chemical structure using a model-based approach, in a noninvasive manner. 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd. -
Antioxidant activities of leaves and fruits of piper nigrum and piper longum
Background and Objectives: Herbs and spices have been used to enhance flavors of food, as well as for their medicinal purposes. Herbs usually contain antioxidant properties. The present study was focused on the importance of the antioxidants present in Piper nigrum and Piper longum widely used by the people of India in their food. Materials and Methods: The methanolic extracts of the leaves and fruits of both Piper nigrum and Piper longum were prepared using soxhlet extraction method. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the plant samples were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The total flavonoid content (TFC) of the plant was determined. The inhibitory effect of the plant against oxidation by peroxides was evaluated by ferric thiocyanate assay. Results: The highest concentration of phenol was obtained from Piper nigrum leaves. The highest flavonoid content was observed in the Piper nigrum leaves (0.15 mg). The higher reducing potency of the antioxidants was present in the leaves and fruit of Piper nigrum and Piper longum exhibiting their antioxidant properties. The ability of the plant extracts of Piper nigrum and Piper longum against lipid peroxidation was revealed through the efficiency of inhibiting the radicals at a percentage of 58.33, 77.77, 66.66 and 22.22, respectively. Conclusion: From the study it was concluded that leaves and fruits of Piper nigrum and Piper longum have shown high antioxidant properties. So, they are considered to be rich sources of natural antioxidants for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. 2020 Jobi Xavier and Seju Thomas. -
Antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties of Alpinia galanga, Curcuma amada, and Curcuma caesia
Objective: To compare the antioxidant and anti-genotoxic properties of Alpinia (A.) galanga, Curcuma (C.) amada, and C. caesia. Methods: Cytotoxicity of ethanolic extracts of A. galanga, C. amada, and C. caesia at selected doses was evaluated by trypan blue, MTT, and flow cytometry-based assays. Genotoxicity and anti-genotoxicity (against methyl methanesulfonate, 35 ?M and H2O2, 250 ?M) of these plants were studied by comet assay in human lymphocytes in vitro. Furthermore, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, lipid peroxidation, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays were performed to study the antioxidant potentials of the plants. Finally, anti-genotoxic potential of C. amada was validated in Swiss albino mice using comet assay. Phytochemical composition of C. amada was determined by GC/MS and HPLC. Results: The selected doses (2.5, 5, and 10 ?g/mL) of A. galanga, C. amada, and C. caesia were non-toxic by cytotoxicity tests. All three ethanolic extracts of plant rhizomes demonstrated antioxidant and anti-genotoxic properties against methyl methanesulfonate-and H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. Multivariate analysis revealed that various antioxidant properties of these extracts in DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays were strongly correlated with their total phenolic constituents. C. amada extract conferred protection against cyclophosphamide-induced DNA damage in the bone marrow cells of mice and DNA damage was significantly inhibited by 2.5 mg/kg C. amada extract. Conclusions: C. amada is rich in potentially bioactive molecules and exhibits potent antioxidant activities. Its anti-genotoxicity against cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress is also confirmed in this study. 2021 Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine Produced by Wolters Kluwer-Medknow. All rights reserved. -
Antioxidant Phenolics of Justicia adhatoda L. and Cordia dichotoma Frost. Promote Thrombolytic Activity through Binding to a Serine Protease, Tissue Plasminogen Activator Protein
Background: The tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) protein dissolutes fibrin clots and prevents the disease like thrombosis. The current study aimed to study the tPA-promoting activity of bioactive molecules of Justicia adhatoda L (JA) and Cordia dichotoma Frost (CD). Methods: The phytochemical characterization of methanolic and aqueous extracts of JA and CD stems was performed through qualitative analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and biochemical tests (total phenolic and total flavonoid content [TPC and TFC]). The bioactivity of the extracts was studied through total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and ferric-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assays. Finally, forty phytocompounds from JA and CD were identified from the literature, and in silico molecular docking study was performed to target tPA protein (PDB id 1A5H, Chain A, X-ray diffraction, resolution 2.90 . Results: Various phytochemical classes were identified from extracts, through qualitative and FTIR analysis. TPC and TFC were estimated from the JA and CD extracts within the range of 9.3428.67 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g of extract weight (EW) and 2.4816.17 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g of EW, respectively. The aqueous extract of CD showed the highest TAC of 14.90 ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/100 g of EW, and the methanolic extract of JA had the highest FRAP activity of 27.77 mg AAE/100 g EW. The molecular docking study showed that apigenin 6,8-di-glucopyranoside had the highest binding potential toward the tPA (?9.380 kcal/mol). Conclusion: It can be concluded that antioxidant phytochemicals of JA and CD could promote the tPA activity, thereby promoting thrombolytic activity. Copyright: 2023 Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal (BBRJ) -
Antiwear performance evaluation of halloysite nanotube (HNT) filled polymer nanocomposites
Polymer nanocomposites containing various types of reinforcements and fillers are oftenly used in applications such as sliding elements in the machine and automotive parts, gear assemblies etc., in which tribological performance parameters viz. friction and wear are the major issues. In this work, the specific wear rate of HNT filler loading (0-4wt %) in Glass-Epoxy nanocomposites fabricated by vacuum bagging technique are evaluated experimentally. For this purpose, the specimens are prepared and tests are conducted as per the ASTM G-99 standard for a number of trials with the assistance of a pin-on-disc machine by varying load and speed values, keeping time and track diameter constant. The results obtained from experiments reveals that reduction in specific wear rate and the amount of material loss is quite significant for HNT loaded specimens when compared with neat sample even at higher operating conditions. This indicates that HNT comprises of hard ceramic elements viz. SiO2 and Al2O3 which eventually enhances the antiwear behaviour of prepared nanocomposites. Finally, a study on wear mechanisms and morphologies are carried out by analyzing the worn surfaces through SEM micrographs. BEIESP. -
Aplicaci obligatoria de las NIIF y relevancia del valor de la informaci contable en la India; [Mandatory IFRS enforcement and value relevance of accounting information in India]
This study investigates the influence of IFRS enforcement on the explanatory power of earnings and book value on the market price in an emerging economy, India over five years that is two years before mandatory IFRS enforcement for 2014-2015 and three years after IFRS enforcement for 2016- 2018. Total 3470 firm-year observations were examined by assembling data from the BSE website and the annual reports of the firms for this purpose. The findings of the study conclude that the financial reporting environment has improved after introducing the IFRS, which was reflected through a strong and significant association between market price and its two dominating variables earnings and book values. However, the findings also suggest that earnings have been stronger and more significant predictors of market price post-IFRS enforcement than book values, which showed a negative association with market price and declined after IFRS enforcement. The study also suffers from diverse constraints similar to previous studies such as limited data sets and years coupled with only two variables and suggests future scope for research in diverse angles where researchers can employ the return model, and add more control variables such as cash flows, leverage, size, growth... 2019 Universidad Nacional Automa de Mico, -
Apparel shopping styles of young adult consumers in Bangalore
Apparels are one of the most frequently purchased product categories where young adults have the authority to make independent buying decisions, and they also become trendsetters and opinion leaders. Understanding this large segment appropriately is crucial for apparel manufacturers and marketers as they promise longevity of market and exert substantial influence on their parents, peers, as well as their own spending. The present study segmented young adult consumers based on their shopping styles towards purchase of apparels and explored the differences in the shopping styles across demographics such as gender, educational levels, and regional background. The respondents for the study were young adults who belonged to the age group of 18 - 25 years residing in Bangalore, India. The variables under study were eight shopping styles adapted from Sproles and Kendall Consumer Style Inventory- CSI (1986). The study revealed that all the eight shopping styles of the CSI were manifested among young adults in Bangalore; however, the predominant shopping style was the Perfectionist/ High Quality Conscious shopping style. Furthermore, significant differences in the shopping styles of young adults across gender, educational levels, and regional background were found. -
Apparel shopping styles of young adult consumers in Bangalore /
Indian Journal Of Marketing, Vol.46, Issue 2, pp.267-279, ISSN No: 0973-8703. -
APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
Artificial Technology is the blockbuster technology today. Pharmaceutical industry is no exception to the technology onslaught. Pharmaceutical industry adapting to the Artificial Intelligence (AI) to improve the overall performance of the industry processes, through improved efficiency in the operations and reduced lead time in the drug discovery. This is done through AIs ability of scanning huge data to speed up the drug discovery stage by identifying prospective drug candidates through technology like Structure-Based Virtual Screening (SBVS) and Fragment-Based Drug Discovery (FBDD). A nascent drug approach called as drug repurposing is very prospective through AI, and AI makes it possible to integrate nanotechnology, targeted drug development and personalised treatment based on genetic and proteomic data. AI has huge applications in the very important drug development stage of clinical trials. Selection of suitable participants, predicting drug responses will have huge cost reduction with the AI technology. In addition to drug trials, AI is transforming the pharmaceutical marketing process. Personalised communication, predictive sales forecasting, automated content generation and sentiment analysis are some of the possible as of now. These applications make the companies offer tailor made marketing strategies specific to physicians and patients and monitor the brand reputation and bring efficiency in the supply chain. Albeit the potential benefits, adoption of AI fully in the pharmaceutical industry has its own challenges. In the areas of data privacy, regulatory compliance and ethics related to drug testing, AI could face serious challenges. As the technology evolves, AI will have its impact on the pharmaceutical industry offering huge growth opportunities. India could emerge as a potential superpower in the pharmaceutical industry if AI is properly harnessed for industry growth. India can be the pharmacy for the entire world in the coming days if industry finds a way to utilize AI properly. 2024, Indian Pharmaceutical Association. All rights reserved. -
Application of Corn Oil Derived Carbon Nano-onions Using Flame Pyrolysis as Durable Catalyst Support for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
The reliance of carbon black as catalyst support for Pt in PEM fuel cell has posed a major challenge in its durability as carbon blacks are highly prone to corrosion. As an alternative, CNTs, CNFs, and graphene are explored as catalyst support, however at the expense of tedious synthesis procedure and production cost. So to combat this issue, a facile flame pyrolysis route was adopted to produce carbon nano-onions using eco-friendly corn oil. Further modification in the carbon nano-onions exhibited better corrosion resistance in comparison to carbon black (Vulcan XC-72R). Also, a systematic approach was adopted towards developing a durable electrocatalyst which was designed to withstand harsh fuel cell operating conditions. The electrocatalyst was successfully analyzed using stringent standard testing protocols (< 40% ECSA loss). Among all the electrocatalyst studied, Pt/fOC exhibited only 37.1% loss in electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) after 5000 cycles, thus indicating its excellent durability. A full cell was also constructed with Pt/fOC as cathode electrocatalyst which showed a maximum power density of 365 mW cm?2, comparable to commercial Pt/C (367 mW cm?2). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the application of corn oil derived carbon nano-onions as catalyst support for PEM fuel cells. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Application of data analytics principles in healthcare
Information technology has transformed the healthcare field worldwide. In many areas of the healthcare industry, implementations of data analytics tools are commonly used recently. Applying data analytics principles in medical sciences appropriately transforms the mere storage of medical records in to discovery of drugs. Data science and analytics are essential tools because they can help make better decisions when it comes to spending and reducing inefficiencies in healthcare. The proposed model of healthcare data analytics provides a framework to accelerate the adoption and implementation of predictive analytics in healthcare. Healthcare data analytics can be applied to prove formulated hypotheses, test those using standard analytics models and predict patient health conditions. It can be used to classify patients at risk of developing diseases such as diabetes, asthma, and other life-long illnesses. In spite of the challenges faced while applying data science predictive analytics in the healthcare environment, there is an enormous opportunity for its usage in providing quality healthcare for patients. BEIESP. -
Application of fuzzy logic in multi-sensor-based health service robot for condition monitoring during pandemic situations
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to plan and develop a cost-effective health-care robot for assisting and observing the patients in an accurate and effective way during pandemic situation like COVID-19. The purposed research work can help in better management of pandemic situations in rural areas as well as developing countries where medical facility is not easily available. Design/methodology/approach: It becomes very difficult for the medical staff to have a continuous check on patients condition in terms of symptoms and critical parameters during pandemic situations. For dealing with these situations, a service mobile robot with multiple sensors for measuring patients bodily indicators has been proposed and the prototype for the same has been developed that can monitor and aid the patient using the robotic arm. The fuzzy controller has also been incorporated with the mobile robot through which decisions on patient monitoring can be taken automatically. Mamdani implication method has been utilized for formulating mathematical expression of M number of if and then condition based rules with defined input Xj (j = 1, 2, . s), and output yi. The inputs and output variables are formed by the membership functions Aij(xj) and Ci(yi) to execute the Fuzzy Inference System controller. Here, Aij and Ci are the developed fuzzy sets. Findings: The fuzzy-based prediction model has been tested with the output of medicines for the initial 27 runs and was validated by the correlation of predicted and actual values. The correlation coefficient has been found to be 0.989 with a mean square error value of 0.000174, signifying a strong relationship between the predicted values and the actual values. The proposed research work can handle multiple tasks like online consulting, continuous patient condition monitoring in general wards and ICUs, telemedicine services, hospital waste disposal and providing service to patients at regular time intervals. Originality/value: The novelty of the proposed research work lies in the integration of artificial intelligence techniques like fuzzy logic with the multi-sensor-based service robot for easy decision-making and continuous patient monitoring in hospitals in rural areas and to reduce the work stress on medical staff during pandemic situation. 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Application of normal wiggly dual hesitant fuzzy sets to site selection for hydrogen underground storage
The hesitant fuzzy set is a mathematical tool to express multiple values in decision making. If they could not give a resolution, it is important to give priority and importance to a number of different values. Here, we propose normal wiggly dual hesitant fuzzy set (NWDHFS), as an extension of normal wiggly hesitant fuzzy set. We define a new score function of normal wiggly dual hesitant fuzzy information. The NWDHFS can express deep ideas of membership and non-membership information. In this work, we use hesitant fuzzy set to expose the deepest ideas hidden in the thought-level of the decision makers. We show that the NWDHFS can handle the hesitant fuzzy information. It expresses the deeper ideas of hesitant fuzzy set. An illustration is provided to demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness to the application of site selection of the underground storage of hydrogen. We are compelled to look for alternating fuels to suits changing weather conditions and increasing number of vehicles. This alternative fuel is necessary to control global warming and to be economically viable. Based on this, hydrogen gas is selected as a good alternative fuel. The most important statement is the saving of the selected hydrogen gas. Thus, when saving hydrogen fuel, a safe storage space must be selected. Here, we use the MCDM ideas by use of proposed NWDHFV method is to select the appropriate hydrogen underground storage location. 2019 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC