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Impact of data centers on power consumption, climate change, and sustainability
The data-driven economy is transforming with data centers becoming a crucial business infrastructure. However, the increasing reliance on data centers is posing a threat to the environment. Climate change activists are focusing on reducing emissions from sectors like automotive, aviation, and energy. Data centers consume more electricity than the UK, accounting for 3% of global electricity supply and 2% of total greenhouse gas emissions. By 2040, digital data storage is projected to contribute to 14% of the world's emissions. The number of data centers worldwide has surged from 500,000 in 2012 to over 8 million, with energy consumption doubling every four years. The rise in internet penetration rates and the introduction of 5G technologies and IoT devices will further exacerbate the issue, increasing the demand for data processing. 2024, IGI Global. -
Digital Bridges: Harnessing Social Media for Social and Cultural Unity in Disaster Recovery
This manuscript investigates the role of social media as digital bridges which link individuals, groups, and organizations within a?community in post-disaster recoveries. By synthesizing research from disaster studies, social capital theory, and digital communication literature, the paper draws on empirical evidence on social media supporting situational awareness, community mobilization, digital storytelling, and cross-cultural?solidarity. Simultaneously, it also?examines the problems of fake news, social media apartheid, surveillance dystopia, and the fleeting nature of online solidarity. Instead of a general literature review, the article provides an integrative conceptual synthesis that?connects theory to policy and practice. It concludes with concrete suggestions for policymakers, platform designers, and recovery specialists who want to leverage social media's connecting?power while reducing its separating dangers. 2026 Policy Studies Organization. -
Water Diplomacy in the Cauvery River and Mullaperiyar Dam: A Case Study of Tamil Nadu's Experience With Karnataka and Kerala
Water sharing by multiple nations internationally often leads to issues concerning access, utilization, and sustainability. In South India, Tamil Nadu's incident with water diplomacy, mainly in managing the Cauvery River Basin shared with Karnataka, presents important implications for reserve management and conflict resolution. The state relies heavily on its river systems for irrigation, drinking water, and industrial use, but the scarcity and irregular allocation of water resources pose a significant challenge. Efficient water diplomacy can help achieve sustainable water administration by fostering common thought and cooperation among riparian states. This paper critically evaluates the challenges and opportunities in Tamil Nadu's water peacekeeping, focusing on its commitment to neighboring states over collective water resources. It explores key themes such as the historical context of interstate water-sharing disagreements, the efficiency of existing lawful and institutional frameworks, and the role of political and social arrangements in shaping water-sharing negotiations. The paper also underscores the need for a more practical and mutual approach to water distribution, moving away from legal arbitration and political negotiation to embrace the values of sustainable and evenhanded water management. 2025 Policy Studies Organization. -
GalNAc-siRNA conjugates: Prospective tools on the frontier of anti-viral therapeutics
The growing use of short-interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapeutics for viral diseases reflects the most recent innovations in anti-viral vaccines and drugs. These drugs play crucial roles in the fight against many hitherto incurable diseases, the causes, pathophysiologies, and molecular processes of which remain unknown. Targeted liver drug delivery systems are in clinical trials. The receptor-mediated endocytosis approach involving the abundant asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGPRs) on the surfaces of liver cells show great promise. We here review N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-siRNA conjugates that treat viral diseases such as hepatitis B infection, but we also mention that novel, native conjugate-based, targeted siRNA anti-viral drugs may also cure several life-threatening diseases such as hemorrhagic cystitis, multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronaviruses and human herpes virus. 2021 Elsevier Ltd -
A Novel Hybrid Model for Time Series Forecasting Using Artificial Neural Network and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Models
Enhancing forecast accuracy while using time series is a potential area of research. Evidences exist in the literature to show that hybrid models can significantly improve the forecasting performance, as they combine the exclusive strengths of different models. This paper presents a novel hybrid model by combining forecasts from Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and artificial neural network (ANN) models with suitable weights, thereby improving the forecast accuracy. The methodology employs appropriate error metrics to construct the weights. The paper further demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed methodology through an empirical study, based on two real-world time series data sets. Thus, the new methodology can be used for enhancing the forecast accuracy in a number of fields of research. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Exploring ARIMA Models with Interacted Lagged Variables for Forecasting
Including interactions among the explanatory variables in regression models is a common phenomenon. However, including interactions existing among lagged variables in autoregressive models has not been explored so far. In this paper, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model with interactions among the lagged variables is proposed for improving forecast accuracy. The methodology for identifying the interacted lagged variables and including them in the ARIMA model is suggested. Using five different data sets of different types, the paper explores the effect of interacted lagged variables in ARIMA model. The experimental results exhibit that when interactions do actually exist, ARIMA model with interactions improves the forecast accuracy as compared to ARIMA model without interactions. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Consumer Perception of Internet Banking and Mobile Banking Using Twitter Analytics
Mobile and internet banking have introduced a new way of monetary transactions without the need for physical presence. This research proposes to analyze the sentiments of people regarding digital transactions, mobile, and internet banking. The explosion of internet usage and the huge funding initiatives in electronic banking have drawn the attention of researchers towards internet and mobile banking. This study focuses on customer value perceptions of the internet and mobile banking in India. The recent and forecasted Digital India scheme shows high growth in e-banking in India. The demographic, attitudinal, and behavioral characteristics of mobile bank users were examined. In this study, datasets obtained from Twitter were used. After extensive and repeated analysis, it is found that both mobile and internet banking are well received; the number of positive tweets, especially regarding mobile banking, is much higher than that of internet banking. This leads to the interpretation that people find mobile banking easier and safer, especially during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. 2022 Information Resources Management Association. All rights reserved. -
Diversity of Endophytic Fungi in Plant Species: Traditional vs. High-Throughput Sequencing Approaches
The plant microbiome significantly impacts plant life, with fungi playing a crucial role in shaping interactions and classifications. Advances in cultivation technologies have refined fungal classification, and research highlights the vital connection between endophytic fungi and their plant hosts. The present study employs morphological and phylogenetic techniques, predicting the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) secondary structure and using next-generation sequencing (NGS) data to detect fungal endophytes in plant leaves via both traditional and conventional approaches. The research area, with its hot semi-arid environment and red and black soils, supports drought-resistant plants like Senna auriculata, Ziziphus mauritiana, and Catunaregam spinosa, known for their medicinal properties. These plants, rich in antioxidants, play a vital role in traditional medicine and highlight the region's rich ethno-botanical heritage. The culture-dependent study on the foliage yielded a total of 17 isolates from S. auriculata and 16 each from both C. spinosa and Z. mauritiana. The most common genera, Alternaria and Nigrospora, account for 18.3% of all isolated endophytic fungi. Three plants were colonized with Nigrospora and Lasiodiplodia, and their morphotypes were determined using ITS2 secondary structure prediction. Recent ecological studies highlight unculturable taxa, or dark taxa, where many species cannot sporulate or be cultured, emphasizing the need for High - Throughput Sequencing (HTS) approaches. The study gathered 68,791 reads from S. auriculata with 101 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), 58,620 from C. spinosa with 219 OTUs, and 66,087 from Z. mauritiana with 193 OTUs, with the majority of OTUs related to Colletotrichum (69%) and a minimum of Myrmaecium (2%). A total of 49 fungal isolates were obtained from traditional methods, whereas 513 fungal OTUs were retrieved through HTS methods, confirming the presence of a highly abundant fungus population in plant samples. The study reveals that using the ITS short amplicon sequencing technique provides distinct insights into endophytic fungal communities in three plant samples. In conclusion, analyzing plant fungal components using a combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques may be a novel strategy. 2025 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland. -
Sodium Alginate Coated Cerium(III) Fluoride Nanoparticles for Biocompatible Antimicrobial Applications: Structural and Functional Insights
Cerium(III) fluoride (CeF?) nanoparticles and sodium alignatefunctionalized CeF? nanocomposites (CeF?SA) were synthesized via a wet-chemical method. XRD confirmed phase-pure hexagonal CeF? with an average crystallite size of ~ 24nm. TEM showed uniformly distributed nanoparticles (812nm), and lattice fringe analysis revealed an interplanar spacing of ~ 0.315nm corresponding to the (111) plane, indicating preserved crystallinity after SA functionalization. UVvisible spectroscopy revealed a reduction in the optical band gap from 6.05eV (CeF?) to 4.96eV (CeF?SA), indicating modification of electronic properties. PL emission (351522nm) showed quenching, suggesting suppressed charge carrier recombination and increased defect density. CeF?SA exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (S. aureus, S. pneumoniae), Gram-negative (K. pneumoniae, E. coli), and the fungal pathogen C. albicans, with reduced MIC (650g/mL) and MBC (1050g/mL) against K. pneumoniae. SEM revealed pronounced bacterial membrane damage. In vitro MTT assays on L929 fibroblasts demonstrated > 80% cell viability at concentrations up to 60g/mL, indicating the nanoparticles are well-tolerated at sub-antimicrobial doses. Overall, CeF?SA represents a promising antimicrobial nanoplatform, with further studies needed to assess cytocompatibility at MIC-level concentrations. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2026. -
Chitosan coated multifunctional NiFe?O? nanocomposites as a promising candidate for biomedical applications
Nanoparticles for biomedical applications often suffer from limited stability, low biocompatibility, and suboptimal therapeutic efficacy. To address these challenges, NiFe?O? nanoparticles were functionalized with chitosan (NiFe?O?-CS) via a co-precipitation method, aiming to enhance their structural, optical, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. XRD analysis revealed a reduction in crystallite size from 37 to 33nm after chitosan modification, indicating controlled crystal growth and increased surface area. TEM results confirmed a corresponding decrease in particle size from 35 2.1nm to 29 1.8nm, improving surface reactivity and stability. PL spectra exhibited a red-shift in green emission peaks, suggesting increased oxygen vacancies and defect states that facilitate ROS generation. Antimicrobial assays against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Candida albicans (C.albicans) demonstrated significantly higher activity for NiFe?O?-CS nanocomposites, supported by SEM imaging that showed extensive microbial membrane disruption. Furthermore, NiFe?O?-CS exhibited enhanced anticancer activity against C6 glioma cells, with an IC?? of 35.6g/mL compared to 43.6g/mL for unmodified nanoparticles. Zebrafish embryo studies confirmed the biocompatibility of NiFe?O?-CS at appropriate doses, although dose-dependent embryotoxicity was observed. These findings highlight that chitosan functionalization of dual-metal nanoparticles improves therapeutic efficacy through increased surface interactions and ROS generation while underscoring the need for careful dose optimization. This study presents a novel strategy for designing biopolymer-coated nanocomposites that balance enhanced biomedical performance with safety considerations. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026. -
Biocompatible NiTiO3Dopamine nanocomposites for combating drug-resistant pathogens through membrane disruption and oxidative stress
The rising threat of multidrug-resistant pathogens poses a challenge to public health. Highlighting the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents, this study reports the synthesis of NiTiO3 nanoparticles and dopamine-functionalized NiTiO3 nanocomposites. Structural and elemental confirmation was obtained through XPS studies, which confirmed the presence of Ni2+ and Ti4+ in the nanocomposite, along with C 1s and O 1s peaks corresponding to dopamine coating. Photoluminescence spectra revealed that the NiTiO3dopamine nanocomposite exhibits notable green emission bands at 510, 518, and 527nm which arises from deep-level recombination associated with complex oxygen-related defects like oxygen vacancies. The NiTiO3-dopamine exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, K. pneumoniae, S. dysenteriae, and C. albicans, compared to NiTiO3 alone. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays further revealed that NiTiO3dopamine achieved MIC at 600?g/mL and MBC at 1000?g/mL for K. pneumoniae, outperforming pure NiTiO3. ROS assays confirmed oxidative stress-mediated antimicrobial action, with ROS levels significantly quenched in the presence of histidine. SEM images of bacterial morphology showed extensive membrane disruption in NiTiO3dopamine treated cells. Furthermore, zebrafish embryo assays confirmed excellent biocompatibility of the NiTiO3dopamine nanocomposite, with normal development observed up to 72h post fertilization. 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V. -
Chitosan and L-histidine coated biofunctional TiO? composite with enhanced ROS-mediated antimicrobial and anticancer efficacy for biomedical applications
Societies continue to face the urgent challenge of developing effective, safe, and stable nanoparticles with promising biomedical applications. Herein, the present study synthesis chitosan and L-Histidine dually coated titanium dioxide (TiCSLH) nanocomposite (NC) by chemical co-precipitation method. The antimicrobial performance of TiO? nanoparticles is closely linked to their physicochemical properties, such as reduced particle size, increased bandgap, and the presence of oxygen vacancies, all of which collectively enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibit microbial growth. Structural analyses using XRD and TEM confirmed that TiCSLH nanoparticles possess an anatase phase and a spherical morphology. Compared to TiO?, TiCSLH nanoparticles demonstrated significantly enhanced antimicrobial activity against MRSA, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans strains, as evidenced by larger zones of inhibition from 2324mm. This enhanced efficacy is attributed to their smaller particle size (~ 26 3nm), wider bandgap (3.34eV), and prominent oxygen vacancy-related emissions at 518 and 531nm, which facilitate increased ROS production, resulting in cellular membrane disruption and microbial death. Furthermore, compared to TiO2, TiCSLH exhibited notable anticancer potential against breast cancer cells, with an IC?? of 10?g/mL, while maintaining excellent biocompatibility, as evidenced by its non-toxic response toward L929 fibroblast cells, which showed 83.5% cell viability. Collectively, these findings underscore the potential of TiCSLH nanoparticles for diverse biomedical applications. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Biocompatible Pluronic F127-coated nickel titanate nanoparticles: toward effective antimicrobial and antioxidant therapies
Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are a major global health concern. Nickel titanate (NiTiO?) nanoparticles offer potential antimicrobial applications, but their biocompatibility is limited. This study explores the surface modification of NiTiO? with Pluronic F127 (PF127) to enhance biological performance. NiTiO? nanoparticles were synthesized and coated with PF127. Characterization was performed using XRD, FTIR, HRTEM, BET and DLS. Antibacterial activity was assessed via pathogenic bacteria assays and colony-forming unit quantification. Antioxidant activity was measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, and zebrafish embryos evaluated in vivo toxicity. XRD confirmed hexagonal NiTiO?, and FTIR/HRTEM verified PF127 incorporation. BET analysis indicated a surface area of 28.66 m2 g?1 and mesoporous structure (2.59 nm pore diameter). DLS showed particle size reduction from 219.3 nm (NiTiO?) to 135.9 nm (NiTiO?PF127), confirming improved dispersion. NiTiO?PF127 exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity, with colony-forming unit counts decreasing in a concentration-dependent manner. The DPPH assay showed 53.7% radical scavenging at 20 ?g mL?1. Zebrafish embryo studies revealed higher viability and lower developmental toxicity for PF127-coated nanoparticles compared to uncoated NiTiO?. PF127 modification of NiTiO? improves dispersion, antibacterial and antioxidant activity, and biocompatibility. These results highlight NiTiO?PF127 nanocomposite as a promising candidate for biomedical and antimicrobial applications. 2026 Society of Chemical Industry. 2026 Society of Chemical Industry. -
NiFe2O3 and carboxymethyl cellulose modified NiFe2O3 nanoparticles: synthesis, antibacterial activity, and zebrafish embryo bio-evaluation
The alarming rise in multidrug-resistant bacterial infections has necessitated the development of novel and biocompatible antimicrobial agents. In this study, NiFe2O3 nanoparticles were prepared using co-precipitation method. The NiFe2O3 nanoparticles were functionalized with carboxymethyl cellulose to enhance their stability, dispersibility, and biological activity. The characterization results revealed that the CMC-modified NiFe2O3 nanoparticles exhibited an enhanced physicochemical property when compared to bare NiFe2O3. The hydrodynamic diameter of the CMC-modified NiFe2O3 nanoparticles were found to be 202.3 nm. The crystallite size of the nanoparticles was found to be 28.2 nm for NiFe2O3 and 24.3 nm for CMC-NiFe2O3. Fourier-transform infrared spectra revealed the effective functionalization of CMC through typical O[sbnd]H, C[sbnd]H, and C[sbnd]O[sbnd]C vibrations. The HRTEM results revealed the homogenous particle morphology with negligible aggregation. BET analysis indicated a high surface area of 85.75 m2/g and a pore volume of 1.789 cm3/g, showing a mesoporous structure. The optical studies demonstrated a narrowed band gap from 3.22 eV to 3.12 eV, and lower PL intensity, implying better charge separation and higher surface defects. Antibacterial activity, assessed by agar well diffusion method, indicated drastically bigger zones of inhibition for CMC-NiFe2O3 over bare NiFe2O3, against Shigella dysenteriae and Proteus vulgaris. The antioxidant activity of CMC-NiFe2O3 was determined through DPPH assay which demonstrated dose-dependent radical scavenging activity. The zebrafish embryo toxicity testing revealed dose-dependent developmental anomalies, with high doses (3 mg/mL) triggering pericardial edema, tail malformation, and reduced pigmentation. 2025 Elsevier B.V. -
Multifunctional Evaluation of CaCO3Sodium Alginate Nanocomposite for Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anticancer Applications
In this study, Calcium carbonate (CaCO?) nanoparticles and calcium carbonatesodium alginate (CaCO?SA) nanocomposite were successfully synthesized via a controlled precipitation method and evaluated for multifunctional biomedical applications. Structural and surface analyses confirmed the formation of a calcite phase with effective surface functionalization using SA. The nanocomposite exhibited reduced crystallite size (~ 29nm vs. ~38nm for CaCO?), improved dispersion, and enhanced defect density, as evidenced by XRD, DLS, PL, and TEM analyses. PL studies revealed multiple defect-related emission bands (370534nm), indicating the presence of active surface states. The CaCO?SA nanocomposite demonstrated significantly enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to CaCO?, with zone of inhibition values reaching ~ 20mm (S. aureus), ~ 21mm (S. pneumoniae), ~ 20mm (E. coli), and ~ 18mm (C. albicans), comparable to standard drugs. CFU analysis confirmed a concentration-dependent reduction in bacterial viability, while MIC and MBC values were reduced to 500g mL? and 750g mL?, respectively, indicating improved bacteriostatic and bactericidal efficiency. In anticancer studies, the nanocomposite exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity against MG-63 osteosarcoma cells, reducing cell viability to ~ 30% at higher concentrations, while maintaining high biocompatibility of > 80% viability toward L929 fibroblast cells. Overall, this work highlights the potential of surface engineered CaCO? based nanomaterials as promising candidates for combined antimicrobial and anticancer applications, providing a foundation for future in-depth biological investigations and translational studies. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2026. -
Green synthesis of biocompatible L-Histidine-Modified NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles: A multifaceted approach toward cancer and bacterial therapy
Cancer and infections caused by microbes remain serious global health threats, with multidrug resistance and toxicity associated with treatment constraining the efficacy of traditional therapies. In the present research, biocompatible L-histidine-functionalized nickel ferrite nanoparticles (NiFe2O4-LH) were green synthesized using of Clitoria ternatea flower extract and systematically evaluated for their therapeutic effects. Characterization established their spinel cubic structure, reduced crystallite size (14.4 nm), and enhanced stability when compared to bare NiFe2O4 (21.6 nm). UVvisible spectra revealed a blue shift with expanded band gap from 3.16 eV (NiFe2O4) to 3.92 eV (NiFe2O4-LH). The PL spectra revealed that the NiFe2O4-LH exhibited green emission at 516, 526 nm suggesting increased oxygen vacancies facilitating ROS production. The NiFe2O4-LH NPs demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity when compared to pure NiFe2O4. SEM analysis confirmed extensive bacterial membrane breakdown when exposed to NiFe2O4-LH. Cytotoxicity to MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells showed a significant dose-dependent response with an IC50 of 12.41 ?g/mL. Biocompatibility assessments with zebrafish embryos supported negligible development toxicity, wherein NiFe?O?-LH-treated groups preserved normal morphology until 72 hpf compared to the bare NiFe2O4. 2025 Elsevier B.V. -
Biofunctional NiTiO3D-carvone nanocomposite: Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial, antioxidant, and zebrafish biocompatibility evaluation
The growing threat of microbial resistance and oxidative stress-related disorders highly demands the development of multifunctional nanoparticles with enhanced bioactivity and biocompatibility. In response to this demand, D-carvone functionalized nickel titanate (NiTiO?-D-carvone) was synthesized. XRD confirmed the formation of a crystalline rhombohedral NiTiO3 phase, while HRTEM revealed reduced agglomeration and uniform distribution upon D-carvone modification. The average crystallite size of the composite was 27 nm. DLS analysis showed a decreased hydrodynamic diameter (D?? = 112.50 nm) for the functionalized nanocomposite compared to bare NiTiO3 (225.70 nm). XPS spectra confirmed the presence of Ni? and Ti?? oxidation states, along with C=O and CO groups from D-carvone. The NiTiO3D-carvone nanocomposite exhibited a surface area of 2.658 m/g and showed strong UV absorption at 326 nm. PL studies revealed that the nanocomposite exhibited green emission at 524 nm, attributed to oxygen vacancy-related defect states which is favorable for enhanced ROS generation. Antibacterial studies demonstrated enhanced inhibition zones against K. pneumoniae (16 mm), S. dysenteriae (17 mm), Escherichia coli (18 mm) P. aeruginosa (12 mm) and P. vulgaris (17 mm) compared to bare NiTiO?. CFU assays revealed a concentration-dependent reduction in viable colonies, with the highest activity at 10 mg/mL. The antioxidant efficiency reached 61.4 % DPPH inhibition at 20 g/mL, closely comparable to Vitamin C (64.7 %). Zebrafish embryo assays confirmed excellent biocompatibility of the NiTiO?D-carvone system, with normal morphology and survival up to 96 hpf. The experimental results suggest that surface modification with D-carvone significantly enhances the biological activity and safety of NiTiO3 nanoparticles. 2025 -
Green synthesis of NiTiO? and tartaric acid-coated NiTiO? nanoparticles using Tagetes erecta: Characterization and biological applications
This study investigated the environmentally friendly synthesis, structural characterization, and biomedical potential of nickel titanate (NiTiO?) nanoparticles (NPs) prepared using Tagetes erecta (marigold) flower extract, with particular emphasis on their tartaric acid-coated, functionalized derivative (NiTiO?-T NPs). Structural analyses via FTIR spectroscopy revealed functional groups characteristic of the tartaric acid coating on NiTiO?-T NPs, while XRD confirmed the crystalline hexagonal phase for both NiTiO? and NiTiO?-T NPs. FESEM images demonstrated that both types of NPs exhibited uniform, spherical morphologies. Biomedical evaluations highlighted the enhanced efficacy of NiTiO?-T NPs, which achieved 85.2 % DPPH radical scavenging at 100 ?g/mL, significantly outperforming uncoated NiTiO? NPs (72.4 %). Antimicrobial testing against various pathogens showed that NiTiO?-T NPs generated larger inhibition zones compared to their counterparts, effectively targeting Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus, B. subtilis), Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, P. aeruginosa), and fungi (C. albicans). Further analysis revealed notably lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs: 1000 ?g/mL) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs: 1500 ?g/mL) for NiTiO?-T NPs, confirming their potent bactericidal action. These findings position tartaric acid-functionalized NiTiO?-T NPs as promising candidates for dual-functional therapeutic applications. 2025 -
A study on role of cooperative banks in micro-finance with special reference to Karnataka /
The International Journal of Business & Management, Vol.4, Issue 10, pp.9-11, ISSN No: 2321-8916. -
Optimal portfolio construction with nifty stocks /
International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol.1, Issue 4, pp.474-480, ISSN No: 2348-0343.